Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Polyphenol Concentration Of Native Plant Species, And Its Effect On Blood Antioxidant Capacity In Grazing Cattle In A Species-Rich Vegetation In Japan, S. Ogura, A. Tamura, H. Kakihara, T. Shishido, K. Shimoda

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

It is known that polyphenols in plants have a high antioxidant capacity. However, there is scarce information on its concentration in native plants and the effect of antioxidant capacity to grazing animals. In this study, polyphenol concentration of available plants was investigated in a species-rich grazing area in north-eastern district of Japan. In addition, polyphenol concentration in blood serum of grazing cattle was also measured. Eight beef cows grazed in a grazing area (hill pasture 3.1 ha; forest 16.9 ha) from late spring to mid-autumn (142 days), and four cows among the eight grazed at an orchardgrass pasture in mid-summer …

Metabolic Features Of Brain Function With Relevance To Clinical Features Of Alzheimer And Parkinson Diseases, David Allan Butterfield, Maria Favia, Iolanda Spera, Annalisa Campanella, Martina Lanza, Alessandra Castegna

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Brain metabolism is comprised in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Since the brain primarily relies on metabolism of glucose, ketone bodies, and amino acids, aspects of these metabolic processes in these disorders—and particularly how these altered metabolic processes are related to oxidative and/or nitrosative stress and the resulting damaged targets—are reviewed in this paper. Greater understanding of the decreased functions in brain metabolism in AD and PD is posited to lead to potentially important therapeutic strategies to address both of these disorders, which cause relatively long-lasting decreased quality of life in patients.

Performance Of Lora-Wan Sensors For Precision Livestock Tracking And Biosensing Applications, S. Nyamuryekung’E, Andrés F. Cibils, R. E. Estell, M. Funk, M. M. Mcintosh, A. Cox, S. A. Utsumi, H. Cao, L. Boucheron, Q. Gong, H. Chen, S. Spiegal, G. Duff, V. Gouvea, C. B. Brandani

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This study investigated the integration of Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRa WAN) communication technology and sensors for use as Internet of Things (IoT) platform for Precision Livestock-Farming (PLF) applications. The research was conducted at New Mexico State University’s Clayton Livestock Research Centre. The functionality of LoRA WAN communication technology and performance of LoRa WAN motion and GPS sensors were tested using static sensors that were placed either, a) outdoors and at incremental distances from the LoRa WAN gateway antenna (Field, n=6), or b) housed indoors and close to the same LoRa WAN gateway antenna (Indoor, n=5). Accelerometer data, reported …

Pasture Management Relevant Behaviour Of Yaks (Bosgrunniens), O. Kaufmann, A. Tolebekova

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

After a decline in yak populations in Central Asia, efforts have been made for several years to rebuild them. In that context, the ecological demands of the alpine landscape must be taken into account. The aim of the studies was to analyse the behaviour of yak cows in short time intervals and to deduce which sub-areas the yaks prefer more or less strongly, which altitudes in the mountains the animals visit in the course of a year, which distances they cover in summer and winter and which factors influence their grazing behaviour. The investigations were carried out on yaks in …

Herbage And Livestock Responses For N-Fertilized And Grass-Legume Grazing Systems, D. M. Jaramillo, José C. B. Dubeux Jr., L. M. D. Queiroz, L. Garcia, E. R. S. Santos

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Forage legumes provide an alternative N source in grazing systems. The objective was to evaluate plant and animal responses in N-fertilized or grass-legume-based systems under continuous stocking during winter and summer, from 2016-2019. The three treatments consisted of year-round forage systems including winter and summer forage components. The first system (Grass+N) included N-fertilized (112 kg N ha^-1 yr^-1) ‘Argentine’ bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) pastures during the summer, overseeded with a mixture (56 kg ha^-1 of each) of ‘FL 401’ cereal rye (Secale cereale) and ‘RAM’ oat (Avena sativa) during winter with …

New Forms Of Pastoral Mobility Among Sheep Herders In The Algerian Steppe; The Case Of Pastoralists Of Djelfa, Dihia Gaci, Jean-Pierre Boutonnet

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The recent socio-economic, political and climatic changes experienced by the Algerian steppe for the last decades have led to profound changes in pastoral mobility practices. This study describes the new mobility practices as currently adopted by the breeders of the Djelfa region. The realization of 59 semi-directive surveys was conducted between 2014 and 2016 among breeders in different reception areas. Practices related to the distance travelled during an annual cycle, the transhumance calendar and itinerary and the passage or not in the homeland are diverse. These practices of mobility can vary from one year to another or during the life …

Conditional Contrastive Learning With Kernel, Yao Hung Hubert Tsai, Tianqin Li, Martin Q. Ma, Han Zhao, Kun Zhang, Louis Philippe Morency, Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Machine Learning Faculty Publications

Conditional contrastive learning frameworks consider the conditional sampling procedure that constructs positive or negative data pairs conditioned on specific variables. Fair contrastive learning constructs negative pairs, for example, from the same gender (conditioning on sensitive information), which in turn reduces undesirable information from the learned representations; weakly supervised contrastive learning constructs positive pairs with similar annotative attributes (conditioning on auxiliary information), which in turn are incorporated into the representations. Although conditional contrastive learning enables many applications, the conditional sampling procedure can be challenging if we cannot obtain sufficient data pairs for some values of the conditioning variable. This paper presents …

Adarl: What, Where, And How To Adapt In Transfer Reinforcement Learning, Biwei Huang, Fan Feng, Chaochao Lu, Sara Magliacane, Kun Zhang

Machine Learning Faculty Publications

One practical challenge in reinforcement learning (RL) is how to make quick adaptations when faced with new environments. In this paper, we propose a principled framework for adaptive RL, called AdaRL, that adapts reliably and efficiently to changes across domains with a few samples from the target domain, even in partially observable environments. Specifically, we leverage a parsimonious graphical representation that characterizes structural relationships over variables in the RL system. Such graphical representations provide a compact way to encode what and where the changes across domains are, and furthermore inform us with a minimal set of changes that one has …

Learning Temporally Causal Latent Processes From General Temporal Data, Weiran Yao, Yuewen Sun, Alex Ho, Changyin Sun, Kun Zhang

Machine Learning Faculty Publications

Our goal is to recover time-delayed latent causal variables and identify their relations from measured temporal data. Estimating causally-related latent variables from observations is particularly challenging as the latent variables are not uniquely recoverable in the most general case. In this work, we consider both a nonparametric, nonstationary setting and a parametric setting for the latent processes and propose two provable conditions under which temporally causal latent processes can be identified from their nonlinear mixtures. We propose LEAP, a theoretically-grounded framework that extends Variational AutoEncoders (VAEs) by enforcing our conditions through proper constraints in causal process prior. Experimental results on …

Assessing Feature Representations For Instance-Based Cross-Domain Anomaly Detection In Cloud Services Univariate Time Series Data, Rahul Agrahari, Matthew Nicholson, Clare Conran, Haytham Assem, John D. Kelleher

Articles

In this paper, we compare and assess the efficacy of a number of time-series instance feature representations for anomaly detection. To assess whether there are statistically significant differences between different feature representations for anomaly detection in a time series, we calculate and compare confidence intervals on the average performance of different feature sets across a number of different model types and cross-domain time-series datasets. Our results indicate that the catch22 time-series feature set augmented with features based on rolling mean and variance performs best on average, and that the difference in performance between this feature set and the next best …

Surveillance Of Rnase P, Pmmov, And Crassphage In Wastewater As Indicators Of Human Fecal Concentration Across Urban Sewer Neighborhoods, Kentucky., Rochelle H. Holm, M. Nagarkar, R. A. Yeager, D. Talley, A. C. Chaney, J. P. Rai, A. Mukherjee, S. N. Rai, A. Bhatnagar, Ted Smith

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

Wastewater surveillance has been widely used as a supplemental method to track the community infection levels of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. A gap exists in standardized reporting for fecal indicator concentrations, which can be used to calibrate the primary outcome concentrations from wastewater monitoring for use in epidemiological models. To address this, measurements of fecal indicator concentration among wastewater samples collected from sewers and treatment centers in four counties of Kentucky (N = 650) were examined. Results from the untransformed wastewater data over 4 months of sampling indicated that the fecal indicator concentration of human ribonuclease P (RNase …

Perspectives Of Orthodontists Of The Diagnosis, Prevention, And Management Of White Spot Lesions: A Qualitative Study, Salwa Taibah, Neamat Hassan Abubakr Hassan, Hassan Ziada

Dental Medicine Faculty Research

Aims: Several factors influence the development of white spot lesions (WSLs), and one of these is fixed orthodontic appliances. This study aims to evaluate the awareness, preventive strategies, and management of WSLs among a group of Orthodontists. Materials and Methods: A qualitative methodology was applied; four focus groups made up a purposive sample from Orthodontists with various training backgrounds while working within the same healthcare services. Results: Three main themes emerged: awareness and ability to diagnose WSLs, perceived influences on the development of WSLs, and prevention and management strategies and barriers to care delivery. All focus groups agreed that there …

Determination Of Dissociation Constants Of Protein Ligands By Thermal Shift Assay, Jaina A. Bhayani, Miguel Ballicora

Chemistry: Faculty Publications and Other Works

The thermal shift assay (TSA) is a powerful tool used to detect molecular interactions between proteins and ligands. Using temperature as a physical denaturant and an extrinsic fluorescent dye, the TSA tracks protein unfolding. This method precisely determines the midpoint of the unfolding transition (Tm" role="presentation">), which can shift upon the addition of a ligand. Though experimental protocols have been well developed, the thermal shift assay data traditionally yielded qualitative results. Quantitative methods for Kd" role="presentation"> determination relied either on empirical and inaccurate usage of Tm" role="presentation"> or on isothermal approaches, which do not take full advantage of the …

Assessing Feature Representations For Instance-Based Cross-Domain Anomaly Detection In Cloud Services Univariate Time Series Data, Rahul Agrahari, Matthew Nicholson, Clare Conran, Haythem Assem, John D. Kelleher

Articles

In this paper, we compare and assess the efficacy of a number of time-series instance feature representations for anomaly detection. To assess whether there are statistically significant differences between different feature representations for anomaly detection in a time series, we calculate and compare confidence intervals on the average performance of different feature sets across a number of different model types and cross-domain time-series datasets. Our results indicate that the catch22 time-series feature set augmented with features based on rolling mean and variance performs best on average, and that the difference in performance between this feature set and the next best …

Data Validating The Use Of Rubidium As A Non-Radioactive Tracer For The Localised Proliferation Of Wheat Roots In Acidic Or Limed Subsoil, Paul M. Damon, Gaus Azam, Chris Gazey, Craig Scanlan, Zed Rengel

Grain and Other Field Crops Research Articles

Existing technologies for lime (CaCO3) incorporation into acidic field soils result in the heterogeneous distribution of limed and acidic soil sections. In a study characterising the response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to the amendment of an acidic soil profile with vertically limed slots[1], elucidation of the dynamics of root proliferation within the acidic and limed soil sections was a prerequisite to understanding the mechanisms driving the above-ground responses. Rubidium (Rb) has been used widely as a non-radioactive tracer for root activity[2] in soil. However, the contrasting pH in a heterogeneously limed soil profile and related aluminium toxicity effects …

Pastoralism, Social, Gender, And Policy Issues, Nahid Naghizadeh

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Nearly half of the Earth's land surface is classified as rangelands. Rangeland's health and productivity are directly critical to the livelihoods, cultures, and resilience of more than 500 million people worldwide, many of whom are indigenous peoples who depend on rangelands. Pastoralism is very diverse; it can be found in all continents, from the drylands of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula to the highlands of Asia and Latin America, or the tundra in the circumpolar zones, and in particular where crop cultivation is physically limited. Pastoralism supports several hundred million households worldwide and manages one billion animals, including camels, cattle, …

Ecological Science Infrastructure For Sustainability Transformations In Rangelands, Brandon T. Bestelmeyer, J. E. Herrick, J. R. Brown, D. M. Browning, B. Densambuu, E. Elias, S. E. Mccord, H. R. Peinetti, S. Spiegal, N. P. Webb, J. C. Williamson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Sustainability transformations—deliberate and radical shifts in values, governance, and management regimes to achieve sustainability—are needed in rangelands as in other components of the Earth system. We review four concepts comprising an ecological science infrastructure to support such transformations. The foundation is standard measurement of rangeland conditions in the field, especially vegetation and soil properties that underpin the environmental aspects of sustainability. Big data resources, especially gridded spatial datasets produced by models and remote sensing, can be combined with field data and computational approaches to upscale information about rangeland conditions and produce additional indicators of ecosystem functions and services. State and …

Annual Ryegrass Pasture For Dairy Cows Receiving Total Mixed Ration, M. Civiero, L. H. Schaitz, C. P. Ferris, Henrique M. N. Ribeiro-Filho

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The inclusion of herbage in the diet of medium yielding dairy cows offered a total mixed ration (TMR) may be beneficial. This study, which involved mid lactation dairy cows, examined the effect of partial replacement of a TMR with annual temperate pasture. Treatments were ad libitum TMR (TMR₁₀₀), 75% ad libitum TMR + ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum ‘Maximus’) (TMR₇₅), and 50% ad libitum TMR + ryegrass (TMR₅₀). Twelve multiparous Holstein and F1 Jersey × Holstein cows were divided into six homogeneous groups, taking account of milk production (26.6 ± 4.5 kg/day), days in milk …

A Guava-Based Hortipasture System For Mitigating Climate Change And Sustaining Fodder & Fruit Supply In Semi-Arid Regions Of India, Kamini Gautam, Sunil Kumar, Amit Kumar Singh, Avijit Ghosh, Manjanagouda S. S., R. V. Kumar

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Hortipasture systems have huge potential to mitigate climate change via sequestering carbon along with sustaining fodder and fruit supply especially in semi-arid regions. Therefore to evaluate climate change mitigation, fruit and fodder production potential of 10 year old rainfed based Hortipasture system (Psidium guajava (Guava) + Cenchrus ciliaris + Stylosanthes hamata) established at Central Research Farm of ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute (Bundelkhand region, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India), carbon stock of tree and under storey pasture components was quantified along with fruit and forage production. The experimental site is drought prone semi arid region characterized by poor …

Free-Enterprise Farming On Grasslands In Central Nsw, Australia, Des Green, Stuart Green, Ted Wolfe, Jo Richardson, Rob Eccles

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A pathway is described in developing and improving the pastures on family-owned sheep and beef properties at sites near Blayney in central NSW. Initially, the twin approach of sowing perennial grasses, predominantly phalaris (Phalaris aquatica) with subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) plus the recommended addition of superphosphate fertiliser, was closely followed but within a decade ill-thrift in pastures and livestock occurred. Once the core problem of soil acidity was recognised, steps were taken to overcome this constraint with applications of lime. However, an additional modification involving the application of gypsum with lime had to be sorted out …

Guano-Derived Morphologies And Associated Minerals Found In Cova De Sa Guitarreta, Llucmajor, Balearics, Antonio Merino Juncadella, Joan J. Fornós, Antoni Mulet, Joaquín Ginés

International Journal of Speleology

Cova de sa Guitarreta is located in the southern part of Mallorca Island (western Mediterranean). It was formed presumably by hypogenic processes in Upper Miocene reefal calcarenites. The cave hosts an important breeding colony of bats during the end of spring and early summer. Its microclimate is influenced by the presence of a thermal phreatic water table (27.7ºC) as well as by bat populations remaining in the cave along the reproductive season. The morphological bat-related features include bat claws and thumb marks scratches, together with several morphologies linked to bat excreta and aggressive leachates from guano. From the mineralogical point …

Water Insecurity, Water Borrowing, And Psychosocial Stress Among Daasanach Pastoralists In Northern Kenya, Leslie Ford, Hilary J. Bethancourt, Zane Swanson, Rosemary Nzunza, Amber Wutich, Alexandra Brewis, Sera Young, David Almeida, Matthew J. Douglass, Emmanuel K. Ndiema, David R. Braun, Herman Pontzer, Asher Y. Rosinger

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

This article quantifies Daasanach water insecurity experiences in Northern Kenya, examines how water insecurity is associated with water borrowing and psychosocial stress, and evaluates if water borrowing mitigates the stress from water insecurity. Of 133 households interviewed in 7 communities, 95% were water insecure and 74.4% borrowed water three or more times in the prior month. Regression analyses demonstrate water borrowing frequency moderates the relationship between water insecurity and psychosocial stress. Only those who rarely or never borrowed water reported greater stress with higher water insecurity. The coping mechanism of water borrowing may help blunt water insecurity-related stress.

The Power Of First-Order Smooth Optimization For Black-Box Non-Smooth Problems, Alexander V. Gasnikov., Anton Novitskii, Vasilii Novitskii, Farshed Abdukhakimov, Dmitry Kamzolov, Aleksandr Beznosikov, Martin Takáč, Pavel Dvurechensky, Bin Gu

Machine Learning Faculty Publications

Gradient-free/zeroth-order methods for black-box convex optimization have been extensively studied in the last decade with the main focus on oracle calls complexity. In this paper, besides the oracle complexity, we focus also on iteration complexity, and propose a generic approach that, based on optimal first-order methods, allows to obtain in a black-box fashion new zeroth-order algorithms for non-smooth convex optimization problems. Our approach not only leads to optimal oracle complexity, but also allows to obtain iteration complexity similar to first-order methods, which, in turn, allows to exploit parallel computations to accelerate the convergence of our algorithms. We also elaborate on …

Security, Trust And Privacy For Cloud, Fog And Internet Of Things, Chien-Ming Chen, Shehzad Ashraf Chaudhry, Kuo-Hui Yeh, Muhammad Naveed Aman

School of Computing: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Interplay Between Education And Identity: Inter Caste Marriages, Gendered Stream Choice And Caste Peer Effects., Komal Sahai Dr.

Doctoral Theses

No abstract provided.

On Class Imbalanced Learning:Design Of Non-Parametricclassifiers, Performance Indices, And Deep Oversampling Strategies., Sankha Mullick Dr.

Doctoral Theses

The relevance of classification is almost endless in the everyday application of machine learning. However, the performance of a classifier is only limited to the fulfillment of the inherent assumptions it makes about the training examples. For example, to facilitate unbiased learning a classifier is expected to be trained with an equal number of labeled data instances from all of the classes. However, in a large number of practical applications such as anomaly detection, semantic segmentation, disease prediction, etc. it may not be possible to gather an equal number of diverse training points for all the classes. This results in …

Blood Flow Restriction Training After Patellar Instability (Brains Trial), Benjamin D. Brightwell, Austin V. Stone, Xiaojuan Li, Peter A. Hardy, Katherine L. Thompson, Brian W. Noehren, Cale A. Jacobs

Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine Faculty Publications

Background

Patellar instability is a common and understudied condition that disproportionally affects athletes and military personnel. The rate of post-traumatic osteoarthritis that develops following a patellar dislocation can be up to 50% of individuals 5–15 years after injury. Conservative treatment is the standard of care for patellar instability however, there are no evidence-informed rehabilitation guidelines in the scientific literature. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of blood-flow restriction training (BFRT) for patellar instability. Our hypotheses are that this strategy will improve patient-reported outcomes and accelerate restoration of symmetric strength and knee biomechanics necessary to safely return …

Mathematical Formulations For Complex Resource Scheduling Problems., T. R. Lalita Dr.

Doctoral Theses

This thesis deals with development of effective models for large scale real-world resource scheduling problems. Efficient utilization of resources is crucial for any organization or industry as resources are often scarce. Scheduling them in an optimal way can not only take care of the scarcity but has potential economic benefits. Optimal utilization of resources reduces costs and thereby provides a competitive edge in the business world. Resources can be of different types such as human (personnel-skilled and unskilled), financial(budgets), materials, infrastructures(airports and seaports with designed facilities, windmills, warehouses’ area, hotel rooms etc) and equipment (microprocessors, cranes, machinery, aircraft simulators for …

A Flexible Enzymeless Glucose Sensor Via Electrodepositing 3d Flower-Like Cos Onto Self-Supporting Graphene Tape Electrode, Jiang Li, Zuo-Peng Li, Yun-Feng Bai, Su-Xing Luo, Yong Guo, Ya-Yan Bao, Rong Li, Hai-Yan Liu, Feng Feng

Journal of Electrochemistry

Three-dimensional (3D) nanostructural Flower-like cobalt sulfide (CoS) on flexible self-supporting graphene tape electrode (GTE) with remarkably electrocatalytic activity toward glucose was successfully prepared by electrodeposition. Structural characterizations revealed that the electrodeposited CoS was highly dispersed on GTE as an active material. The fabricated binder-free and self-standing CoS/GTE shows a good linear response in the range of 0.025 ~ 1.0 mmol·L^-1, reaching a high glucose sensitivity value of 323.3 μA·(mmol·L ^-1)^-1·cm^-2 and a low detection limit of 8.5 μmol·L ^-1 (S/N = 3). Moreover, the as-prepared sensor was well applied for glucose …

A New Matroid Lift Construction And An Application To Group-Labeled Graphs, Zach Walsh

Faculty Publications

A well-known result of Brylawski constructs an elementary lift of a matroid M from a linear class of circuits of M. We generalize this result by constructing a rank-k lift of M from a rank-k matroid on the set of circuits of M. We conjecture that every lift of M arises via this construction. We then apply this result to group-labeled graphs, generalizing a construction of Zaslavsky. Given a graph G with edges labeled by a group, Zaslavsky's lift matroid K is an elementary lift of the graphic matroid M(G) that respects the group-labeling; specifically, the cycles of G that …