Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

The Effect Of Mechanical Strain On The Electronic Conductivity Of Α- Fe2o3: A Density Functional Theory Study, Sheriff Naziru Abdulmutalib

Theses and Dissertations

Hydrogen has emerged as a promising future energy carrier due to its ability to produce zero carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions when burned. However, the limited natural abundance of hydrogen necessitates the development of cost-effective and environmentally friendly methods for large-scale hydrogen production. Among the different hydrogen production approaches, photoelectrochemical water splitting, which employs a photoanode material in a cell using solar energy to split water into hydrogen and oxygen, is the focus of this work. α-Fe2O3 (hematite) is a photoanode material that shows a promising future for hydrogen generation in a photoelectrochemical cells due to its cheapness, availability, and its …

Safety, Immunogenicity, And Mechanism Of A Rotavirus Mrna-Lnp Vaccine In Mice, Qingmei Leng, Xiaopeng Song, Xiaochen Lin, Jun Ye, Jinlan Wang, Jinmei Li, Lida Yao, Xianqiong Tang, Xiangjun Kuang, Guangming Zhang, Maosheng Sun, Yan Zhou, Hongjun Li

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Rotaviruses (RVs) are a major cause of diarrhea in young children worldwide. The currently available and licensed vaccines contain live attenuated RVs. Optimization of live attenuated RV vaccines or developing non-replicating RV (e.g., mRNA) vaccines is crucial for reducing the morbidity and mortality from RV infections. Herein, a nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNP) and encoding the VP7 protein from the G1 type of RV was developed. The 5' untranslated region of an isolated human RV was utilized for the mRNA vaccine. After undergoing quality inspection, the VP7-mRNA vaccine was injected by subcutaneous or intramuscular routes into mice. …

Machine Learning For Wireless Network Throughput Prediction, Gustavo A. Fernandez

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

This paper analyzes a dataset containing radio frequency (RF) measurements and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) captured at 1876.6MHz with a bandwidth of 10MHz from an operational 4G LTE network in Nigeria. The dataset includes metrics such as RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power), which measures the power level of reference signals; RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality), an indicator of signal quality that provides insight into the number of users sharing the same resources; RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator), which gauges the total received power in a bandwidth; SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio), a measure of signal quality considering both …

The International Crisis In Numeracy Education, Nathan D. Grawe

Numeracy

The OECD recently released results from the 2022 administration of the Programme for International Student Assessment test. As other studies suggest, pandemic mitigation policies resulted in deep learning loss including in basic mathematics which forms the foundation of numeracy. Perhaps of greater concern, however, in many countries pandemic effects amplify declining performance that dates back a decade or more. Losses of two or more years' worth of mathematics education are not uncommon among developed countries. The editorial makes an urgent call for research that identifies practical steps to reverse these trends.

Infusing Quantitative Reasoning Skills Into A Differential Equation Class In An Urban Public Community College, Tanvir Prince

Numeracy

This research centers on implementing Quantitative Reasoning (QR) within a differential equations course at an urban public community college. As a participant in the Numeracy Infusion for College Educators (NICE) faculty development program, I sought to integrate QR skills into my curriculum. Students in the course were introduced to QR goals using real-world data sets, particularly those related to population growth, which aim to enhance their understanding, sharpen their problem-solving abilities, and cultivate a positive perspective on the real-world relevance of mathematics. Preliminary findings indicate varied levels of QR skill development among students. These results underscore the potential benefits of …

Recent Studies On The Super Edge-Magic Deficiency Of Graphs, Rikio Ichishima, Susana C. Lopez, Francesc Muntaner, Yukio Takahashi

Theory & Applications of Graphs

A graph $G$ is called edge-magic if there exists a bijective function $f:V\left(G\right) \cup E\left(G\right)\rightarrow \left\{1, 2, \ldots , \left\vert V\left( G\right) \right\vert +\left\vert E\left(G\right) \right\vert \right\}$ such that $f\left(u\right) + f\left(v\right) + f\left(uv\right)$ is a constant for each $uv\in E\left( G\right) $. Also, $G$ is called super edge-magic if $f\left(V \left(G\right)\right) =\left\{1, 2, \ldots , \left\vert V\left( G\right) \right\vert \right\}$. Furthermore, the super edge-magic deficiency $ \mu_{s}\left(G\right)$ of a graph $G$ is defined to be either the smallest nonnegative integer $n$ with the property that $G \cup nK_{1}$ is super edge-magic or $+ \infty$ if there exists no such …

A Survey Of Maximal K-Degenerate Graphs And K-Trees, Allan Bickle

Theory & Applications of Graphs

This article surveys results on maximal $k$-degenerate graphs, $k$-trees,

and related classes including simple $k$-trees, $k$-paths, maximal

outerplanar graphs, and Apollonian networks. These graphs are important

in many problems in graph theory and computer science. Types of results

surveyed include structural characterizations, enumeration, degree

sets and sequences, chromatic polynomials, algorithms, and related

extremal problems.

Parallels Of Quantum Superposition In Ecological Models: From Counterintuitive Patterns To Eco-Evolutionary Interpretations Of Cryptic Species, David G. Angeler, Hannah B. Fried-Petersen

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Background Superposition, i.e. the ability of a particle (electron, photon) to occur in different states or positions simultaneously, is a hallmark in the subatomic world of quantum mechanics. Although counterintuitive at first sight, the quantum world has potential to inform macro-systems of people and nature. Using time series and spatial analysis of bird, phytoplankton and benthic invertebrate communities, this paper shows that superposition can occur analogously in redundancy analysis (RDA) frequently used by ecologists.

Results We show that within individual ecosystems single species can be associated simultaneously with different orthogonal axes in RDA models, which suggests that they operate in …

On The Exact Helium Wave Function Expansion, Ii, An Exponential Modulated Form, Carl W. David

Chemistry Education Materials

A 1¹S wave function’s expansion for 2 electron atoms and ions is proposed employing an appropriate exponential factor and Fock’s logarithmic terms. The leading coefficient’s are presented.

Factors Affecting Walleye And Sauger Recruitment In Lewis And Clark Lake, South Dakota, 2001–2022, William J. Radigan, Phil Chvala, Christopher Longhenry, Mark A. Pegg

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Abundance of adult walleye (Sander vitreus) and sauger (Sander canadensis), two important sport fishes, decreased significantly during 2001–2022 in Lewis and Clark Lake, a border water between Nebraska and South Dakota, despite walleye fingerling stocking and stable age-0 abundance of both species. We sought to identify factors that drove variation in age-0 abundance from 2001 to 2022 using an information theoretic approach. Age-0 walleye catch per unit effort (CPUE) was correlated to mean monthly outflow, mean annual precipitation, and mean April gauge height in a delta. Age-0 sauger CPUE was correlated to adult conspecific CPUE, mean …

Adapting Chiral Gas Chromatography Into Existing Undergraduate Laboratories To Emphasize The Importance Of Stereochemistry, Ken Overway, Barnabas Otoo, Nicholas Griffin, Marshall Ritchie, Tyler Lynn, Kate Dear, Tyler Deutsch, Leigha Dillard

Chemistry Faculty Scholarship

Owing to the critical role of stereochemistry in biotechnology, medicine, and industry, it must be well represented in undergraduate lab curricula. To achieve these stereochemical laboratory requirements without sacrificing existing lab techniques, we modified two standard laboratory experiments to include chiral GC analysis as follows. (1) The extraction of carvone from spearmint leaves and caraway seeds via steam-distillation or other extraction methods is widely used in laboratories for analyzing the stereochemistry of the extracted products. The experiment was modified to include a GC method using a β-DEX 225 column. This allowed the students to compare the retention times of the …

Easy, Bright, Fluorescence Demonstration Of Buffer Action, Mariana Dykstra, Yejin Chung, Mark Muyskens

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

We report an attractive update to the demonstration of acid–base buffer action that is appropriate for ease of use and getting attention in the classroom. The twist is based on new fluorophore information and the recent availability of UV flashlights serving as an ideal, portable excitation light source. The pH-dependent fluorescence comes from a choice among three natural sources, namely narra tree wood extract, kidneywood extract, and scopoletin, which is a purchasable coumarin, that all perform equally well. We provide practical details for performing the buffer demonstration at scales of 100 and 1000 mL and give background information for context.

Inventory Of Western United States Glaciers- 2020, Shrinidhi Ambinakudige, Bernard Abubakari

CAS Publications

The dataset employed for delineating glacier boundaries in the Western United States comprises a compilation of original Sentinel-2 images obtained from the European Space Agency's Copernicus website. These images were instrumental in generating the glacier inventory. Additionally, the dataset includes a Python and R script specifically crafted for processing and classifying Sentinel images. The outcome of this process is represented in an ESRI shapefile, which contains an inventory of glaciers extracted from Sentinel images.

Joint Map Of Hardin County, Kentucky, Steven L. Martin, Emily Morris

Map and Chart--KGS

New field mapping of joints with previously published joint and fault locations. This fracture map can be used as a critical data source for hydrological, karst or geotechnical applications. Joint orientations were measured in 2009, 2022 and 2023, and are combined with joint and fault locations for Hardin County, Kentucky from 1:24,000-scale USGS geologic quadrangle maps that were published from 1962 to 1977. The geologic quadrangle maps for the county were digitized from 2002 to 2007.

The geology of Hardin County consists of Upper Devonian New Albany Shale overlain by Lower to Upper Mississippian-age sequences of limestone, dolomite, sandstone and …

Aromatic Residue Positioning Influences Helical Peptoid Structure In Aqueous Solution, Jwwad M. Javed, Katherine Scukas, Michelle T. Nguyen, Amelia A. Fuller

Chemistry and Biochemistry

Water-soluble peptidomimetics, including peptoids, are promising functional surrogates for biologically relevant, amphiphilic, helical peptides. Twenty amphiphilic peptoid hexamers with predicted helical structures were designed, prepared, and studied using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The site-specific contributions of aromatic and charged residues to the helical structure of peptoid hexamers in aqueous solution was evaluated, revealing that aromatic residue positioning most significantly impacts structure.

Using Deep Learning Techniques To Find The 4d Slice Genus Of A Knot, Dylan Skinner

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has proven to be exceptionally effective in addressing challenges related to pattern recognition and problem-solving, particularly in domains where human intuition faces limitations. Within the field of knot theory, a significant obstacle lies in the construction of minimal-genus slice surfaces for knots of varying complexity. This thesis presents a new approach harnessing the capabilities of DRL to address this challenging problem. By employing braid representations of knots, our methodology involves training reinforcement learning agents to generate minimal-genus slice surfaces. The agents achieve this by identifying optimal sequences of braid transformations with respect to a defined objective …

On Modeling Arterial Blood Flow With Or Without Solute Transport And In Presence Of Atherosclerosis, Daniel N. Riahi, Saulo Orizaga

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

In this article, we review previous studies of modeling problems for blood flow with or without transport of a solute in a section of arterial blood flow and in the presence of atherosclerosis. Moreover, we review problems of bio-fluid dynamics within the field of biophysics. In most modeling cases, the presence of red blood cells in the plasma is taken into account either by using a two-phase flow approach, where blood plasma is considered as one phase and red blood cells are counted as another phase, or by using a variable viscosity formula that accounts for the amount of hematocrit …

Water Whiplash In Mediterranean Regions Of The World, Citlalli Madrigal, Rama Bedri, Thomas Piechota, Wenzhao Li, Glenn Tootle, Hesham El-Askary

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

The presence of weather and water whiplash in Mediterranean regions of the world is analyzed using historical streamflow records from 1926 to 2023, depending on the region. Streamflow from the United States (California), Italy, Australia, Chile, and South Africa is analyzed using publicly available databases. Water whiplash—or the rapid shift of wet and dry periods—are compared. Wet and dry periods are defined based on annual deviations from the historical record average, and whiplash occurs when there is an abrupt change that overcomes an accommodated deficit or surplus. Of all the stations, there are more dry years (56%) than wet years …

Phase-Slip Centers As Cooling Engines, Iris Mowgood, Serafim Teknowijoyo, Sara Chahid, Armen Gulian

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Based on time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau system of equations, Éliashberg’s kinetic equations and finite element modeling, we analyze phonon emission by the phase-slip centers in superconducting filaments. Our results show that in the dissipative regime with these centers, thin superconducting filaments can be effective in originating not only positive but also negative thermal fluxes, i.e., they both generate and absorb phonons. In a stationary oscillatory regime, at a given moment of time, this generation and absorption of phonons reveals itself as positive and negative spectrum of phonons at different spectral ranges. Moreover, at a given spectral range, the emission reverses its sign …

Superconductivity Of Amorphous And Crystalline Re–Lu Films, Serafim Teknowijoyo, Armen Gulian

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

We report on superconducting properties of a novel material: rhenium-lutetium films. Different compositions of RexLu binary are explored from x ≈ 3.8 to close to pure Re stoichiometry. The highest critical temperature, up to 7 K, is obtained for x ≈ 10.5 in accordance with electron dispersive spectroscopy results. Depending on the deposition conditions, polycrystalline or amorphous films are obtainable, both of which are interesting for practical use. Crystalline structure of polycrystalline phase is identified as a non-centrosymmetric superconductor using grazing incidence x-ray diffractometry. Superconducting properties were characterized both resistively and magnetically. Magnetoresistivity and AC/DC susceptibility measurements allowed …

Superconducting Polycrystalline Rhenium Films Deposited At Room Temperature, Serafim Teknowijoyo, Armen Gulian

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

We report on magnetron deposition of thin superconducting rhenium films on sapphire substrates. During the deposition, substrates were held at ambient temperature. Critical temperature of the films is Tc ~ 3.6 K. Films have polycrystalline structure, and grazing incidence X-ray diffractometry indicates that crystalline lattice parameters are somewhat larger compared to the bulk ones. Magnetoresistive and AC/DC susceptibilities allowed us to determine Hc1 and Hc2 of these films, as well as estimate coherence length ξ(0) and magnetic penetration depth λL(0). We also provide information on surface morphology of these films.

Fluorescent Ph Indicators For Classroom Demonstration Of Buffer Action, Mark Muyskens, Mariana Dykstra, Yejin Chung

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

We report an attractive update to the demonstration of acid−base buffer action that is appropriate for ease of use and getting attention in the classroom. The twist is based on new fluorophore information and the recent availability of UV flashlights serving as an ideal, portable excitation light source. The pH-dependent fluorescence comes from a choice among three natural sources, namely narra tree wood extract, kidneywood extract, and scopoletin, which is a purchasable coumarin, that all perform equally well. We provide practical details for performing the buffer demonstration at scales of 100 and 1000 mL and give background information for context

Some Remarks On Possible Superconductivity Of Composition Pb9Cup6O25, Pablo Abramian-Barco, A. Kuzanyan, Vahan Nikoghosyan, Serafim Teknowijoyo, Armen Gulian

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

A material called LK-99, a modified-lead apatite crystal structure with the composition Pb₁₀ – ^_xCu_x(PO₄)₆O (0.9 < x < 1.1) has been reported to be an above-room-temperature superconductor at ambient pressure. It is hard to expect that it will be straightforward for other groups to reproduce the original results. We provide here some remarks which may be helpful for a success.

Digitizing Delphi: Educating Audiences Through Virtual Reconstruction, Kate Koury

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

Implementing a 3D model into a virtual space allows the general public to engage critically with archaeological processes. There are many unseen decisions that go into reconstructing an ancient temple. Analysis of available materials and techniques, predictions of how objects were used, decisions of what sources to reference, puzzle piecing broken remains together, and even educated guesses used to fill gaps in information often go unobserved by the public. This work will educate users about those choices by allowing the side-by-side comparison of conflicting theories on the reconstruction of the Tholos at Delphi, which is an ideal site because of …

Promises And Risks Of Applying Ai Medical Imaging To Early Detection Of Cancers, And Regulation For Ai Medical Imaging, Yiyao Zhang

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of Accessible Data On Cyberstalking, Elise Kwan

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

No abstract provided.

Model Selection Through Cross-Validation For Supervised Learning Tasks With Manifold Data, Derek Brown

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Wildfire Aerosol Emissions On Air Quality, Emma Braun, Audrey Shirley

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

No abstract provided.

Upleft: Pick Up Leftovers, Uplift Those In Need, Veronica Galles

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

No abstract provided.

Characterizing Differential Reflectivity Calibration Dependence On Environmental Temperature Using The X-Band Teaching And Research Radar (Xtrra): Looking For A Relationship Between Temperature And Differential Reflectivity Bias, Emma Miller

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

Calibration scans are important for the maintenance of data and the quality of the information that radars output. In this study we looked for a temperature dependency in a full year’s worth of differential reflectivity (ZDR) calibration scan data collected by the X-band Teaching and Research Radar (XTRRA) located near the Purdue University campus. In a vertically pointing calibration scan, the radar scans the drops from below while rotating. From this angle, the overall shape will be circular, which corresponds to a ZDR value of approximately 0 dB. To process the data for the year 2021, a Python script was …