Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Western Kentucky University Stormwater Utility Survey 2024, Warren Campbell

SEAS Faculty Publications

The main goal of this survey is to identify as many U.S. Stormwater Utilities (SWUs) as possible. Because many stormwater professionals do not have the time to respond to questionnaires, our primary method of identification was Internet searches. We searched key terms such as “stormwater utility,” “stormwater fee,” and “drainage fee.” We scoured online municipal codes such as Municode, AmLegal, Sterling, LexisNexis, General Code, and others. We searched through many city web websites to find utilities. We have also had many people contact me to update fees and identify new utilities. However, the data primarily comes from Internet sources and …

Creative Connections: Building Empathy To Foster Ecoliteracy Through Art Education, Jocelyn Salim

Masters Theses

This thesis investigates the potential positive impact of fostering empathy and understanding for the natural world through art education. Through action research, this study examines various teaching approaches, such as incorporating scientific knowledge, employing literature to discuss ecological themes, and engaging in participatory storytelling activities to cultivate empathy among elementary school children. The objective of this thesis is to explore empathy as a potential pathway to encourage children to foster connections with the natural world and develop compassionate traits, attitudes, and behaviors towards nature as they grow. The findings of this study reveal that children exhibit high levels of enthusiasm …

Differential Methylation Region Detection Via An Array-Adaptive Normalized Kernelweighted Model, Daniel Alhassan, Gayla R. Olbricht, Akim Adekpedjou

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Research & Creative Works

A differentially methylated region (DMR) is a genomic region that has significantly different methylation patterns between biological conditions. Identifying DMRs between different biological conditions is critical for developing disease biomarkers. Although methods for detecting DMRs in microarray data have been introduced, developing methods with high precision, recall, and accuracy in determining the true length of DMRs remains a challenge. In this study, we propose a normalized kernel-weighted model to account for similar methylation profiles using the relative probe distance from "nearby" CpG sites. We also extend this model by proposing an array-adaptive version in attempt to account for the differences …

Radiation Induced Conductivity Of Peek: Effects Of Temperature And Total Ionizing Dose, Joshua Boman, Brian Wood, Jordan Lee, Jr Dennison, Kim M. Aaron, Wousik Kim

Conference Proceedings

Radiation induced conductivity (RIC) plays a critical role in space charge dissipation with insulating materials used in spacecraft. Ionizing radiation present in harsh space plasma environments deposits energy into materials via inelastic scatter, exciting electrons into the conduction band without depositing charge for penetration radiation. RIC is expected to be affected by temperature and total ionizing dose (TID); temperature primarily affects the rate of promotion of electrons in localized trap states within the band gap to the conduction band, while TID can create additional traps states thereby increasing trap density and reducing mean trap separation.

RIC was measured in a …

Temperature Dependent Radiation Induced Conductivity Of Polymeric Spacecraft Materials, Jodie Corbridge Gillespie, Jr Dennison

Conference Proceedings

Temperature dependent radiation induced conductivity (RIC) data applicable to conditions experienced by spacecraft are presented for low density polyethylene (LDPE) and poylimide (PI, Kapton^HN, along with summaries for five other common polymeric spacecraft mateials: polyimide (PI; Kapton HN^TM, and Kapton E^TM), polytetraflouroethylene (PTFE; Teflon^TM), expanded PTFE (ePTFE), ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene and (ETFE; Tefzel^TM). Data were measured over approximately 105 K to 330 K and incident dose rates, D, of 10^-4 Gy/s to 10^-1Gy/s. Theoretical expressions proposed by Rose/Fowler/Vissenberg predict equilibrium RIC behavior according to a general expression σ …

Electric Vehicle Usage Patterns In Multi-Vehicle Households In The Us: A Machine Learning Study, Vuban Chowdhury, Suman Kumar Mitra, Sarah Hernandez

Civil Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Electric vehicles (EVs) play a significant role in reducing carbon emissions. In the US, EVs are mostly owned by multi-vehicle households, and their usage is primarily studied in the context of vehicle miles traveled. This study takes a unique approach by analyzing EV usage through the lens of vehicle choice (between EVs and internal combustion engine vehicles) within multi-vehicle households. A two-step machine-learning framework (clustering and decision trees) is proposed. The framework determines the preferred trip category for EV use and captures the effects of household attributes, driver attributes, built-environment factors, and gas prices on EV use in multi-vehicle households. …

(R2075) Truncated Saddlepoint Approximation For Testing Means Of Right-Skewed Populations, Kalanka P. Jayalath

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In the examination of the mean parameter of the skewed distributions, testing methods often rely on the central limit theorem and data transformation. Notably, Johnson’s and Chen’s modified ttests offer reliable alternatives by incorporating additional sample moments. This work directs its attention towards the truncated saddlepoint (TS) approximation method, which effectively estimates the right-tail probability of right-skewed continuous distributions using a limited number of sample moments. The TS approximation is employed to derive the p-value in one-sample mean testing. To evaluate its performance, a Monte Carlo simulation study is conducted, comparing the TS approximation at four distinct truncation levels with …

(R2083) A Multiobjective Optimization Model For Selecting Portfolios In Emerging Financial Markets Under Uncertainty, Milad Saleki, Mohammad Saber Fallahnezhad, Davood Shishebori, Hasan Khademi Zare

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In the issue of financial portfolio selection, especially in emerging financial markets, the investor usually intends to make the best possible choice based on several conflicting objectives, such as return, risk, and liquidity. To obtain a suitable portfolio using ideal values and the maximum possible deviations, we suggest fuzzy goal programming and its combination with satisfaction functions and expert opinions. The model can determine the best portfolio based on the opinions of financial market experts, taking into account uncertainties. This model formulates a multiobjective financial portfolio selection approach by considering fuzzy parameters obtained from emerging financial markets. In addition, the …

(R2068) A Study To Assess The Stress On Students Of Higher Education During Covid-19 Using Fuzzy Logic System, Monika Rathore, Uday Raj Singh, Sanjeev Kumar

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted various sectors, with higher education being one of the most severely affected. Students in higher education faced numerous challenges transitioning to online learning, leading to a surge in mental health issues. The abrupt shift in the mode of education and the inability of many students to adapt exacerbated their mental health struggles. This, in turn, contributed to a notable rise in student suicide rates in India during the pandemic-induced isolation period. Addressing this critical socio-psychological issue requires effective strategies for stress detection and management. The proposed study employed the Online Education Stress Scale (Online ESS) …

The Characteristics Of Digital Transformation Leadership: Theorizing The Practitioner Voice, Pat Mccarthy, David Sammon, Ibrahim Alhassan

Department of Computer Science Publications

Digital Transformation (DT) is more than simply integrating a new digital technology into the organization. Despite a growing volume of research, however, there is little coverage of the characteristics of DT leadership. Using a grounded approach, where 16 practitioner voices are central to the theorizing output, we present 10 DT leadership characteristics. Each characteristic links what action a DT leader needs to take and how a DT leader enables that action. We also asked 30 DT leaders to evaluate the importance of each of the 10 DT leadership characteristics. Our approach strengthens the relevance for practitioners striving for the best …

Herbicides, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Herbicides play a vital role in integrated weed management programs. Knowledge of the mechanisms and activity of herbicides will improve the impact and sustainability of herbicides as a weed management tactic. This fact sheet is a guide to the types of herbicides available and when and how they should be used.

Quasi-Monte Carlo Estimation For Functional Generalized Linear Mixed Models., Ruvini Kumari Jayamaha Hitihamilage

Dissertations

Functional Data Analysis (FDA) is a topic of growing interest in the statistics community and is applied in a wide range of fields such as Anthropology, Epidemiology, Meteorology, Neurology and Engineering. The data in FDA are smooth curves or surfaces in time or space which can be conceptualized as functions. Because of the smooth nature of the data and the measurements are highly correlated, making the classical methods such as univariate or multivariate analysis are infeasible for such data. Functional data Analysis (FDA) deals with these kinds of more detailed, complex, and structured data.

In this dissertation, we propose a …

On Near-Linear Cellular Automata Over Near Spaces, Abdul-Rahman M. Nasser

Dissertations

Cellular Automata can be considered as examples of massively parallel machines. They are computational mathematical objects consisting of a grid of cells, each of which can exist in a finite number of states. These cells evolve over discrete time steps according to a set of predefined rules based on the states of neighboring cells. The notion of cellular automata was first introduced by Ulam and von Neumann and then popularized by John H. Conway in the 1970s with one of the most famous examples being The Game of Life.

This research builds on and generalizes the work of Tullio Ceccherini-Silberstein …

Investigating The Relationship Between Single And Multiple Sersic Models Of Active Galaxies Using Galfit, Ellie H. Johnson

Physics

Supermassive Black Holes (SMBHs) can be found in the center of almost every galaxy, and in some cases, can form Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs). AGNs are some of the brightest objects in our observable Universe and are distinguished from quiescent galaxies by accretion onto the central SMBH, which forms a disk where the luminosity is produced. Reverberation mapping (RM) of broad-line AGNs determines the mass of the SMBH by resolving the gravitational sphere of influence of the BH ``in time". In this study, GALFIT is used to fit 2D analytic functions to existing Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images for 23 …

Identifying Ion-Scale Waves In Parker Solar Probe Sub-Alfvénic Intervals, Nicholas Henry Androski, Kristoff Paulson

Physics

Identification of coherent quasi-parallel ion-scale (1-32 Hz) wave activity in sub-Alfvénic regions of the solar wind observed by NASA's Parker Solar Probe during perihelion encounters 8 to 16. Wave activity is filtered computationally by coherency, circular polarization and propagation angle with respect to the mean magnetic field. Initial statistical results are presented with suggestions for future improvements and studies. A general overview of the heliosphere and the context of ion-cyclotron waves (an ion-scale wave) in the coronal heating problem. Along the way to identify ion-scale wave activity, tables of sub-Alfvénic intervals and current sheet crossings for encounters 8 to 16 …

Perceptions And Aspirations Of Undergraduate Computer Science Students Towards Generative Ai: A Qualitative Inquiry, James Hutson, Theresa Jeevanjee

Faculty Scholarship

This article presents a comprehensive study conducted during the spring semester of 2024, aimed at exploring undergraduate computer science students’ perceptions, awareness, and understanding of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) tools within the context of their Artificial Intelligence (AI) courses. The research methodology employed qualitative techniques, including human-subject research and focus groups, to delve into students’ insights on the evolution of AI as delineated in the seminal textbook by Russell and Norvig. The study-initiated discussions on the historical development of AI, prompting students to reflect on the aspects that intrigued them the most, and to identify which historical concepts and methodologies, …

Predictive Power Of Machine Learning Models On Degree Completion Among Adult Learners, Emily Barnes, James Hutson, Karriem Perry

Faculty Scholarship

The integration of machine learning (ML) into higher education has been recognized as a transformative force for adult learners, a growing demographic facing unique educational challenges. This study evaluates the predictive power of three ML models—Random Forest, Gradient-Boosting Machine, and Decision Trees—in forecasting degree completion among this group. Utilizing a dataset from the academic years 2013-14 to 2021-22, which includes demographic and academic performance metrics, the study employs accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score to assess the efficacy of these models. The results indicate that the Gradient-Boosting Machine model outperforms others in predicting degree completion, suggesting that ML can significantly …

Einstein Field Equations And The Solutions For Uncharged Black Holes, Yogesh Mahat

Masters Theses

The General Theory of Relativity, formulated by the brilliant mind of Albert Einstein, stands as one of the most fundamental and revolutionary pillars of modern physics. This elegant theory of gravity not only offers a comprehensive explanation of the workings of the universe on a large scale, but it has also paved the way for groundbreaking advancements in the field of mathematics. This thesis begins by providing a concise overview of the key mathematical principles that are crucial to understanding Einstein’s theory. These principles form the basis for deriving the field equations that Einstein introduced. From there, these equations are …

Radiogenomics-Based Risk Prediction Of Glioblastoma Multiforme With Clinical Relevance, Xiaohua Qian, Hua Tan, Xiaona Liu, Weiling Zhao, Michael D Chan, Pora Kim, Xiaobo Zhou

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor. Although temozolomide (TMZ)-based radiochemotherapy improves overall GBM patients' survival, it also increases the frequency of false positive post-treatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessments for tumor progression. Pseudo-progression (PsP) is a treatment-related reaction with an increased contrast-enhancing lesion size at the tumor site or resection margins miming tumor recurrence on MRI. The accurate and reliable prognostication of GBM progression is urgently needed in the clinical management of GBM patients. Clinical data analysis indicates that the patients with PsP had superior overall and progression-free survival rates. In this study, we aimed …

Iowa Waste Reduction Center Newsletter, June 2024, University Of Northern Iowa. Iowa Waste Reduction Center.

Iowa Waste Reduction Center Newsletter

Contents:

--- Rota, Spain: A Unique Hub for U.S. Military Vehicle Painting
--- Get involved with the Solid Waste Educators Group
--- USDA announces Composting and Food Waste Cooperative Agreements
--- Library Compost Training Series visits West Bend, IA
--- Important Reminders

Time-Dependent Behavior Of Radiation Induced Conductivity In Polymers, Tyler Heggenes, Jenny R. Whiteley, Jodie Corbridge Gillespie, Joshua Boman, Jr Dennison

Conference Proceedings

Ionizing radiation can induce conductivity in polymers via inelastic scattering which imparts energy to electrons in the valence band and trapped states, exciting them into the conduction band without depositing charge into the material. This radiation-induced conductivity (RIC) can impact space charge dissipation within highly insulating materials used in spacecraft in harsh space plasma environments. Previous USU research analyzed only the equilibrium portions of an extensive RIC database for polymeric materials, including Kapton HN^TM. This confirmed that equilibrium RIC follows a standard theoretical model that is temperature and dose-dependent. The current study provides a new analysis of RIC's …

Comparison Of Absolute Electron Emission Yields Of Extreme Insulators: Round Robin Tests Of Polyimide And Low Density Polyethylene, Jr Dennison, Matthew Robertson, Christopher Vega, Mohamed Belhaj, Juste Sarah Dadouch, Isabel Montero, María E. Dávila, Kazuhiro Toyoda

Posters

No abstract provided.

Temperature Dependent Radiation Induced Conductivity Of Polymeric Spacecraft Materials, Jodie Corbridge Gillespie, Jr Dennison

Posters

No abstract provided.

Analysis Of The Effects Of Surface Modifications And Other Extrinsic Factors On Electron Yield With A “Patch” Model, Matthew Robertson, Christopher Vega, Trace Taylor, Jr Dennison

Presentations

Electron yield (EY) is a material attribute of central importance to understanding and modeling spacecraft charging. EY is defined as the ratio of emitted electrons to incident electrons, when irradiated with an electron beam. It depends on incident energy and is unique for each material as determined by its chemical composition, crystal structure, and electronic configurations. Dynamic surface modifications and other extrinsic factors—including surface morphology, composition, contamination, oxidation, and charging— can significantly affect EY and consequently spacecraft charging. This research proposes a “patch” model to provide a simple theoretical framework to model more complex materials comprised of any number of …

Time-Dependent Behavior Of Radiation Induced Conductivity Of Polymers, Tyler Heggenes, Jenny R. Whiteley, Jodie Corbridge Gillespie, Joshua Boman, Jr Dennison

Presentations

The conductivity of insulating materials can be enhanced above the baseline dark conductivity by incident radiation via inelastic scattering that imparts energy to electrons in trapped states and excites them into the conduction band, without depositing charge. Such radiation-induced conductivity (RIC), caused by ionizing radiation present in harsh space plasma environments, can play a critical role in space charge dissipation within highly insulating materials used in spacecraft. An equilibrium value for RIC, 𝜎_RIC, is attained after prolonged exposure to an incident dose rate; this follows a standard theoretical power law model proposed by Rose/Fowler/Vissenberg, 𝜎_RIC(T …

Analysis Of The Effects Of Surface Modifications And Other Extrinsic Factors On Electron Yield With A “Patch” Model, Matthew Robertson, Christopher Vega, Trace Taylor, Jr Dennison

Conference Proceedings

Electron yield (EY) is a material property of central importance to understanding and modeling spacecraft charging. It depends on incident energy and is unique for each material. Dynamic surface modifications and other extrinsic factors—including composition, surface morphology, contamination, oxidation, and charging— can significantly affect EY and consequently spacecraft charging. This research proposes a “patch” model to provide a simple theoretical framework to model more complex materials comprised of any number of different types of constituent materials in terms of the EY contribution of each constituent material or extrinsic factor. The “patch” model merges the unique EY curve contribution of each …

Effects Of Differing Radiation Methods On Charge Transport In Polymers, Zachary J. Gibson, Jr Dennison, Virginie Griseri

Conference Proceedings

Spacecraft charging issues are understood and mitigated through an understanding of material properties. Material properties are dynamic in the harsh environment of space. Approximations must be made to simulate the space environment in the laboratory. This paper reports on the investigation of the approximation that energy deposition causes the same aging effects in the materials regardless of the radiation source. Samples of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyether-etherketone (PEEK) were irradiated with x-rays, γ-rays, or electrons at total ionizing dose (TID) of either 2 x 10⁴, 2 x 10⁵, or 2 x 10⁶ rad. Charge was then …

A Guide To Successful Management Of Collaborative Partnerships In Quantitative Research: An Illustration Of The Science Of Team Science., Alyssa Platt, Tracy Truong, Mary Boulos, Nichole E Carlson, Manisha Desai, Monica M Elam, Emily Slade, Alexandra L Hanlon, Jillian H Hurst, Maren K Olsen, Laila M Poisson, Lacey Rende, Gina-Maria Pomann

Biostatistics Faculty Publications

Data-intensive research continues to expand with the goal of improving healthcare delivery, clinical decision-making, and patient outcomes. Quantitative scientists, such as biostatisticians, epidemiologists, and informaticists, are tasked with turning data into health knowledge. In academic health centres, quantitative scientists are critical to the missions of biomedical discovery and improvement of health. Many academic health centres have developed centralized Quantitative Science Units which foster dual goals of professional development of quantitative scientists and producing high quality, reproducible domain research. Such units then develop teams of quantitative scientists who can collaborate with researchers. However, existing literature does not provide guidance on how …

Herbicide Application, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Grains and other field crops factsheets

Herbicides can be applied by a variety of means, including boom sprayers, aerial spraying, misters, blanket wipers, rope wick applicators, weed seekers and back-pack sprayers. This fact sheet reviews the different methods, including nozzles and calibration of equipment, used to apply herbicides.

The Impact Of Video Assistant Referee (Var) On The English Premier League, Jack Kenyon Brown

Master's Theses

The aim of this study is to examine how the introduction of the Video Assisted Referee (VAR) system influenced the English Premier League (EPL). Since its implementation in the English Premier League in 2019, VAR has been a constant source of debate and controversy. Many studies have been done on the immediate impact of VAR on other elite professional soccer leagues, but the scope of results is very limited and due to be updated. The data for the ensuing analysis consists of 3800 matches played in the English Premier League during the five seasons before (14/15, 15/16, 16/17, 17/18, and …