Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 25681 - 25710 of 294517

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Mathematical Graffiti: Bridges 2023 Clerihew Collection Jul 2024

Mathematical Graffiti: Bridges 2023 Clerihew Collection

Journal of Humanistic Mathematics

Clerihews are poems of a form invented by Edmund Clerihew Bentley around the turn of the 19th-20th century. The poems are typically biographical, humorous, and are made up of two couplets. The rhyming pattern is always aabb, but the meter of the two couplets is usually not the same. The first line is simply the name of the person, the other three lines relate to the subject, often in an absurd way. If the rhyme is slightly off, or the rhythm irregular or awkward, or the facts a bit confused, so much the better. The present collection of clerihews, written …

Go to article

Book Review: How To Expect The Unexpected: The Science Of Making Predictions -- And The Art Of Knowing When Not To By Kit Yates, Mark Huber Jul 2024

Book Review: How To Expect The Unexpected: The Science Of Making Predictions -- And The Art Of Knowing When Not To By Kit Yates, Mark Huber

Journal of Humanistic Mathematics

Humans think about the future all the time. Prediction is a part of how we prepare for the coming of both good and bad events in our lives. Kit Yates' book, How to expect the unexpected, concentrates primarily on the question of why prediction is difficult, and what mental shortcuts people take in prediction that can lead to incorrect results. Unfortunately, a lack of concern for details and several omissions undermine the quality of the book.

Go to article

The Value Of Adding Nothing: A Call For Reform-Oriented Polynomial Division, Jonathan Clark, Jeneva Clark Jul 2024

The Value Of Adding Nothing: A Call For Reform-Oriented Polynomial Division, Jonathan Clark, Jeneva Clark

Journal of Humanistic Mathematics

The call to implement reform practices in schools reflects the historical turn away from the behaviorist theory of learning in education. Yet the praxis of this turn remains a significant challenge, particularly within mathematics classrooms where procedural memorization is emphasized. In this article, we show one means of how to advance our pursuit of meaningful mathematics into polynomial division. Building on the literature for reform-based division methods, an alternative to the long division algorithm will be explored that relies solely on adding zero and fundamental algebraic principles.

Go to article

Geometric Shapes That Sing And Move: An Interdisciplinary Lesson With Pre-Service Teachers, Gladys Krause, Gustavo Velandia Jul 2024

Geometric Shapes That Sing And Move: An Interdisciplinary Lesson With Pre-Service Teachers, Gladys Krause, Gustavo Velandia

Journal of Humanistic Mathematics

Our work shares a practical example of an interdisciplinary lesson in which two teacher educators collaborated to integrate mathematics and music in an elementary mathematics methods course. This paper describes the process of collaboration in designing the lesson and shares original instructional resources to be used in the classroom. We also discuss what the pre-service teachers participating in the lesson shared about their learning experience, and what we, the teacher educators, learned from this experience. In presenting this work we aim to promote the opening of spaces in teacher preparation programs that allow pre-service teachers to develop their own instructional …

Go to article

Fibonacci-Inspired Spiral Quilts, Kathleen Offenholley, Sk Collins, David Radcliffe Jul 2024

Fibonacci-Inspired Spiral Quilts, Kathleen Offenholley, Sk Collins, David Radcliffe

Journal of Humanistic Mathematics

This article provides insight into the mathematics and designs of quilts inspired by Fibonacci and logarithmic spirals. We introduce the history and development of the Fibonacci number sequence and how to hand-draw a Fibonacci spiral. Further, we explain the relationship between the Fibonacci spiral and logarithmic spirals, the advantages of using logarithmic spirals to create designs, and how to produce digital spiral designs using Desmos, a free web-based graphing calculator. Finally, we discuss methods for designing spiral quilts or other triangle and spiral designs (such as collage or other media) and derive a formula for calculating the apex angles of …

Go to article

States Of Matter, Todd Sformo Jul 2024

States Of Matter, Todd Sformo

Journal of Humanistic Mathematics

This is a non-fiction essay overtly about three methods used in overwintering physiology, set in the context of my first learning them, along with associated thoughts and ideas as I began working on my PhD. The mathematics shows up mainly in the final section of the essay whose subtitle plays on a poem by Wallace Stevens called “Anecdote of the Jar”. This section is fable-like in its explanation of protein purification and begins with an impossible statement that is slowly adjusted to make sense by words and math.

Go to article

Badass Women, Richard Delaware Jul 2024

Badass Women, Richard Delaware

Journal of Humanistic Mathematics

In this true story, one mathematics major supports another in an unexpected way.

Go to article

Intuitive Explanations In Mathematical Education, Jerzy Pogonowski Jul 2024

Intuitive Explanations In Mathematical Education, Jerzy Pogonowski

Journal of Humanistic Mathematics

I discuss the role of intuitive explanations in the learning, teaching, and popularization of mathematics. Several examples of such explanations are presented, related to linguistic explanations, perception, empirical models, and internal explanations inside mathematics itself. I emphasize the fact that intuitive explanations in a sense transgress mere mathematical arguments. I also discuss in brief the role of paradox resolution in mathematical education.

Go to article

Bootstraps And Scaffolds: What A Cognitive-Historical Analysis Of The Complex Number System Reveals About Numerical Cognition, Charles R. Card, Gary G. Miller Jul 2024

Bootstraps And Scaffolds: What A Cognitive-Historical Analysis Of The Complex Number System Reveals About Numerical Cognition, Charles R. Card, Gary G. Miller

Journal of Humanistic Mathematics

The following investigation is a cognitive-historical analysis of the conceptual development of complex numbers. The history of this development spans nearly two millennia, from the earliest appearance of the square root of a negative quantity in the calculations of Heron of Alexandra (1st Century CE) to the full flowering of complex numbers in the first half of the 19th Century. The approach used for this analysis is Nersessian's, including her formulations of model-based reasoning and mental models. Additional aspects of the analysis feature the prominent roles played by process representations, including object-process complementarities, and by core numerical systems. Our analysis …

Go to article

Building Communities Of Care For Equity, Justice, And Culturally Responsive Practice In Mathematics Education, Nicole Fletcher, B Waid Jul 2024

Building Communities Of Care For Equity, Justice, And Culturally Responsive Practice In Mathematics Education, Nicole Fletcher, B Waid

Journal of Humanistic Mathematics

Teaching is widely considered one of the “caring professions,” but conceptualizations of care and how care is put into practice in education are not universal. In this article, we draw from a range of perspectives on care that integrate supportive interpersonal relationships, high expectations, and culturally relevant theories of critical care, as well as Queer Theory and Disability Justice, to explore the application of these ideas in mathematics education. We identify key elements for building communities of care in mathematics education contexts: co-constructing community agreements, redefining participation, shifting traditional power structures, collaborative problem solving, and building networks of care beyond …

Go to article

Mathematical Models And Pedagogy Of Marxist Political Economy, Christopher Perez Jul 2024

Mathematical Models And Pedagogy Of Marxist Political Economy, Christopher Perez

Journal of Humanistic Mathematics

How can we teach people about the economics of labor and exploitation in mathematics courses? We define a mathematical model for describing the relationships embodied by commodities and labor. We then use this model to illustrate the exploitative nature of profit and the tendency for catastrophic chain-reactions that lead to market crashes. Lastly, we discuss applications to pedagogy in mathematics courses using a simplified version of the model.

Go to article

The Braids On Your Blanket, Michelle Cheng, Robert Uwe Laugwitz Jul 2024

The Braids On Your Blanket, Michelle Cheng, Robert Uwe Laugwitz

Journal of Humanistic Mathematics

In this expository essay, we introduce some elements of the study of groups by analysing the braid pattern on a knitted blanket. We determine that the blanket features pure braids with a minimal number of crossings. Moreover, we determine polynomial invariants associated to the links obtained by closing the braid patterns of the blanket.

Go to article

What Is An Imaginary Number? The Plane And Beyond, Andrew W. Powell Jul 2024

What Is An Imaginary Number? The Plane And Beyond, Andrew W. Powell

Journal of Humanistic Mathematics

In this article I argue that i is a quantity associated with the two-dimensional real number plane, whether as a vector, a bi-vector, a point or a transformation (rotation). This position provides a foundation for the complex numbers and accounts for complex numbers in some equations of applied mathematics and physics. I also argue that complex numbers are fundamentally geometrical and can be described by geometric algebra, and that moreover the meaning of complex numbers in physics varies with dimension and geometry of the manifold.

Go to article

Millions, Billions, Or Trillions: How To Partition Large Numbers Into Friendly Figures, Eryn Michelle Maher, Ha Nguyen, Cynthia Sanchez Tapia Jul 2024

Millions, Billions, Or Trillions: How To Partition Large Numbers Into Friendly Figures, Eryn Michelle Maher, Ha Nguyen, Cynthia Sanchez Tapia

Journal of Humanistic Mathematics

Communicating and making sense of large numbers — millions, billions, and trillions — is a persistent struggle in our society. Using large numbers is a learning requirement for elementary school children, but even adults struggle with it. Hence supporting future teachers in developing their own understanding of the concepts is valuable. To construct, enact, and revise an educational experience for preservice teachers, we apply three frameworks of teaching mathematics for social justice tasks, high cognitive demand tasks, and productive mathematics discussion. The context uses United States educational and defense spending, the national budget, and the gross domestic product. Preservice teachers …

Go to article

Language Analysis Via The Run And Flattened Statistics On Permutations, Jennifer Elder, Pamela E. Harris, Anthony Simpson Jul 2024

Language Analysis Via The Run And Flattened Statistics On Permutations, Jennifer Elder, Pamela E. Harris, Anthony Simpson

Journal of Humanistic Mathematics

A permutation π in Sn can be decomposed into its runs π = τ1τ2 . . . τk, where a run of π is a maximal contiguous subsequence whose elements are in increasing order. If the first values of each run are in increasing order, then π is said to be flattened. Motivated by the study of flattened permutations, we study the words in the Danish, German, English, Spanish, French, Italian, Dutch, and Norwegian languages. In each language considered, our work provides the following: a list of the longest flattened words, histograms for the proportion …

Go to article

The Modern Geometrician: Euclidean Construction For Digital Paper, Deborah A. Kent, David J. Muraki Jul 2024

The Modern Geometrician: Euclidean Construction For Digital Paper, Deborah A. Kent, David J. Muraki

Journal of Humanistic Mathematics

The emphasis on traditional hand-drawn compass and straight-edge geometrical constructions has been reduced in the core narrative of most current curricula. In response to this trend, this paper presents a virtual toolkit for producing precision geometrical figures within the popular note-taking app, Notability. These graphical procedures employ the app's stylus-based input and shape tools (for lines, circles and squares) to offer a modern take on classical geometrical construction. These procedures are adaptations of familiar textbook methods, necessary because the app's circle-drawing tool behaves differently from a standard compass. Beyond the familiar canon of elementary Euclidean constructions, such as angle bisectors …

Go to article

Sociomathematical Norms And Automated Proof Checking In Mathematical Education: Reflections And Experiences, Merlin Carl Jul 2024

Sociomathematical Norms And Automated Proof Checking In Mathematical Education: Reflections And Experiences, Merlin Carl

Journal of Humanistic Mathematics

According to a widely held view, mathematical proofs are essentially (indications of) formal derivations, and thus in principle mechanically checkable (this view is defended, for example, by Azzouni [3]). This should in particular hold for the kind of simple proof exercises typically given to students of mathematics learning to write proofs. If that is so, then automated proof checking should be an attractive option for math education at the undergraduate level. An opposing view would be that mathematical proofs are social objects and that what constitutes a mathematical proof can thus not be separated from the social context in which …

Go to article

My Own Private World Of Non-Ordinary Associative Arithmetics, Marion D. Cohen Jul 2024

My Own Private World Of Non-Ordinary Associative Arithmetics, Marion D. Cohen

Journal of Humanistic Mathematics

A binary operation # on Z+ is said to be an associative arithmetic if both # and its iteration — the binary operation ∗ defined recursively by: x∗1 = x and x∗y = [x ∗ (y − 1)]#x — are associative. E. Rosinger [6] showed that under reasonable conditions an associative arithmetic must be ordinary addition. However, in the general case, there are associative arithmetics that are not ordinary addition. This paper gives examples of these as well as results towards a structure theorem for associative arithmetics. The paper also describes the role that this particular math problem has played …

Go to article

Picturing Mathematics (Education) In New Ways, Mark Huber, Gizem Karaali Jul 2024

Picturing Mathematics (Education) In New Ways, Mark Huber, Gizem Karaali

Journal of Humanistic Mathematics

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Front Matter Jul 2024

Front Matter

Journal of Humanistic Mathematics

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Enhancing Fuel Injection System Reliability Through Weibull Family Functions Analysis, Ali Nouri Qarahasanlou, Abbas Barabadi, Meisam Saleki, Ali Rahimazar, Parisa Rezakhania, Masoume Gholamia Jul 2024

Enhancing Fuel Injection System Reliability Through Weibull Family Functions Analysis, Ali Nouri Qarahasanlou, Abbas Barabadi, Meisam Saleki, Ali Rahimazar, Parisa Rezakhania, Masoume Gholamia

Journal of Sustainable Mining

The efficient operation of heavy machinery is crucial to the success of mining and civil construction operations. To guarantee this performance, equipment performance is assessed using the Reliability Index, which analyzes failures to study the ability of a system to carry out its intended functions under predetermined conditions. On the other hand, the failure rate and operational environmental condition (such as management decisions, maintenance performance, etc., that are defined as “risk factors”) over the life cycle of industrial systems pose a significant challenge to reliability analysis. This paper proposes an approach to address these challenges by extending Weibull family functions …

Go to article

Maximizing Generative Ai Benefits With Task Creativity And Human Validation, Charu Sinha, Veselina P. Vracheva, Cristina Nistor Jul 2024

Maximizing Generative Ai Benefits With Task Creativity And Human Validation, Charu Sinha, Veselina P. Vracheva, Cristina Nistor

Business Faculty Articles and Research

Much of the existing literature on generative AI applications is conflicting, with findings suggesting that investing in AI will lead to better organizational outcomes but also pointing out that incorporating AI may be a wasteful even counterproductive initiative. We develop a conceptual frame-work to characterize generative AI benefits based on the types of tasks that generative AI may be used for in management. Our work suggests that task creativity plays a key role in successful generative AI outcomes, but human validation - the extent to which a human engages in a supervisory role - is required to reap the benefits. …

Go to article

Chemical Recycling Of Bio-Based Polyurethane Foams: Evaluating Bio-Based Glycols In Comparison To Petroleum-Based Glycols, Anirudh Thorbole Mr. Jul 2024

Chemical Recycling Of Bio-Based Polyurethane Foams: Evaluating Bio-Based Glycols In Comparison To Petroleum-Based Glycols, Anirudh Thorbole Mr.

Electronic Theses & Dissertations

The paradigm shift towards bio-based polyurethane foams (bio-PUF) has significantly increased post-consumer waste. To address this issue, this research represents a novel approach to enhance sustainable development in the recycling industry by replacing traditional petroleum-based glycols with sustainable bio-based alternatives. This study explores the glycolysis of bio-PUF using bio-based SG-522 glycol and polyethylene glycol (PEG) for comparison. The findings from this research as outlined, reveal no significant differences in depolymerization time between the two glycols, achieving proper depolymerization and high recovery yields of over 95% after solvent purification. Comprehensive FT-IR and NMR analyses confirmed the successful degradation of bio-PUF and …

Go to article

Increasing The Robustness Of Machine Learning By Adversarial Attacks, Gourab Mukhopadhyay Jul 2024

Increasing The Robustness Of Machine Learning By Adversarial Attacks, Gourab Mukhopadhyay

Theses and Dissertations

By perturbation or physical attacks any machine can be fooled into predicting something else other than the intended output. There are training data based on which the model is trained to predict unknown things. The objective was to create noises and shades of different levels on the images and do experiments for measuring accuracy and making the model classify the traffic signs. When it comes to adding shades to the pictures, pixels were modified for three different layers of the pictures. The experiment also shows that with the shadows getting deeper, the accuracies drop significantly. Here, some changes in pixels …

Go to article

Machine Learning - Hail Awareness Spatial Analysis Toolkit (Hasat), Haoruo Fu, Joseph P. Hupy, Chien-Tsung Lu, Zhenglei Ji Jul 2024

Machine Learning - Hail Awareness Spatial Analysis Toolkit (Hasat), Haoruo Fu, Joseph P. Hupy, Chien-Tsung Lu, Zhenglei Ji

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

The National Airspace System (NAS) is a sophisticated network of air traffic control, navigation, and communication systems that play a critical role in ensuring the safe and efficient flow of air traffic across the United States. However, the occurrence of severe weather conditions, particularly hailstorms, poses a significant threat to flight safety within the NAS. To mitigate the risks associated with hail, aviation organizations have implemented a range of safety measures. This study utilized Esri’s ArcGIS as a mapping software to conduct a geospatial analysis of the impact of severe weather, particularly hail, on the NAS. The Hail Awareness Spatial …

Go to article

Low-Resource Automatic Speech Recognition Domain Adaptation – A Case-Study In Aviation Maintenance, Nadine Amin, Tracy L. Yother, Julia Rayz Jul 2024

Low-Resource Automatic Speech Recognition Domain Adaptation – A Case-Study In Aviation Maintenance, Nadine Amin, Tracy L. Yother, Julia Rayz

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

With timeliness and efficiency being critical in the aviation maintenance industry, the need has been growing for smart technological solutions that optimize and streamline the different underlying tasks (Bergkvist & Sabbagh, 2021). One such task is the technical documentation of the performed maintenance operations (Chandola et al., 2022). Instead of manual documentation, voice tools that transcribe spoken logbook entries allow technicians to document their work right away in a hands-free and time efficient manner. However, an accurate automatic speech recognition (ASR) model requires large training corpora (Siyaev & Jo, 2021a), which are lacking in the domain of aviation maintenance. In …

Go to article

An Enhanced Deep Autoencoder For Flight Delay Prediction, Desmond B. Bisandu, Dan Andrei Soviani-Sitoiu, Irene Moulitsas Jul 2024

An Enhanced Deep Autoencoder For Flight Delay Prediction, Desmond B. Bisandu, Dan Andrei Soviani-Sitoiu, Irene Moulitsas

Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

Accurate and timely flight delay prediction cannot be overemphasized because of the ever-increasing demand for air travel and its importance in deploying intelligent transportation systems. Nonetheless, there has not been a universal solution to the problem, as more intelligent flight decision systems are required for the aviation industry's future growth. Existing flight delay classification and prediction approaches are mainly shallow traffic models and do not satisfy many applications in the real world. Our motivation to rethink the deep architecture model for predicting flight delays emanates from the problem. In this research, we proposed a technique that modified stacked autoencoder architecture …

Go to article

Case Study: Abandoned Mines Reclamation And Extrapolation Technique In Gis, Yuri Gorokhovich Jul 2024

Case Study: Abandoned Mines Reclamation And Extrapolation Technique In Gis, Yuri Gorokhovich

Open Educational Resources

The goal of this exercise is to integrate vector/raster data for the input in the model that will predict locations of possible mine reclamation projects in USA. The original publication is: Gorokhovich Y., A. Voros, M. Reid, E. Mignone. 2003. Prioritizing Abandoned Coal Mine Reclamation Projects Within Contiguous United States Using Geographic Information System Extrapolation. Environmental Management, October 2, vol. 32, issue 4. 527-534.

Go to article

Health And Environmental Pollution: A Literature Review, Elsa Yuniarti, Levi Anatolia S.M. Exposto, Indang Dewata, Fitra Arya Dwi Nugraha, Alfitri Alfitri Jul 2024

Health And Environmental Pollution: A Literature Review, Elsa Yuniarti, Levi Anatolia S.M. Exposto, Indang Dewata, Fitra Arya Dwi Nugraha, Alfitri Alfitri

Kesmas

This study aimed to review various studies focusing on pollution that could adversely affect health, including sources, types, and mitigation efforts. The data used were obtained through a search on the Scopus website using the keywords "Health" AND "Pollution" from 2016 to 2023. Using these two keywords, 72 titles and abstracts of papers were successfully found. The results of this literature review were then analyzed with the assistance of NVivo 12 Pro, which grouped the findings based on their impact on health, reasons for pollution, types of pollution, and preventive measures. It was identified that the most common disease was …

Go to article

Suitability Assessment Of Groundwater Quality For Drinking Purposes, Md. Zahidul Islam, M. G. Mostafa Jul 2024

Suitability Assessment Of Groundwater Quality For Drinking Purposes, Md. Zahidul Islam, M. G. Mostafa

Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development

The groundwater status of Northwestern Bangladesh is a complex and challenging issue due to its arid and semi-arid climates, increasing population, overexploitation for domestic and irrigation purposes, lack of adequate rainfall, and limited water resources. The study aimed to assess the suitability and health risk of groundwater quality for drinking purposes. A total of one hundred groundwater samples were collected from shallow tubewells in two seasons, the monsoon (MON) and post-monsoon (POM), in northwestern Bangladesh (Ganges River basin) and analyzed using standard methods of analysis (Atomic adsorption spectrometry, UV-visible spectrometry, graphite, ion chromatography). The trends of predominant cations were Ca2+ …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last