Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Advances In Research On The Quality, Influential Factors, And Contamination Prevention And Control Technologies Of Mine Water In Representative Coal Mining Areas Of China, Xu Guangquan, Zhang Haitao, Liang Miao, Chen Xiaoqing, Li Zixuan, Li Xu, He Jianghui

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background Mine water represents a major type of water body produced during coal mining. Investigating its quality, influential factors, and contamination prevention and control technologies is of great significance for environmental protection and the sustainable utilization of water resources in coal mining areas.Methods Based on field surveys and literature review, this study systematically analyzed the quality and formation mechanisms of mine water in representative coal mining areas of China. Furthermore, it explored the advances and primary challenges in current research on technologies for the prevention and control of mine water contamination and proposed major directions for future research. Advances …

Geophysical Responses And Their Statistical Relationships With Lithium And Kaolinite Contents For Lithium-Rich Coals In The Yangquan Mining Area, Chen Tongjun, Xu Haicheng, Li Wan

Coal Geology & Exploration

Objective China, representing the world's largest consumer of lithium resources, suffers from a limited endowment of conventional lithium resources, rendering it inevitable for China to seek to develop and utilize abundant coal-hosted lithium resources. Through a comparative analysis of coal samples from the lithium-rich No. 8 and the ordinary No. 15 coal seams in the Taiyuan Formation, Yangquan mining area, Shanxi Province, this study explored the statistical relationships between the lithium and kaolinite contents and geophysical responses. Accordingly, the feasibility of the indirect detection of coal-hosted lithium resources using geophysical methods was assessed. Methods First, by testing the lithium content …

Development Path And Prospects Of Technologies For Detecting Hidden Hazards In Coalfield Fire Zones, Deng Jun, Wang Jinrui, Ren Shuaijing, Song Zeyang, Wang Caiping, Li Yaqing, Lu Junhui, Qu Gaoyang

Coal Geology & Exploration

Background Hidden hazards in coalfield fire zones are characterized by limited detectability, rapid evolution, and multi-hazard coupling, posing major challenges to the safe coal mining and related ecological restoration. Methods This study aims to achieve the fine-scale identification and risk control of hidden hazards in coalfield fire zones. Based on a systematic review of the genetic mechanisms and spatial distribution patterns of coalfield fire zones, this study summarizes the characteristics of three primary fire zone types: outcrop/surface fire zones, shallowly buried fire zones, and deeply buried underground burnt-out areas and fire zones within old coal pits. Multi-dimensional hazards caused by …

Phytochemical Composition And Bioactivities Of Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) Extracts Obtained By Infusion, Ethanolic Maceration, And Maltodextrin-Assisted Drying, Risna Silvianti, Warsito Warsito, Elok Zubaidah, Zubaidah Ningsih, Aqidatul Izza

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is rich in phenolic compounds and anthocyanins, but the extraction method may influence its chemical composition and biological activity. This study compared hot-water infusion, ethanolic maceration, and maltodextrin-assisted drying. It aimed to examine the relationship between the extraction method, chemical profile, and bioactivity. The resulting extracts (EI, EM, and EP) were analyzed for total phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin, LC-HRMS profiles, and antioxidant capacity by the FRAP assay. Antibacterial analysis was conducted against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) using agar well diffusion. Cytotoxicity tests (MTT, 24 h) were performed against HT-29, 4T1, …

Spatial Extent And Vertical Structure Of Marine Heatwaves In Chesapeake Bay, Nathan P. Shunk, Piero L. F. Mazzini, Ryan K. Walter, Kyle E. Hinson, Pierre St-Laurent, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs

Physics

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) adversely impact marine ecosystems globally, yet data scarcity limits our understanding of their subsurface extent, particularly in estuaries. Using a high-resolution regional ocean model, we characterized the horizontal extent and subsurface structure of MHWs across the Chesapeake Bay (CB). Additionally, we developed a supplementary definition for local climatology-identified MHWs, “Vertical MHWs,” which quantifies their water column presence, and developed a new MHW vertical classification scheme. Surface MHWs were generally shorter, more frequent and intense, and impacted ∼5% of the CB surface area, while the deepest MHWs were generally longer, less frequent and intense, and regularly occupied >50% …

Bridging Images And Language In Radiology: A Comprehensive Prisma Systematic Review Of Transformer Vision-Language Models And Clinical Readiness, Mohammad T. Khasawneh Dr., Sadaf Tabatabaee

Systems Science and Industrial Engineering Student Scholarship

Transformer vision-language models (VLMs) promise end-to-end automation of radiology reporting and related multimodal tasks. However, evidence remains fragmented across datasets, architectures, evaluation practices, and levels of clinical validation, limiting fair comparison and safe translation into practice. Following PRISMA 2020/PRISMA-S, search engines including PubMed, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were systematically searched for peer-reviewed, English-language studies published between 2019 and 2025 that used paired radiology images and free-text reports. Dual reviewers screened records and extracted data using a locked schema covering datasets, modalities, architectures, training objectives, evaluation metrics, and indicators of clinical readiness. Free-text model descriptions were normalized …

Effects Of Warming On Growth And Leaf Colonization By Litter Mat-Forming Fungi In A Wet Tropical Forest In Puerto Rico, Ari E. Puentes, D. Jean Lodge, Deyaneira A. Ortiz-Iglesias, Tatiana Barreto-Vélez, Laura C. Rubio-Lebrón, Hieu Chu, Christine S. O'Connell, Sasha C. Reed, Tana E. Wood

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Wet tropical forests are experiencing rising temperatures and increased frequency and intensity of extreme climatic events, such as cyclones, which can increase rates of soil erosion and surface runoff. Fungal litter mats, formed by agaric decomposer fungi, play a crucial role in stabilizing slopes, preventing erosion, and aiding nutrient cycling; however, little is known about how warming affects litter mat growth and function. We investigated two litter mat-forming fungi, Gymnopus johnstonii and Marasmius aff. crinis-equi, in warmed (+4°C above ambient) and control plots in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. Growth and time-to-leaf colonization were monitored over 6 weeks …

Stoker-Fired Laboratory Boiler As A Tool For Optimising The Solid Fuel Combustion Process, Przemysław Rompalski, Justyna Guzy-Proc, Mariusz Kieczek

Journal of Sustainable Mining

This paper presents the results of quality testing performed on a stoker-fired laboratory boiler to present the technical potential of the boiler as a tool for optimising the combustion process of prepared solid fuels (granulate, energy blend) in the context of current demands related to the decarbonisation policy. The comprehensive testing of such fuels at a laboratory scale makes it possible to gain deep insights into the quality parameters of the fuel, flue gas and combustion waste, as well as to determine the combustion process parameters before the fuel is introduced for combustion in broader power engineering and household boilers. …

Evaluating Wildfire Mitigation And Wildfire “Hot Spots” In The Northern Bay Area, Nicholas W. Jones

Master's Projects and Capstones

Wildfire risk in the Northern Bay Area is increasingly shaped by climate driven vegetation dryness, expansion of the Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) and the fragmentation of environmental policy making. This paper investigates how Alameda, Contra Costa, and Sonoma Counties differ in their wildfire exposure and asks whether county level policies align with the areas of highest hazard and human exposure overlap. This project uses a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) overlay to overlay CAL FIRE Fire Hazard Severity Zones (FHSZ), and WUI data to identify wildfire hot spots where WUI areas intersect with High or Very High FHSZ classifications. This spatial …

Comparative Analysis Of Transportation Emissions And Policy In Lahore And Los Angeles, Laiba Rehman

Master's Projects and Capstones

In 2023, exposure to air pollution killed 7.9 million people globally, becoming the second leading cause of death worldwide. Transportation emissions are among the primary drivers of this burden especially in rapidly urbanizing cities where vehicle fleets are growing faster than regulatory frameworks respond. This study examines the contribution of transportation emissions to urban air quality, public health and climate change in Lahore, Pakistan and Los Angeles, California. First, it employs a secondary data analysis of PM_2.5 and ozone concentrations and vehicle fleet composition in each city, followed by an analysis of emission inventories. Second, it evaluates the regulatory …

The Role Of Intermittent Nutrient Loading In The San Francisco Bay, Rebecca M. To

Master's Projects and Capstones

A harmful algal bloom in 2022 shattered the illusion that the highly enriched San Francisco Bay is resilient to eutrophication. This event provided justification for the San Francisco Water Board to issue restrictions on nitrogen in wastewater effluent, the largest source of nitrogen in San Francisco Bay. Recognizing San Francisco’s fragile status even with this recent regulation, this study analyzes other anthropogenic sources of nutrient pollution, and it examines nature-based solutions to drawdown nutrient loading. This research utilizes a nutrient budget review to account for nitrogen inputs, a relative source contribution to quantify sanitary sewer overflows, a geospatial analysis to …

Photocatalytic Advanced Oxidative Processes (Aop) As A Promising Agricultural Runoff Treatment Solution For The California Central Valley, Briana Miller

Master's Projects and Capstones

Pesticide pollution in the California Central Valley (CV) is a major concern for aquatic toxicity. This research will determine if photocatalytic advanced oxidation processes (AOP), an emerging water treatment technology, could be implemented within the CV to degrade pesticides. A case study, literature review, comparative analysis, and policy analysis were conducted to identify pesticides of concern within the CV, if photocatalytic AOP can degrade those pesticides, how photocatalytic AOP compares to current technologies, and regulatory challenges with implementing photocatalytic AOP. Between 2019 and 2023, the top 30 most applied pesticides were identified, with 12 chemicals identified as aquatic toxicants, seven …

Deforestation Dynamics In The Amazon: Impacts, Socio-Environmental Drivers And Restoration Pathways, Maria Natalia Rodriguez

Master's Projects and Capstones

The Amazon, which is the largest tropical rainforest in the world, experienced 542,581 km² of forest loss between the years 2000 and 2020. The process of deforestation endangers the ecological system results which maintain ecosystem connectivity and the Earth's climate system. The Amazon rainforest supplies essential ecological services which include maintaining soil fertility, storing carbon, purifying water and climate stability. The fundamental ecosystem of this area faces new threats because of increasing forest destruction. The research study adopts a combined methodology that uses Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with a comprehensive literature review to study Amazon deforestation patterns and its driving …

A Wildlife Crossing Proposal For Mountain Lions In San Luis Obispo County, Charles Carmichael

Master's Projects and Capstones

California mountain lions are facing threats such as wildlife vehicle-collisions (WVC) and habitat fragmentation from roads that act as barriers to movement. Cuesta Pass in San Luis Obispo County is a stretch of Highway 101 that acts as a barrier and results in WVC for numerous species, including mountain lions. A literature review on predictors for mountain lion usage of wildlife crossings suggests crossing location as an influential variable for predicting whether a crossing will be used. A synthesis on findings from four studies found mountain lions to use underpasses, including culverts, at a combined rate of 0.72 times per …

How Fe(Ii)/2-Oxoglutarate Oxygenase Chooses Chlorination Over Hydroxylation: Electric Field-Driven Ligand Exchange Governs C-Cl Formation, Simahudeen Bathir Jaber Sathik Rifayee, Midhun George Thomas, Anandhu Krishnan, Kritika Gupta, Carter Davis, Tatyana Karabencheva-Christova, Christo Z. Christov

Michigan Tech Publications

Non-heme Fe(II)/2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent halogenases catalyze highly selective C-H halogenation. BesD is a non-heme Fe(II)/2OG halogenase that performs regio- and stereoselective chlorination of the l-lysine (l-Lys) substrate. Understanding the mechanism by which halogenation is favored over canonical hydroxylation is essential for guiding enzyme engineering efforts aimed at converting hydroxylases into halogenases. Here, we combine molecular dynamics (MD) and hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations to elucidate the origin of chlorination selectivity in BesD and variants derived from a homologous hydroxylase. Our results indicate that, although the initial inline Cl-Fe(III)-OH intermediate is inherently predisposed toward hydroxylation, it undergoes a two-step isomerization in …

Climate-Driven Maritime Hazards And Marine Fuel Oil Spill Risk In The Northwest Passage, Emily Grace Parker

Master's Projects and Capstones

Shipping activity across the Northwest Passage has increased by 46% since 2011 as climate forcing drives sea ice decline, but associated risks to vessels and the environment are underestimated and rarely examined together. A literature review conducted in this study indicated that by 2070, a 5-month navigation window will expose vessels to increasingly unpredictable hazards as the region transforms from an ice- to wave-dominated regime, with wave heights increasing by 10-13% per decade. Ice hazards persist, and vessels operating in early summer and late fall will be exposed to elevated ice accretion risk that can cause capsizing and marine fuel …

Linking Fishery Productivity To Child Health In The Coastal Tropics, Francisco Flores-Mejia

Master's Theses

Fish are a primary source of calories, macronutrients, and income for coastal communities around the world, but overfishing and environmental changes have dramatically reduced productivity in the majority of small-scale fisheries. The social costs of these losses are believed to be large, particularly in poorer communities, but most estimates of fishery productivity effects on households are contextual and difficult to generalize. We combine a remote sensing measure of pelagic fishery productivity with geolocated child health and growth data from 34 countries in the coastal tropics. We estimate that the difference between sustainedly good versus bad fishing conditions corresponds up to …

Lowland Tropical Forests Remain A Methane Sink Under Warming And Long-Term Hurricane Disturbance Recovery, Gabriele Larocca Conte, Lucia Zuvela, Rachel Cruz-Pérez, Tatiana Barreto-Vélez, Nibia Becerra-Santillan, Sophia F. Campbell, Hieu P. Chu, Trung Dam, Iana F. Grullón-Penkova, Miriam Kleit, Deyaneira A. Ortiz-Iglesias, Laura C. Rubio-Lebrón, Molly A. Cavaleri, Sasha C. Reed, Debjani Sihi, Tana E. Wood, Christine S. O'Connell

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Methane (CH₄) is a potent greenhouse gas, and tropical forests account for roughly one–third of global atmospheric CH₄ uptake by soils. Projected warming and more frequent hurricanes in these ecosystems may alter soil CH₄ sink strength, as warmer and wetter soils enhance methanogenesis activity. We measured soil CH₄ and CO₂ efflux during the calendar summer months of 2023 and 2024 alongside continuous records of soil moisture, soil and air temperature, and precipitation in an in–situ warming experiment (TRACE) located in a lowland tropical forest in Puerto Rico, six to seven years after Hurricanes Irma …

Exploring Maximal Length Cellular Automata To Generate Primitive Polynomials In Gf(2), Sumit Adak, Subhrajit Deb, Anurag Ghosh, Angshuman Roy, Souvik Roy

Northeast Journal of Complex Systems (NEJCS)

We present a simple method that uses cellular automata (CAs) to find primitive polynomials over GF(2). We used maximal length CAs as tools to generate primitive polynomials. It is usually very difficult to find maximal length CAs or primitive polynomials since they require exponential time, and there is no linear time method. However, in our work, given an n-size specific sequence of CA with reasonable probability, our technique computes a cycle of length at most 2^n-1 (maximal length) in O(n) time. The characteristic polynomials of synthesized maximal length CAs are claimed to be primitive since it was previously established that …

Evaluating Optimal Capacity And Investment Strategies For Renewable Energy Projects: A Combined Technical And Financial Approach, Helen Josephine, Indhumathi Shanmugasundaram, Sharad Gupta, Manjari Sharma

Northeast Journal of Complex Systems (NEJCS)

The global shift toward clean energy is accelerating, and by 2050 renewable sources are expected to supply more than 85% of the world’s electricity. This transition, however, introduces new layers of complexity. Wind and solar energy behave as interconnected subsystems whose output fluctuates with weather, season, and geography. Their interaction with fixed hourly demand, capital-intensive investments, and financing structures creates a multi-dimensional system in which small changes can trigger significant operational and economic consequences.  This study presents a simulation-driven framework designed to understand and optimize this complex behaviour. The framework models hourly wind and solar generation alongside projected demand to …

Decision Making At Triage Classification Using Svm With Smote Technique, Mehanas Shahul, Pushpalatha Kp

Northeast Journal of Complex Systems (NEJCS)

The efficient functioning of triage gates in overcrowded emergency departments (EDs) occurs in the context of the complex adaptive system (CAS) framework, where diverse system elements – patients, medical personnel, resources, patients’ inflow patterns, and patients themselves – simultaneously and dynamically influence the decision process. This study addresses the automated incorporation of machine learning triage algorithms as part of the system triage process to support automated classified risk-level recognition based on a limited set of vital signs. Patients are dynamically subsumed under high and low-risk categories enhanced by sensitivity, which enables optimal diagnosis and triage response to the critical clinician …

Uncovering Discrete States From Multimodal Psychophysiological Data Using Gaussian Latent Dirichlet Allocation (Glda), Congyu Wu, Aaron Fisher, David Schnyer

Northeast Journal of Complex Systems (NEJCS)

In this article we explore and validate the utility of an unsupervised probabilistic model, Gaussian Latent Dirichlet Allocation (GLDA), for discovering discrete states from repeated, multimodal psychophysiological samples collected from multiple individuals. Psychology and medical research heavily involves measuring potentially related but individually inconclusive variables from a cohort of participants to derive diagnosis, necessitating clustering analysis for state identification. Traditional probabilistic clustering models such as Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) assume a global mixture of component distributions, which may not be realistic for observations from different patients. The GLDA model borrows the individual-specific mixture structure from a popular topic model Latent …

Productive Armature, Gabriel Ofem Peter

Masters Theses

What if water was all you had, what if your only source of survival was a body of water? I shudder to think that some people get to be put in this situation in the world we live in. As I understand the importance of water to survival, it is obvious that water can be the only lifeline of survival for a community. This is the experience for residents of Makoko, Lagos. Their survival depends on the Lagos Lagoon, a large body of water flowing in from the Atlantic Ocean. This research looks beyond the surface of what this community …

Replication And Architectural Enhancement Of Omni Aggregation Networks, Matteo Calviello

Rose-Hulman Undergraduate Research Publications

Single Image Super-Resolution (SISR) reconstructs high-resolution images from low-resolution inputs, a capability valuable across many application domains. This thesis focuses on the replication and architectural enhancement of the Omni Aggregation Network (OAN), a lightweight super-resolution architecture designed to balance reconstruction quality with computational efficiency through a novel omni-axis self-attention mechanism.

Independent replication remains a persistent challenge in machine learning research, and this work addresses that issue directly. Initial replication attempts trailed the original reported results by approximately 6-10% in performance metrics before several undocumented implementation details were identified. After correcting these discrepancies, the replicated implementation achieved results within 4% of …

Replication And Architectural Enhancement Of Omni Aggregation Networks, Matteo Calviello

Senior Projects - Computer Science & Software Engineering

Single Image Super-Resolution (SISR) reconstructs high-resolution images from low-resolution inputs, a capability valuable across many application domains. This thesis focuses on the replication and architectural enhancement of the Omni Aggregation Network (OAN), a lightweight super-resolution architecture designed to balance reconstruction quality with computational efficiency through a novel omni-axis self-attention mechanism.

Independent replication remains a persistent challenge in machine learning research, and this work addresses that issue directly. Initial replication attempts trailed the original reported results by approximately 6-10% in performance metrics before several undocumented implementation details were identified. After correcting these discrepancies, the replicated implementation achieved results within 4% of …

1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, ..., Annemarie Torresen

Masters Theses

1

I invite you to see it and feel it and sit in it and breathe it in and

hold it in your lap. Art isn’t too scary, and neither is math.

2

bouncing between bounds of a binary

bippity boppity! let’s break brains and bread

balance or belly flop, what’s mine is yours:

bumptious and bumbling and barely able

i offer it broken and let you like it that way

Finding A Way Out Of The Filter Bubble: The Confusion Of A Heavy Social Media User, Longwen Miao

Masters Theses

This thesis studies how algorithmic recommendation systems reshape visual perception, aesthetic judgment, and the construction of selfhood within contemporary digital culture.

Everything begins with the experience of repeatedly encountering algorithmically recommended content on everyday digital platforms. On these platforms, images, sounds, and social interactions are continuously selected, repeated, and reorganized by predictive systems, forming an environment in which perception is constantly structured and adjusted.

From this observation, the research raises two central questions: how do algorithmic recommendation systems reshape visual perception, aesthetic judgment, and self-recognition, and how might these systems be intervened in or made perceptible through artistic practice? Within …

Frictional Intelligence, Posheng Cheng

Masters Theses

This is an experimental interaction design project that challenges anthropomorphism in human-computer interaction. In particular, the recent advancement of artificial intelligence technologies like Large Language Models has taken anthropomorphism to new heights. The conversational chatbot interface of AI prioritizes mimicking an inherently human communication medium to maximize human-likeness. However, anthropomorphism has several downsides. Conversational interfaces obscure the limitations and the tangible cost of the technology. They also imply fictional moral status and human-level cognitive capabilities, which means general public sentiment focuses on the ``overhyped'' excitement and fear rather than on other socio-ethical and capacity questions that are far more urgent …

Somatic Prosthetics For Planetary Resonance, Disha Dharesh Kumar R

Masters Theses

This thesis investigates how industrial design can transcend extractive technological paradigms in favor of relational interfaces that foster planetary attunement. Framing the climate crisis as a 'crisis of imagination', the research challenges the Western bifurcation of nature and culture by drawing on Indic cosmologies- which recognize stones, plants, and ecosystems as conscious at different levels and participants in a shared cosmic field. By synthesizing research in Biosemiotics, Quantum Information Pansycishm, and Neuroscience, the project redefines intelligence as a distributed, more-than-human phenomenon.

The research materializes as a speculative design artifact: a device that functions as a somatic prosthetic for planetary resonance. …

Material Costs, Karima Weinman

Masters Theses

This thesis investigates how migration fatality and disappearance data can be reinterpreted through material craft to create a more reflective encounter with information. Working with the Missing Migrants Project's dataset, this project asks how design can communicate dimensions of human loss that conventional data visualization cannot reach.

The work situates contemporary border violence within a longer colonial history, arguing that the logics of surveillance and quantification that structured European imperial expansion persist in the databases that govern mobility in the Mediterranean today.

Terrazzo is a 15th-century Venetian flooring technique built from discarded fragments bound together into a unified surface. This …