Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Arduinoprog: Towards Automating Arduino Programming, Imam Nur Bani Yusuf, Diyanah Binte Abdul Jamal, Lingxiao Jiang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Writing code for Arduino poses unique challenges. A developer 1) needs hardware-specific knowledge about the interface configuration between the Arduino controller and the I/Ohardware, 2) identifies a suitable driver library for the I/O hardware, and 3) follows certain usage patterns of the driver library in order to use them properly. In this work, based on a study of real-world user queries posted in the Arduino forum, we propose ArduinoProg to address such challenges. ArduinoProg consists of three components, i.e., Library Retriever, Configuration Classifier, and Pattern Generator. Given a query, Library Retriever retrieves library names relevant to the I/O hardware identified …

A Learning‑Based Approach For Estimating Inertial Properties Of Unknown Objects From Encoder Discrepancies, Zizhou Lao, Yuanfeng Han, Yunshan Ma, Gregory S. Chirikjian

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Many robots utilize commercial force/torque sensors to identify inertial properties of unknown objects. However, such sensors can be difficult to apply to small-sized robots due to their weight, size, and cost. In this letter, we propose a learning-based approach for estimating the mass and center of mass (COM) of unknown objects without using force/torque sensors at the end effector or on the joints. In our method, a robot arm carries an unknown object as it moves through multiple discrete configurations. Measurements are collected when the robot reaches each discrete configuration and stops. A neural network then estimates joint torques from …

Personalized Fashion Outfit Generation With User Coordination Preference Learning, Yujuan Ding, P.Y. Mok, Yunshan Ma, Yi Bin

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

This paper focuses on personalized outfit generation, aiming to generate compatible fashion outfits catering to given users. Personalized recommendation by generating outfits of compatible items is an emerging task in the recommendation community with great commercial value but less explored. The task requires to explore both user-outfit personalization and outfit compatibility, any of which is challenging due to the huge learning space resulted from large number of items, users, and possible outfit options. To specify the user preference on outfits and regulate the outfit compatibility modeling, we propose to incorporate coordination knowledge in fashion. Inspired by the fact that users …

Are We Ready To Embrace Generative Ai For Software Q&A?, Bowen Xu, Thanh-Dat Nguyen, Thanh Le Cong, Thong Hoang, Jiakun Liu, Kisub Kim, Chen Gong, Changan Niu, Chenyu Wang, Xuan-Bach Dinh Le, David Lo

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Stack Overflow, the world's largest software Q&A (SQA) website, is facing a significant traffic drop due to the emergence of generative AI techniques. ChatGPT is banned by Stack Overflow after only 6 days from its release. The main reason provided by the official Stack Overflow is that the answers generated by ChatGPT are of low quality. To verify this, we conduct a comparative evaluation of human-written and ChatGPT-generated answers. Our methodology employs both automatic comparison and a manual study. Our results suggest that human-written and ChatGPT-generated answers are semantically similar, however, human-written answers outperform ChatGPT-generated ones consistently across multiple aspects, …

An End-To-End Cnn Approach For Enhancing Underwater Images Using Spatial And Frequency Domain Techniques, Dr Khaled Nagaty, Ayah Hesham Abo El Rejal, The British University In Egypt

Computer Science

Underwater image processing area has been a central point of interest to many people in many fields such as control of underwater vehicles, archaeology, marine biology research, etc. Underwater exploration is becoming a big part of our life such as underwater marine and creatures research, pipeline and communication logistics, military use, touristic and entertainment use. Underwater images are subject to poor visibility, distortion, poor quality, etc., due to several reasons such as light propagation. The real problem occurs when these images have to be taken at a depth which is more than 500 feet where artificial light needs to be …

Benewind: An Adaptive Benefit Win–Win Platform With Distributed Virtual Emotion Foundation, Hyunbum Kim, Jalel Ben-Othman

All Works

In recent decades, online platforms that use Web 3.0 have tremendously expanded their goods, services, and values to numerous applications thanks to its inherent advantages of convenience, service speed, connectivity, etc. Although online commerce and other relevant platforms have clear merits, offline-based commerce and payments are indispensable and should be activated continuously, because offline systems have intrinsic value for people. With the theme of benefiting all humankind, we propose a new adaptive benefit platform, called BeneWinD, which is endowed with strengths of online and offline platforms. Furthermore, a new currency for integrated benefits, the win–win digital currency, is used in …

Sentence Embedding Approach Using Lstm Auto-Encoder For Discussion Threads Summarization, Abdul Wali Khan, Feras Al-Obeidat, Afsheen Khalid, Adnan Amin, Fernando Moreira

All Works

Online discussion forums are repositories of valuable information where users interact and articulate their ideas and opinions, and share experiences about numerous topics. These online discussion forums are internet-based online communities where users can ask for help and find the solution to a problem. A new user of online discussion forums becomes exhausted from reading the significant number of irrelevant replies in a discussion. An automated discussion thread summarizing system (DTS) is necessary to create a candid view of the entire discussion of a query. Most of the previous approaches for automated DTS use the continuous bag of words (CBOW) …

Perceptions And Barriers To Adopting Artificial Intelligence In K-12 Education: A Survey Of Educators In Fifty States, Karen Woodruff, James Hutson, Kathryn Arnone

Faculty Scholarship

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is making significant strides in the field of education, offering new opportunities for personalized learning and access to education for a more diverse population. Despite this potential, the adoption of AI in K-12 education is limited, and educators’ express hesitancy towards its integration due to perceived technological barriers and misconceptions. The purpose of this study is to examine the perceptions of K-12 educators in all 50 states of the USA towards AI, policies, training, and resources related to technology and AI, their comfort with technology, willingness to adopt new technologies for classroom instruction, and needs assessment for …

Axion-Polaritons In The Magnetic Dual Chiral Density Wave Phase Of Dense Qcd, Efrain J. Ferrer, Vivian De La Incera

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

We investigate the propagation of electromagnetic radiation in the magnetic dual chiral density wave (MDCDW) phase of dense quark matter. Considering the theory of low-energy fluctuations in this phase, we show how linearly polarized photons reaching the MDCDW medium couple to the fluctuation field to produce two hybridized modes of propagation that we call in analogy with similar phenomenon in condensed matter physics axion polaritons, one of them being gapless and the other gapped. The gapped mode's gap is proportional to the background magnetic field and inversely proportional to the amplitude of the inhomogeneous condensate. The generation of axion …

Antiviral Susceptibility Of Clade 2.3.4.4b Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5n1) Viruses Isolated From Birds And Mammals In The United States, 2022, Ha T. Nguyen, Anton Chesnokov, Juan De La Cruz, Philippe Noriel Q. Pascua, Vasiliy P. Mishin, Yunho Jang, Joyce Jones, Han Di, Andrei A. Ivashchenko, Mary Lea Killian, Mia K. Torchetti, Kristina Lantz, David E. Wentworth, Charles T. Davis, Alexandre V. Ivachtchenko, Larisa V. Gubareva

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) viruses that are responsible for devastating outbreaks in birds and mammals pose a potential threat to public health. Here, we evaluated their susceptibility to influenza antivirals. Of 1,015 sequences of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses collected in the United States during 2022, eight viruses (∼0.8%) had a molecular marker of drug resistance to an FDA-approved antiviral: three adamantane-resistant (M2-V27A), four oseltamivir-resistant (NA-H275Y), and one baloxavir-resistant (PA-I38T). Additionally, 31 viruses contained mutations that may reduce susceptibility to inhibitors of neuraminidase (NA) (n = 20) or cap-dependent endonuclease (CEN) (n = 11). A panel of 22 …

Complexity Of Verification In Self-Assembly With Prebuilt Assemblies, David Caballero, Timothy Gomez, Robert Schweller, Tim Wylie

Computer Science Faculty Publications

We analyze the complexity of two fundamental verification problems within a generalization of the two-handed tile self-assembly model (2HAM) where initial system assemblies are not restricted to be singleton tiles, but may be larger prebuilt assemblies. Within this model we consider the producibility problem, which asks if a given tile system builds, or produces, a given assembly, and the unique assembly verification (UAV) problem, which asks if a given system uniquely produces a given assembly. We show that producibility is NP-complete and UAV is coNPNP -complete even when the initial assembly size and temperature threshold are both bounded by a …

On The Second Case Of Fermat's Last Theorem Over Cyclotomic Fields, Owen Sweeney

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

We obtain a new simpler sufficient condition for Kolyvagin's criteria, regarding the second case of Fermat's last theorem with prime exponent p over the p-th cyclotomic field, to hold. It covers cases when the existing simpler sufficient conditions do not hold and is important for the theoretical study of the criteria.

Disordered Protein Aggregates Are Linked To Changes In The Histone Post-Translational Modification Landscape In Disease And Non-Disease Models, Samantha Cobos

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Proper protein folding is a delicate balance that is crucial for normal biological function. In mammals, protein misfolding and aggregation leads to loss of function of the original protein while in many cases being associated with neurodegenerative diseases, eventually leading to death of the organism. In yeast however, the aggregated prion state is associated with positive cellular outcomes, and cells can switch between the [PRION+] and [prion-] states. Understanding the factors that lead to changes in prion state conformation in yeast could lead to novel insight into the conditions controlling misfolding by neurodegenerative proteinopathies. We believe that by studying the …

Soundness And Completeness Results For The Logic Of Evidence Aggregation And Its Probability Semantics, Eoin Moore

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The Logic of Evidence Aggregation (LEA), introduced in 2020, offers a solution to the problem of evidence aggregation, but LEA is not complete with respect to the intended probability semantics. This left open the tasks to find sound and complete semantics for LEA and a proper axiomatization for probability semantics. In this thesis we do both. We also develop the proof theory for some LEA-related logics and show surprising connections between LEA-related logics and Lax Logic.

Synthesis And Characterization Of Polymer-Based Complex Nanomaterials, Prashun G. Roy

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The original research work in this dissertation is about the use of polymers in two significantly important areas. One involves creating mesoporous silica materials with various morphologies using a mixed Pluronic surfactant system made up of two poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) surfactants, one of which contains long hydrophilic (PEO) blocks and the other has a significantly higher proportion of hydrophobic PPO . In addition, a glucose responsive core-shell type microgel was also developed for shifting the glucose responsive volume phase transition by using polymeric nanomaterials.

Chapter 1 of the dissertation discussed some historical background of synthesis and uses of …

Kinetics Of Photochemical And Mechanochemical Organic Reactions On Surface, Yerzhan Zholdassov

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Solvents used in traditional chemical processes account for a large percentage of reaction mass and waste and can pose significant environmental and health risks. The environmentally friendly nature of mechanochemistry, in addition to other benefits, makes it a promising approach for sustainable chemistry over traditional solvent-based methods. However, it is still not a widely adopted method for performing chemical reactions on an industrial scale. This is partially due to the significant challenge associated with understanding the reaction kinetics under mechanochemical conditions. Many variations of scanning probe lithography (SPL) techniques are able to manipulate the organic molecules with precise control over …

Uncertainties In Retrieval Of Remote Sensing Reflectance From Ocean Color Satellite Observations, Eder I. Herrera Estrella

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Ocean Color radiometry uses remote sensing to interpret ocean dynamics by retrieving remote sensing reflectance (������) from satellite imagery at different scales and over different time periods. ������ spectrum characterizes the ocean color that we observe, and from which we can discern concentrations of chlorophyll, organic and inorganic particles, and carbon fluxes in the ocean and atmosphere. ������ is derived from the total radiance at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). However, it only represents up to ten percent of the total signal. Hence, the retrieval of ������ from the total radiance at TOA involves the application of atmospheric correction …

On The Order-Type Complexity Of Words, And Greedy Sidon Sets For Linear Forms, Yin Choi Cheng

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This work consists of two parts. In the first part, we study the order-type complexity of right-infinite words over a finite alphabet, which is defined to be the order types of the set of shifts of said words in lexicographical order. The set of shifts of any aperiodic morphic words whose first letter in the purely-morphic pre-image occurs at least twice in the pre-image has the same order type as Q ∩ (0, 1), Q ∩ (0, 1], or Q ∩ [0, 1). This includes all aperiodic purely-morphic binary words. The order types of uniform-morphic ternary words were also studied, …

Applying Structural Equation Modeling To Better Understand The Relationship Between Stressors, Social Support And Wellbeing In The Lives Of Spouse Dementia Caregivers, Craig Holden

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Applying Structural Equation Modeling to Better Understand the Relationship Between Stressors, Social Support and Wellbeing in the Lives of Spouse Dementia Caregivers considers the utility of Pearlin et al.’s (1990) stress process model in understanding the needs of spouse caregivers. Data were drawn from eight biennial waves of the University of Michigan Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The final study sample comprised 774 spouses, average age 73, who were categorized based on Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementia (ADRD) and non-ADRD caregiver status. Results showed that for the study sample as a whole, social support …

Electrochemical Resistive-Pulse Sensing In Biological Systems, Rui Jia

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Electrochemical resistive-pulse (ERP) sensing with conductive carbon nanopipettes (CNPs) is a powerful technique for detecting single nanoscopic entities, such as single liposomes and biological vesicles, enabling qualitative and quantitative analysis of the redox molecules contained in such entities. ERP experiments were first carried out in biological system by inserting a conductive carbon nanopipette into a macrophage cell to sample single vesicles and measuring reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) contained inside them.

Besides sensing intracellular vesicles in macrophage cells, we applied this technique to direct detect single extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from a specific cell, and analysis of reactive oxygen …

Dynamics Of Spin And Charge Of Color Centers In Diamond Under Cryogenic Conditions, Richard G. Monge

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Individual quantum systems in semiconductors are currently the most sought-after platform for applications in quantum science. Most notably, the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond features a defect deep within the electronic bandgap, making it amenable for precise manipulation to help pave the way to perform fundamental quantum physics experimentation. The NV center also offers long coherence times and versatile spin-dependent fluorescent properties, making it an ideal candidate for a nanoscale magnetometer. Furthermore, multi-color excitation offers deterministic charge state manipulation. While ambient operation has been key to their appeal, bringing NVs to cryogenic conditions opens new opportunities for alternate forms of …

Thermodynamics Of Learning With Parametric Probabilistic Models, Shervin Sadat Parsi

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This study delves into the learning process within the Probabilistic Parametric Models (PPMs) framework from a unique thermodynamic perspective. By exploring the core concepts of thermodynamics and its innate connection with information theory, we showcase how this interdisciplinary approach can effectively contribute to the domain of machine learning. In the initial chapter, we establish the link between the learning problem in PPMs and a thermodynamic process by reframing various elements of the learning process within the context of thermodynamics. We introduce novel information-theoretic measurements that provide insights into the information learned in both the parameter space and the overall performance …

Out-Of-Distribution Generalization Of Deep Learning To Illuminate Dark Protein Functional Space, Tian Cai

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Dark protein illumination is a fundamental challenge in drug discovery where majority human proteins are understudied, i.e. with only known protein sequence but no known small molecule binder. It's a major road block to enable drug discovery paradigm shift from single-targeted which looks to identify a single target and design drug to regulate the single target to multi-targeted in a Systems Pharmacology perspective. Diseases such as Alzheimer's and Opioid-Use-Disorder plaguing millions of patients call for effective multi-targeted approach involving dark proteins. Using limited protein data to predict dark protein property requires deep learning systems with OOD generalization capacity. Out-of-Distribution (OOD) …

The Role Of Nuclear Quantum Effects In Supercooled Water And Amorphous Ice, Ali H. Eltareb

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Water is one of the most important substances on Earth and plays a fundamental role in numerous scientific and engineering applications. Interestingly, water behaves much differently than other liquids. For example, water shows an anomalous density maximum at 277 K, the solid phase (ice) is less denser than the liquid, and its thermodynamic response functions, such as the specific heat C_P and isothermal compressibility κ_T, also increase anomalously upon cooling. In the glassy state, water can exist in two different forms, low-density and high-density amorphous ice (LDA and HDA). While water has been scrutinized for many centuries, …

Construction And Performance Optimization Of Bioconjugated Nanosensors For Early Detection Of Breast Cancer And Pro-Inflammatory Diseases, Pooja Gaikwad

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

In recent years, nanosensors have emerged as a tool with strong potential in medical diagnostics. Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) based optical nanosensors have notably garnered interest due to the unique characteristics of their near-infrared fluorescence emission, including tissue transparency, photostability, and various chiralities with discrete absorption and fluorescence emission bands. Additionally, the optoelectronic properties of SWCNT are sensitive to the surrounding environment, which makes them suitable for in vitro and in vivo biosensing. Single-stranded (ss) DNA-wrapped SWCNTs have been reported as optical nanosensors for cancers and metabolic diseases. Breast cancer and cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of death …

Phase Transitions And Thermal Stability Of The Magnetic Dual Chiral Density Wave Phase In Cold, Dense Qcd, William G. Gyory

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The correct description of strongly interacting matter at extreme densities and low temperatures remains poorly understood. We analyze the magnetic dual chiral density wave (MDCDW) phase, an inhomogeneous chiral condensate that arises in cold, dense quark matter in a magnetic field. We first review the background theory and derive the free energy of the condensate. Then we show how the phase transitions can be studied using a generalized Ginzburg-Landau expansion, and we derive a convenient all-orders formula for the coefficients. Using these tools, we compute the order parameters, critical temperature, and threshold temperature over a range of chemical potentials and …

The Development Of Novel Radioscandium And Hydroxypyridinonate Based Radiopharmaceuticals, Michael Phipps

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The use of radiometals in radiopharmaceutical development has drastically increased over the last decade, owed in part to the diverse chemistry and emission characteristics of the radiometals, which allow chemists to create a toolbox of agents to better tailor patient care. Challenges with the use of radiometals include the selection of the metal and the development of optimized chelators to cover the diverse chemistry of the metals which make up the majority of the periodic table. Scandium is the first transition metal and has multiple radioisotopes whose emission characteristics have potential application in medicine. 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) is a chelator whose denticity, …

Evaluation Of Symmetric Functions And Boolean Functions Over Stochastic Input, Naifeng Liu

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

In our daily life, we often face situations where we need to make precise judgments based on initially unknown information, while gathering all the evidence to make informed conclusions can be very costly. In this dissertation, we explore the problem of optimizing the decision-making process under uncertainty, and we focus on problems that can be found in both theoretical computer science and discrete mathematics. The primary goal is to develop approximation algorithms with guaranteed worst-case performance. These algorithms aim to minimize the expected cost of acquiring information necessary for evaluating fundamental functions, such as Boolean and symmetric functions. Furthermore, we …

Quantifying Temperature-, Pressure-, And Nuclear Quantum Effects On Hydrophobic And Hydrophilic Water-Mediated Interactions, Justin T. Engstler

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Water-mediated interactions (WMIs) are responsible for diverse processes in aqueous solutions, including protein folding and nanoparticle aggregation. WMI may be affected by changes in temperature and pressure, and hence, they can alter chemical/physical processes that occur in aqueous environments. Traditionally, attention has been focused on hydrophobic interactions while, in comparison, the role of hydrophilic and hybrid (hydrophobic–hydrophilic) interactions have been mostly overlooked. Here, we study the role of T and P on the WMI between nanoscale (i) hydrophobic–hydrophobic, (ii) hydrophilic–hydrophilic, and (iii) hydrophilic–hydrophobic pairs of (hydroxylated/non-hydroxylated) graphene-based surfaces. We find that hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and hybrid interactions are all sensitive to …

Nonlinear Processes In Room Temperature Exciton-Polaritons, Prathmesh Deshmukh

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Strong light-matter coupling in solid state systems is an intriguing process that allows one to exploit the advantages of both light and matter. In this context, microcavities have become essential platforms for studying the strong coupling regime, where hybrid light-matter states known as exciton-polaritons form, leading to enhanced light matter interaction, modified material properties, and novel quantum phenomena. In this thesis, we explore the phenomenology of exciton-polaritons in strained TMD microcavities, 2D perovskites, fluorescent proteins and organic dyes encompassing thermalization, polariton lasing, and the observation of nonlinear effects.

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have emerged as a remarkable class of two- …