Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

The International Pulsar Timing Array Second Data Release: Search For An Isotropic Gravitational Wave Background, J. Antoniadis, Z. Arzoumanian, S. Babak, M. Bailes, A.-S. Bak Nielsen, P. T. Baker, C. G. Bassa, B. Bécsy, A. Berthereau, M. Bonetti, A. Brazier, P. R. Brook, M. Burgay, S. Burke-Spolaor, R. N. Caballero, J. A. Casey-Clyde, A. Chalumeau, D. J. Champion, M. Charisi, S. Chatterjee, S. Chen, I. Cognard, D. R. Madison

Pacific Faculty Work

We searched for an isotropic stochastic gravitational wave background in the second data release of the International Pulsar Timing Array, a global collaboration synthesizing decadal-length pulsar-timing campaigns in North America, Europe, and Australia. In our reference search for a power-law strain spectrum of the form hc = A(f/1, yr-α, we found strong evidence for a spectrally similar low-frequency stochastic process of amplitude A = 3.8+6.3-2.5 × 10-15 and spectral index α =-0.5 ± 0.5, where the uncertainties represent 95 per cent credible regions, using information from the auto- A nd cross-correlation terms between the pulsars in the array. For a …

Indole-3-Glycerol Phosphate Synthase From Mycobacterium Tuberculosis: A Potential New Drug Target, Nikolas Esposito, David W. Konas, Nina M. Goodey

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, affects millions of people worldwide. Several TB drugs have lost efficacy due to emerging drug resistance and new anti-TB targets are needed. Recent research suggests that indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase (IGPS) in M. tuberculosis (MtIGPS) could be such a target. IGPS is a (β/α)8-barrel enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 1-(o-carboxyphenylamino)-1-deoxyribulose 5’-phosphate (CdRP) into indole-glycerol-phosphate (IGP) in the bacterial tryptophan biosynthetic pathway. M. tuberculosis over expresses the tryptophan pathway genes during an immune response and inhibition of MtIGPS allows CD4 T-cells to more effectively fight against M. tuberculosis. Here we review the published …

Search For Continuous Gravitational Waves From 20 Accreting Millisecond X-Ray Pulsars In O3 Ligo Data, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams

Faculty Publications

Results are presented of searches for continuous gravitational waves from 20 accreting millisecond x-ray pulsars with accurately measured spin frequencies and orbital parameters, using data from the third observing run of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The search algorithm uses a hidden Markov model, where the transition probabilities allow the frequency to wander according to an unbiased random walk, while the J-statistic maximum-likelihood matched filter tracks the binary orbital phase. Three narrow subbands are searched for each target, centered on harmonics of the measured spin frequency. The search yields 16 candidates, consistent with a false alarm probability of …

Flexible Bielectrode-Based Highly Sensitive Triboelectric Motion Sensor: A Sustainable And Smart Electronic Material, Damian Zamora, Abu Masa Abdullah, Alejandro Flores, Haimanti Majumder, Muhtasim Ul Karim Sadaf, Bahareh Azimi, Serena Danti, M. Jasim Uddin

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Chemistry)

The self-powered and autonomous sensors are incredibly important in advanced engineering, especially defence science. The increasing necessity of simple and smart electronics requires to be sustainably flexible, wearable, and waterproof. Triboelectricity has been a widely used mechanism for motion sensing nowadays. Almost all devices based on triboelectricity require contact between two surfaces. Herein, a touchless triboelectric motion sensor for human motion sensing and movement monitoring is developed. The device was primarily fabricated using simple latex (cis-1,4-polyisoprene) structures and copper (electrode materials), which make it a very cost-effective device for sensory applications. The device is tested with specimens of different areas …

Crop Rotational Complexity Affects Plant-Soil Nitrogen Cycling During Water Deficit, Timothy M. Bowles, Andrea Jilling, Karen Moran-Rivera, Jorg Schnecker, A. Stuart Grandy

Faculty Publications

One of the biggest environmental challenges facing agriculture is how to both supply and retain nitrogen (N), especially as precipitation becomes more variable with climate change. We used a greenhouse experiment to assess how contrasting histories of crop rotational complexity affect plant-soil-microbe interactions that govern N processes, including during water stress. With higher levels of carbon and N cycling hydrolytic enzymes, higher mineral-associated organic matter N concentrations, and an altered microbial community, soils from the most complex rotation enabled 80% more corn N uptake under two moisture regimes, compared to soil from monoculture corn. Higher levels of plant N likely …

The New Shiny Penny? Regenerative Agriculture Beliefs And Practices Among Portland's Urban Agriculturalists, Melia Ann Chase

Dissertations and Theses

Regenerative agriculture (RA) is a set of farming and land management practices intended to support or enhance soil health and carbon sequestration potential of soils while producing food, fiber, or other agricultural products. It has received broad acclaim from scholars, corporations, and governmental bodies as a potential means of sequestering carbon and mitigating climate change impacts. It has also received critique and pushback for its vague definition, shifting metrics, and lack of acknowledgement of the Indigenous practices underlying the modern suite of regenerative practices. The purpose of this research is to investigate the beliefs Portland, Oregon urban agricultural practitioners hold …

Uranium 233: The Nuclear Superfuel No One Is Using, Maris Hanson

Seattle Journal of Technology, Environmental, & Innovation Law

Nuclear power offers more energy in less physical space than solar and wind and yields more energy per pound than fossil fuels. However different nuclear fuels yield different waste profiles and create different beneficial products. Uranium 233 (U233) resists use in nuclear weapons, yields beneficial daughter products, and produces dramatically less of the most problematic waste products than Uranium 235 (U235). U233 results from reactions with Thorium, a plentiful, ubiquitous element currently considered waste from rare earth mines. Additionally, U233 functions well in a liquid fuel reactor resulting in safer, more efficient reactors than current solid fuel U235 or Plutonium …

On The Horizon: Nanosatellite Constellations Will Revolutionize The Internet Of Things (Iot), Diane Janosek

Seattle Journal of Technology, Environmental, & Innovation Law

The Internet of Things has experienced exponential growth and use across the globe with 25.1 billion devices currently in use. Until recently, the functionality of the IoT was dependent on secure data flow between internet terrestrial stations and the IoT devices. Now, a new alternative path of data flow is on the horizon.

IoT device manufacturers are now looking to outer space nanosatellite constellations to connect to a different type of internet. This new internet is no longer terrestrial with fiber cables six feet underground but now looking up, literally, 200 to 300 miles above the earth, to communicate, connect …

Search For Continuous Gravitational Waves From 20 Accreting Millisecond X-Ray Pulsars In O3 Ligo Data, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, Marco Cavaglia, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Results are presented of searches for continuous gravitational waves from 20 accreting millisecond x-ray pulsars with accurately measured spin frequencies and orbital parameters, using data from the third observing run of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The search algorithm uses a hidden Markov model, where the transition probabilities allow the frequency to wander according to an unbiased random walk, while the J-statistic maximum-likelihood matched filter tracks the binary orbital phase. Three narrow subbands are searched for each target, centered on harmonics of the measured spin frequency. The search yields 16 candidates, consistent with a false alarm probability of …

Spectroscopic Properties Relevant To Astronomical And Laboratory Detection Of Mch And Mch+ (M = Al, Mg), Vincent J. Esposito, Tarek Trabelsi, Joseph S. Francisco

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

New spectroscopic parameters have been calculated to aid in the laboratory and observational detection of AlCH, AlCH⁺, MgCH, MgCH⁺, and their deuterated analogs. All species exist in linear geometry except for AlCH+, which exhibits a bent structure. Rotational frequencies have been calculated and the transition with maximum intensity is discussed for three temperature regions present in space: 100 K for a central circumstellar envelope (CSE), 30 K for an outer CSE, and 3 K indicative of the interstellar medium. Pertinent frequencies range from 25 to 250 GHz, depending on the species. At 30 K, the most …

Search For Continuous Gravitational Waves From 20 Accreting Millisecond X-Ray Pulsars In O3 Ligo Data, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adams, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Francisco Llamas, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Wenhui Wang

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

Results are presented of searches for continuous gravitational waves from 20 accreting millisecond x-ray pulsars with accurately measured spin frequencies and orbital parameters, using data from the third observing run of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The search algorithm uses a hidden Markov model, where the transition probabilities allow the frequency to wander according to an unbiased random walk, while the J-statistic maximum-likelihood matched filter tracks the binary orbital phase. Three narrow subbands are searched for each target, centered on harmonics of the measured spin frequency. The search yields 16 candidates, consistent with a false alarm probability of …

Materials And Methodologies For Spectroscopic And Optical Analytical Applications In Cultural Heritage Conservation Science, Lyndsay Nichole Kissell

Dissertations and Theses

The field of conservation science falls in the intersection of science and art. The work of conservation scientists may include any single subdiscipline of chemistry, though it is most commonly a highly interdisciplinary field taking skills from analytical, organic, and inorganic chemistry, as well as surface and materials science. The aims of conservation scientists are to answer questions about the production and aging of material cultural heritage. Knowing the materials used by an artist can lead to insight about the intentions of the object and knowing how those materials degrade will enable the use of preventative measures to ensure the …

Seasonality And Grazing Management Effect On Growth And Nutritional Composition Of Herbage On Semi-Natural Grasslands Grazed By Dairy Cows In Southwest Germany, E. Velasco, S. Perdana-Decker, J. Werner, U. Dickhoefer

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Natural and semi-natural grasslands represent an attractive forage source for cows in organic dairy farming. Throughout the grazing season, however, diverse factors such as climatic conditions, botanical composition, as well as grazing and herd management, can influence growth and nutritive value of forage on grasslands. We aimed at investigating the influence of seasonality and grazing management in forage growth and nutritional quality in seven commercial organic dairy cattle farms during the grazing season 2019 in South Germany. Therefore, forty exclusion cages (1 m²) were installed on pastures, which were under three different grazing systems: rotational, short-grass, and continuous …

Effect Of Cutting Stage And Turning Frequency On Nutritive Value And Digestibility Of Two Tropical Forages, M. M. Chiphwanya, F. C. Chigwa, H. D. C. Msiska

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Malawi, feed shortage during the dry season (June-October) is a critical factor affecting smallholder dairying. Though suitable improved forages were long introduced, important parameters that indicate forage and hay quality for dry season feeding have been less well studied. This study evaluated the effect of cutting stage and turning frequency at drying of two tropical forages on nutrient composition and digestibility. A 2³ factorial experiment laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design was conducted in Mzuzu milk shed area. Centrosema pubescens and Chloris gayana were established on four plots (5m x 3m) each by 24 dairy farmers; two …

Effect Of Cutting Height On Productivity And Quality Of Alfalfa In Northern Area Of Korea, Jong Geun Kim, C. Liu, S. N. Wei, Y. F. Li, E. C. Jeong, H. J. Kim

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Alfalfa is a very important forage for livestock feeding. In particular, due to the high crude protein content, it is widely used as a dairy cattle feeds. However, the cultivation of alfalfa is quite limited and main source is imported hay in Korea. There are many reasons, but most importantly, low productivity due to lack of boron in the soil. This experiment was conducted to expand domestic production and use of alfalfa. Alfalfa was sown in the fall of 2018 at 30 kg/ha seeding rate. Alfalfa was harvested four times (3 May, 2 July, 11 September and 13 October) in …

Economic Injury Level For Bermudagrass Stem Maggot (Diptera: Muscidae) In Bermudagrass Forage Production In Texas, V. Corriher-Olson, A. Knutson, F. Mitchell

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The bermudagrass stem maggot, Atherigona reversura Villeneuve, was first reported damaging bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers grown for forage in 2010 in the southeastern US. Damage results from individual larvae feeding internally on the vascular tissue just above the terminal node of the grass stem. Damage slows plant growth and reduces forage accumulation. To address the need for economic guidelines to manage this new pest, the relationship between the percent of stems damaged by bermudagrass stem maggot and forage yield was measured in commercial bermudagrass hay fields in northcentral Texas during 2016 and 2017. The slope of the linear regression, …

Dynamic Correlation Estimators For Bivariate Brownian And Geometric Brownian Motions, Majnu John, Yihren Wu

Journal of Stochastic Analysis

No abstract provided.

Diversity And Taxonomic Identity Of Rumen Bacterial Community In Cattle Fed Different Diets, B. K. Korir, J. K. N. Kuria, D. M. Mwangi, M. M. M. Wanyoike

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In this study, the identity of rumen bacterial community and their taxonomic classification in Zebu heifers (n=24) fed 4 different diets (range grasses, Bracharia MulatoII, Azolla and Cassava leaf meal) was surveyed using metagenomics sequencing of the 16SrRNA gene. Rumen liquor samples were collected from the heifers from which a total of 192 DNA samples were amplified and the resulting 16S rRNA sequences compared to the existing sequences at the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) BLAST database through the MetagenAssist . Bioinformatics analyses indicated that 17 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were present at the phylum level. Of these, 43.3% …

Current Status And Future Strategy In Megathyrsus Maximus Breeding Program At The Alliance Bioversity - Ciat, L. M. Hernandez, V. Castiblanco

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Megathyrsus maximus (Jacq.) B.K. Simon & S.W.L. Jacobs is one of the most important grass species cultivated for cattle production in cut and carry systems. There is a need to search for superior hybrids with high potential for mitigation and adaptation to climate change. A big proportion of the M. maximus germplasm, preserved in the CIAT GeneBank has been agronomically characterized and genotypes with desirable traits such as high drought tolerance, high BNI potential (Biological nitrification inhibition), high nutritional quality (biomass production, dry matter, crude protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and dry matter digestibility) and high seed production …

Cross-Protection Against Als-Inhibiting Herbicides In Non-Transgenic Switchgrass Selected For Imazapic Resistance, C. M. Adams, J. I. Morrison, B. S. Baldwin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a North American native warm-season perennial grass that is a cornerstone species in conservation systems and can also be utilized as a high-quality forage. ‘Tusca’ is a cultivar of lowland switchgrass selected from ‘Alamo’ (USDA NRCS, Knox City, TX) for resistance to the herbicide imazapic. This study was conducted to determine if selection in Tusca conferred cross-protection to other ALS-inhibiting herbicides. Five ALS-inhibiting herbicides, including imazapic (IPIC), imazamox (IMOX), imazapyr (IPYR), imazethapyr (ITHR), and metsulfuron methyl (MSUL), were tested on Tusca, Alamo, and wildtype johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense L. (Pers.)) at five rates (25, …

Comparison Of Causality Of Temperature And Precipitation On Italian Ryegrass (Lolium Multifloru Lam.) Yield Between Cultivation Fields Via Multi-Group Structural Equation Model Analysis In The Republic Of Korea, M. Kim, J. Y. Kim, M. H. Jo, C. H. Kim, K. Sung

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This study aimed to compare the causality of climatic factors affecting the yield of Italian ryegrass (IRG) between upland fields and paddy fields, by multi-group structure equation modeling. The raw data (n = 728) on forage contains both yield, field type, and the plantation address were collected from the Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. The climatic factors were: growing days, temperature and precipitation - in autumn and next spring seasons - from the climate big data of the weather information system of Korean Meteorology Administration. In the result, the composition of climatic factors was similar, but the causality by …

Geospatial Applications Of Cave Resource Data To Better Understand Epikarst And Unsaturated Zone Groundwater Flow Path Development, Sierra M. Heimel, Benjamin W. Tobin

Faculty, Staff, and Affiliated Publications--KGS

The unsaturated zone is a critical component of karstic groundwater systems and is shown to provide substantial storage capacities. Understanding the spatial patterns and controls on flow path activation is often a challenge. Previous research focused on remotely sensed data or inferential analyses to quantify these patterns. Here, we use two cave systems—one in Arizona, USA and a second in Kentucky, USA—to show the value of the cave survey and inventory data in the direct observation of speleogenesis and unsaturated zone processes. Using geospatial statistical analyses, we show that passage size varies with distance from some faults, indicating that these …

Graphs, Local Zeta Functions, Log-Coulomb Gases, And Phase Transitions At Finite Temperature, Wilson A. Zuniga-Galindo, Brian A. Zambrano-Luna, E. León-Cardenal

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

We study a log-gas on a network (a finite, simple graph) confined in a bounded subset of a local field (i.e., R, C, and Qp being the field of p-adic numbers). In this gas, a log-Coulomb interaction between two charged particles occurs only when the sites of the particles are connected by an edge of the network. The partition functions of such gases turn out to be a particular class of multivariate local zeta functions attached to the network and a positive test function, which is determined by the confining potential. The methods and results of the theory of local …

Effects Of Foliar Application Of Zno Nanoparticles On Lentil Production, Stress Level And Nutritional Seed Quality Under Field Conditions, Marek Kolenčík, Dávid Ernst, Matej Komár, Martin Urík, Martin Šebesta, Ľuba Ďurišová, Marek Bujdoš, Ivan Černý, Juraj Chlpík, Martin Juriga, Ramakanth Illa, Yu Qian, Huan Feng, Gabriela Kratošová, Karla Čech Barabaszová, Ladislav Ducsay, Elena Aydın

Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Nanotechnology offers new opportunities for the development of novel materials and strategies that improve technology and industry. This applies especially to agriculture, and our previous field studies have indicated that zinc oxide nanoparticles provide promising nano-fertilizer dispersion in sustainable agriculture. However, little is known about the precise ZnO-NP effects on legumes. Herein, 1 mg·L⁻¹ ZnO-NP spray was dispersed on lentil plants to establish the direct NP effects on lentil production, seed nutritional quality, and stress response under field conditions. Although ZnO-NP exposure positively affected yield, thousand-seed weight and the number of pods per plant, there was no statistically significant …

Inverse Modeling Of Atmospheric Ch4 And Δ13C-Ch4 Measurements From Surface Observation Sites To Understand Trends In Global Methane Emissions Over More Than Three Decades, Sayantani Karmakar

Dissertations and Theses

Methane (CH₄) is the second most important greenhouse gas with a radiative forcing of 0.97 W/m² including both direct and indirect effects and a global warming potential of 28 over a 100-year time horizon. Unlike CO₂ whose rate of growth in the atmosphere has remained positive and increased in recent decades, the behavior of atmospheric methane is considerably more complex and is much less understood on account of the spatiotemporal variability of its emissions which include biogenic (e.g., wetlands, ruminants, rice agriculture), thermogenic (fossil fuels), and pyrogenic (i.e., biomass burning) sources. After sustained growth during most …

Me2b Alliance Validation Testing Report: Consumer Perception Of Legal Policies In Digital Technology, Noreen Y. Whysel, Karina Alexanyan, Shaun Spaulting, Julia Little

Publications and Research

Our relationship with technology involves legal agreements that we either review or enter into when using a technology, namely privacy policies and terms of service or terms of use (“TOS/TOU”). We initiated this research to understand if providing a formal rating of the legal policies (privacy policies and TOS/TOUs) would be valuable to consumers (or Me-s). From our early qualitative discussions, we noticed that people were unclear on whether these policies were legally binding contracts or not. Thus, a secondary objective emerged to quantitatively explore whether people knew who these policies protected (if anyone), and if the policies were perceived …

Changes In Crude Protein And Fiber Contents Of Small Grain Cereals For Forage Over Time, J. L. Zaragoza-Ramirez, N. Zayago-Ramos, P. A. Martinez-Hernandez

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Oat, triticale, wheat and barley are small grain cereals used as forage in many temperate Mexican regions. The objective was to determine crude protein and van Soest fiber contents of these forages cut at 80, 96, 108, 121, 138 and 153 days after seeding. Cultivars used were: Chihuahua (OC) for oat; Arne (TA), Bicentenario (TB) and Siglo XXI (TS) for triticale; Saturno (WS) for wheat; and San Marcos (BSM) for barley. Experiment was under greenhouse conditions from November 2015 to May 2016. Crude protein (CP), neutral (NDF) and acid (ADF) detergents fibers were determined on the forage harvested at each …

Collection Priorities Of Pasture Genetic Resources In The Paniceae Native To South Africa, F. L. Müller, M. Trytsman, E. L. Masemola, M. I. Kgonothi, N. R. Mkhize, T. J. Tjelele

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There is an urgent need for the prioritization and ex situ conservation of pasture grass species. Many pasture grasses are still in the process of domestication and grasslands in the tropical, subtropical, semi-arid and arid regions of the world are therefore a major source of genetic material for future forage improvement. Within South Africa, it was found that the Paniceae contains several species with high pasture value and that many populations of these species are found in water-limited environments. Therefore, it was proposed that a strategy be developed for the South African National Forage Genebank to prioritize efforts to collect …

Changes In Defoliation Patterns Of Plant Functional Groups Under Variable Herbage Allowance In Campos Grasslands, N. Caram, F. Casalás, Pablo Soca, M. Wallau, M. Cadenazzi, P. Boggiano

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Several studies have evaluated separately forage production, botanical composition, leaf traits and animal performance. However, few of them have focused on defoliation patterns at the level of functional groups (FGs) under different and variable herbage allowance (HA), especially in natural, diverse grasslands. The objective was to evaluate the relationship between HA and leaf traits on defoliation patterns of mature beef cows in the autumn, winter and spring. We evaluated the grazing probability (GP), intensity of defoliation (ID), and leaf traits on 14 species that represent more than 80% of total dry matter of the pasture. The experiment at which we …

Deep Learning-Based Quality Assessment Of Clinical Protocol Adherence In Fetal Ultrasound Dating Scans, Sevim Cengiz, Mohammad Yaqub

Computer Vision Faculty Publications

To assess fetal health during pregnancy, doctors use the gestational age (GA) calculation based on the Crown Rump Length (CRL) measurement in order to check for fetal size and growth trajectory. However, GA estimation based on CRL, requires proper positioning of calipers on the fetal crown and rump view, which is not always an easy plane to find, especially for an inexperienced sonographer. Finding a slightly oblique view from the true CRL view could lead to a different CRL value and therefore incorrect estimation of GA. This study presents an AI-based method for a quality assessment of the CRL view …