Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Mgrre_Thinsections_Mgrre-61_15, Mgrre

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Mgrre_Thinsections_Mgrre-06_07, Mgrre

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Mgrre_Thinsections_Mgrre-06_08, Mgrre

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Mgrre_Thinsections_Mgrre-6_002, Mgrre

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Mgrre_Thinsections_Mgrre-06_10, Mgrre

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Mgrre_Thinsections_Mgrre-61_2, Mgrre

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Allosteric Determinants Of The Sars-Cov-2 Spike Protein Binding With Nanobodies: Examining Mechanisms Of Mutational Escape And Sensitivity Of The Omicron Variant, Gennady M. Verkhivker

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Structural and biochemical studies have recently revealed a range of rationally engineered nanobodies with efficient neutralizing capacity against the SARS-CoV-2 virus and resilience against mutational escape. In this study, we performed a comprehensive computational analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer complexes with single nanobodies Nb6, VHH E, and complex with VHH E/VHH V nanobody combination. We combined coarse-grained and all-atom molecular simulations and collective dynamics analysis with binding free energy scanning, perturbation-response scanning, and network centrality analysis to examine mechanisms of nanobody-induced allosteric modulation and cooperativity in the SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer complexes with these nanobodies. By quantifying energetic and allosteric …

Outvoice: Bringing Transparency To Healthcare, Autumn Clark

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Industries are not incentivized to price reasonably and spend responsibly if consumers do not have the ability to shop around within that industry, and shopping around is not possible without pricing transparency (knowing how much a good or service costs before purchasing it). But in the healthcare industry, we typically default to whichever clinic or hospital is closest, with no prior knowledge of what costs we can expect to incur at that particular institution. According to a poll published by Harvard University, nine out of ten Americans feel the healthcare industry is too opaque and greater transparency is needed.

We …

Adverse Events Reporting Of Clinical Trials In Exercise Oncology Research (Advance): Protocol For A Scoping Review, Hao Luo, Oliver Schumacher, Daniel A. Galvão, Robert U. Newton, Dennis R. Taaffe

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction: Adequate, transparent, and consistent reporting of adverse events (AEs) in exercise oncology trials is critical to assess the safety of exercise interventions for people following a cancer diagnosis. However, there is little understanding of how AEs are reported in exercise oncology trials. Thus, we propose to conduct a scoping review to summarise and evaluate current practice of reporting of AEs in published exercise oncology trials with further exploration of factors associated with inadequate reporting of AEs. The study findings will serve to inform the need for future research on standardisation of the definition, collection, and reporting of AEs for …

Planning For Resilience And Equity Through Accessible Community Technology: A Research Agenda, Christina Rosan, Megan Heckert

Sustainability Research & Practice Seminar Presentations

Professor Christina Rosan, Temple University Department of Geography and Urban Studies, and Professor Megan Heckert, Geography & Planning - Planning for Resilience and Equity through Accessible Community Technology: A Research Agenda

Visualizing Connectivity For Wildlife In A World Without Roads, Catherine De Rivera, Leslie Bliss-Ketchum, Martin Lafrenz, A. V. Hanson, L. E. Mckinney-Wise, A. H. Rodriguez, J. Schultz, Alana Simmons, D. Taylor Rodriguez, Multiple Additional Authors

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

Roads are not the only determining factor for wildlife movement across the landscape, but due to the extensive distribution of the road network their impact can be dramatic. Although it has been well documented that roads decrease habitat connectivity for wildlife due to animal-vehicle collisions, habitat fragmentation, and avoidance behavior, approaches for identifying connectivity across the landscape often do not fully examine the barrier effect of roads. Here, we explored the extent of the impact of roadways on wildlife connectivity by using Omniscape to model connectivity including and without the barrier effect of roads, then evaluating the difference between these …

Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) 2022 Final Data Management Plan (Dated February 2022), Josh Bryson

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Rethinking Sampled-Data Control For Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Xinkai Zhang, Justin M. Bradley

School of Computing: Faculty Publications

Unmanned aircraft systems are expected to provide both increasingly varied functionalities and outstanding application performances, utilizing the available resources. In this paper, we explore the recent advances and challenges at the intersection of real-time computing and control and show how rethinking sampling strategies can improve performance and resource utilization. We showcase a novel design framework, cyber-physical co-regulation, which can efficiently link together computational and physical characteristics of the system, increasing robust performance and avoiding pitfalls of event-triggered sampling strategies. A comparison experiment of different sampling and control strategies was conducted and analyzed. We demonstrate that co-regulation has resource savings similar …

Spatial Downscaling Of Goes-R Land Surface Temperature Over Urban Regions: A Case Study For New York City, Abdou Bah, Hamidreza Norouzi, Satya Prakash, Reginald Blake, Reza Khanbilvardi, Cynthia Rosenzweig

Publications and Research

The surface urban heat island (SUHI) effect is among the major environmental issues encountered in urban regions. To better predict the dynamics of the SUHI and its impacts on extreme heat events, an accurate characterization of the surface energy balance in urban regions is needed. However, the ability to improve understanding of the surface energy balance is limited by the heterogeneity of surfaces in urban areas. This study aims to enhance the understanding of the urban surface energy budget through an innovation in the use of land surface temperature (LST) observations from remote sensing satellites. A LST database with 5–min …

Evaluation Of Herbage Intake Estimation Methods For Dairy Cattle Grazing On Semi-Extensive Pastures, S. Perdana-Decker, E. Velasco, J. Werner, U. Dickhoefer

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Available empirical and mechanistic models to estimate total dry matter intake (DMI) and pasture dry matter intake (PDMI) of grazing lactating dairy cows have mainly been developed under intensive grazing conditions. The objective was to evaluate the adequacy of such existent models for use under semi-extensive grazing conditions, characterised by semi-natural grassland and less intensive resource use. Feed intake of lactating cows was measured on three commercial organic dairy farms in South Germany during one or two 6-d-periods/farm in 2019. Each period, DMI was determined in 10 or 20 cows per farm from their daily faecal output measured using titanium …

Tracing The Path Of Technology Diffusion: The Case Of Nturumenti, Narok, Kenya, Paul N. Katiku, R. Kimitei, S. Amboga, G. A. Keya, B. Korir, J. Nginyi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

An array of technologies; growing improved wheat varieties, bulking and collective marketing of wheat grains, sheep breed improvement, ram sharing, feedlot sheep fattening for market, strategic sheep deworming, pasture establishment and conservation practices; were introduced to members of a community based organization (CBO) in Nturumenti, anti-female genital mutilation and anti-poverty organization (AFAPO) in 2014. The CBO members, composed of youthful 19 men and 7 females, were intensively exposed and involved in the new skills both theoretically and practically in the farmers’ field school model. Even though the 8 farming technology options were suitable for the study environment, their adoption and …

The Use Of Sunn Hemp As Forage In Florida, João M. B. Vendramini, J. E. Garzon Alfonso, H. M. Da Silva, Maria L. Silveira, J. C. B. Dubeux Jr., M. Kaneko

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) is a warm-season annual legume that has been widely used as cover crop; however, there is potential to use sunn hemp as forage in subtropical regions. The objective of this study was to evaluate management practices to improve the efficiency of using sunn hemp as a forage crop. The study was conducted in Ona, Florida, USA from 2016 to 2018 and tested the factorial arrangement of five sunn hemp genotypes (Crescent Sunn, Ubon, Blue Leaf, and AU Golden) and two harvest times (60 d after seeding or flowering) with four replicates. There was a …

The Optimum Seeding And Harvesting Dates Of Sorghum-Sudangrass Hybrid (Sorghum Bicolor L.) Via Optimum Moving Response Surface Methodology, M. Kim, J. Y. Kim, M. H. Jo, C. H. Kim, K. Sung

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This study aimed to detect the optimum seeding and harvesting dates, and to verify the variation of dry matter yield (DMY) for sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (SSH) via optimum moving RSM proposed to optimize the RSM in metadata. For detecting the optimum point, a response surface methodology (RSM) has been known well in agricultural science. The SSH metadata (n = 856) consists of individual experiments that could be performed to check the optimum seeding and harvesting dates by classic RSM. However, the SSH metadata failed to produce an effective single equation which can be detected the optimum seeding and harvesting dates due …

The Importance Of Soil Seed Bank Dynamics As Potential Indicators Of Desertification Tipping Point, N. Hamunyela, W. C. Nesongano, K. Tielbörger

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Soil seed banks play a major role in the vegetation dynamics of drylands, where annual rainfall is unpredictable and plants depend on a persistent stage (seeds) to survive over the dry season. The purpose of the study is to understand the behaviour of the rangeland system in terms of soil seed bank dynamics before, during and after crossing the “so called” DTP and to determine whether different management systems plays a role in accelerating the desertification process. Through the use of the Space for Time Substitution Approach the study analysed spatial grazing gradients (gradients radiating from water points) to predict …

The Influence Of Legume Species On The Productivity And Quality Of Multi-Species Swards In Four Production Years, A. Adamovics, I. Gutmane

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Latvia’s farms, the use of multicomponent grass–legume mixtures is a traditional practice, because swards can secure good persistence and stable productivity. Red clover Trifolium pratense (Tp) and lucerne Medicago sativa (Ms) are traditional forage crops, but fodder galega Galega orientalis (Go) is grown for a relatively short period. Field trials were carried out with the aim to investigate forage yield and quality during four production years of sown legume–grass swards. Mixtures were composed of 50% legumes and 50% grasses (G). Swards were cut three times during the vegetation season. Significant differences in dry matter (DM) yield were found between …

Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized By Nd: Yag Laser Ablation Technique: Characterization And Antibacterial Activity, Sahar Naji Rashid Msc., Kadhim A. Aadim Ph.D., Awatif Sabir Jasim Ph.D.

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) technique can produce high purity nanoparticles, it is a top-down physical method based on the principle of dividing metal ion bulk precursors into metal atoms, this method was used in this work to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgPNs) by using Nd: YAG laser with two wavelengths (355 nm) and (532 nm) at energies (500 mJ) and (600 mJ) respectively, with the number of pulses (500, 600, 700, 800, and 900 pulses) for each wavelength. The properties of the prepared nanoparticles were investigated by UV-Vis, XRD, SEM with EDX, AFM, and FTIR analysis and then …

Simulation And Improvement Of The Efficiency Of The Cfts Solar Cell Using Scaps-1d, Hardan T. Ghanem Dr., Ayed N. Saleh, Muaamer A. Kamil

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

A simulation of the AZO/i-ZnO/CdS/CFTS solar cell was carried out using SCAPS software. The results were obtained (Voc=0.55 V, Jsc=6.2 mA/cm², FF=39 %, ɳ=1.35 %). Simulation results were compared with experimental research and we got convergence in the results (Voc=0.56 V, Jsc=6.5 mA/cm², FF=37 %, ɳ=1.37 %). The simulated solar cell is improved by increasing the doping concentration and thickness of the buffer and absorption layers. The efficiency of the solar cell was improved to ɳ=4.29%, fill factor FF=52.92%, open circuit voltage Voc=0.74 V and short circuit current Jsc=10.8 mA/cm²

Molecular Characterization Of Wild Pleurotus Ostreatus (Mw457626) And Evaluation Of Β-Glucans Polysaccharide Activities, Ghazwan Q. Hasan Ph.D., Shimal Y. Abdulhadi Ph.D.

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Pleurotus ostreatus is a common cultivated edible mushroom worldwide. The fruiting bodies of P. ostreatus is a rich source of a β-glucans polysaccharide. The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of β-glucans as a natural polysaccharide produced by P. ostreatus as an antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer. The molecular identification of P. ostreatus isolate was confirmed by Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequence. The sequence alignment and phylogenetic evolutionary relationship of studied ITS sequence were performed against some deposited sequences in GenBank. The analysis of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as well as the result of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy …

Promoting Rangeland Restoration And Climate Resilience Through Grazing Case Studies, T. D. Hudson, S. A. Hall, G. G. Yorgey, S. Neibergs, M. R. Reeves, S. Jensen

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Cow-calf beef operations are the primary users of the 8.75 million hectares of rangelands in the U.S. Pacific Northwest and will have to adapt to ongoing and future climate change. Management directed toward current rangeland stressors which may be amplified under a changing climate—including fire risk, invasive plants, and droughts—is likely to improve future resilience. And although climate change discussions have become highly politicized, our experience suggests that Pacific Northwest ranchers support "no-regrets” strategies that provide ecological and economic benefits under a variety of future conditions. Our goal is to foster adoption of these strategies by sharing individual success stories. …

The Effects Of Microbial Inoculation On Short-To-Long Fermentation And Aerobic Stability Of Grass-Legume Silage Ensiled In Big Bales, J. Jatkauskas, V. Vrotniakiene, K. L. Witt, G. Copani, I. Eisner

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Wilted (35.9 % DM and 2.6% WSC) moderately difficult to ensile grass-legume mixture (red clover, alfalfa and timothy 50:20:30) was ensiled in cylindrical big bales (1.2 m hight and 1.2 m diameter) with a weight about 700 kg. The crop was ensiled for 8, 32 and 120 days with or without a microbial inoculation (SiloSolve^® FC containing Lactococcus lactis DSM 11037/1k2081 and Lactobacillus buchneri DSM 22501/1k20738 applied at 1.5×10⁵ CFU g^-1 forage). Ten bales per treatment were prepared for each fermentation period. After each period of ensiling the big bales were opened, sampled, and tested for fermentation …

Strategies To Decrease Management Inputs And Improve Quality Of Tripsacum For Fodder Production And Ecosystem Services, Jesse Ira Morrison

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Species and biotypes of the genus Tripsacum include: eastern gamagrass (T. dactyloides) in North and Central America; Guatemala grass (T. fasciculatum syn. T. andersonii) in Latin America and the West Indies; and wide-leaf gamagrass (T. latifolium) throughout Mesoamerica. Of these, Guatemala grass has become widely popular throughout the tropics as a fodder plant and for its benefits related to environmental and ecosystem services. Guatemala grass is a hearty, long-lived perennial warm-season bunchgrass. Mature plants are somewhat shallow rooted, with short rhizomes, and produce robust foliage with leaf blades 10cm wide and 120cm long. The …

Spatial And Temporal Variation Of Stocking Rate In A Rotational Grazing System On A Namibian Cattle And Sheep Farm From 2006 To 2017, L. Ludwig, C. Huelsebusch

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The debate on appropriate stocking rates (SR) increasingly recognizes the importance of variable, targeted and adaptive stocking in response to a temporally variable and spatially heterogeneous resource distribution, particularly in challenging environments such as the Namibian savannah. In common extensive ranching systems, a farmer’s scope of action is often limited to flexibly adjusting the number and concentration of livestock to the available forage in space and time. SRs are commonly set according to carrying capacity recommendations which usually have a low spatio-temporal resolution. This may lead to punctual under- and overutilization. The Namibian Rangeland Management Strategy advocates adjusting SR in …

Cocoa: Context-Conditional Adaptation For Recognizing Unseen Classes In Unseen Domains, Puneet Mangla, Shivam Chandhok, Vineeth N. Balasubramanian, Fahad Shahbaz Khan

Computer Vision Faculty Publications

Recent progress towards designing models that can generalize to unseen domains (i.e domain generalization) or unseen classes (i.e zero-shot learning) has embarked interest towards building models that can tackle both domain-shift and semantic shift simultaneously (i.e zero-shot domain generalization). For models to generalize to unseen classes in unseen domains, it is crucial to learn feature representation that preserves class-level (domain-invariant) as well as domain-specific information. Motivated from the success of generative zero-shot approaches, we propose a feature generative framework integrated with a COntext COnditional Adaptive (COCOA) Batch-Normalization layer to seamlessly integrate class-level semantic and domain-specific information. The generated visual features …

Hubble Space Telescope Observations Of Ngc 253 Dwarf Satellites: Three Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxies, Burçin Mutlu-Pakdil, David J. Sand, Denija Crnojević, Michael G. Jones, Nelson Caldwell, Puragra Guhathakurta, Anil C. Seth, Joshua D. Simon, Kristine Spekkens, Jay Strader, Elisa Toloba

Pacific Faculty Work

We present deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging of five faint dwarf galaxies associated with the nearby spiral NGC 253 (D ≈ 3.5 Mpc). Three of these are newly discovered dwarf galaxies, while all five were found in the Panoramic Imaging Survey of Centaurus and Sculptor, a Magellan+Megacam survey to identify faint dwarfs and other substructures in resolved stellar light around massive galaxies outside of the Local Group. Our HST data reach ≲3 magnitudes below the tip of the red giant branch for each dwarf, allowing us to derive their distances, structural parameters, and luminosities. All five systems contain mostly …

Winning Against The Devil: A New Look Into The Angel Problem, Amelia I. Tristan

Honors Program Theses and Research Projects

The Angel Problem, first introduced in 1982, is a two-player combinatorial game played on an infinite playing field. These two players, named the angel and the devil, move around the playing field, with the devil trying to trap the angel and the angel evading capture. The problem of capturing the angel on the playing field resulted in many variants of the original game that attempt to solve this problem. In the spirit of these variants, this research focuses on a new type of angel and devil, named the duck and fox, respectively, both limited by a finite playing field, and …