Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

High Rates Of Erosion On A Wave-Exposed Fringing Coral Reef, Damian P. Thomson, Shannon Dee, Christopher Doropoulos, Melanie Orr, Shaun K. Wilson, Andrew S. Hoey

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Erosion is a key process in shaping the physical structure of coral reefs, yet due to erosion being semi-cryptic and difficult to quantify, information remains limited. Here, we investigate erosional processes along Ningaloo Reef, an extensive fringing coral reef in Western Australia. We employed both direct and indirect methods to measure erosion in wave-exposed reef slopes and protected lagoonal habitats. Direct measurements of erosion on coral blocks were among the highest found globally, with total erosion of 3.07 kg m−2 yr−1 (4% from micro, 0.6% from macro, and 94% from external), whilst indirect rates were estimated at 2.4 ± 0.20 …

Predicting Seagrass Ecosystem Resilience To Marine Heatwave Events Of Variable Duration, Frequency And Re-Occurrence Patterns With Gaps, Paula Sobenko Hatum, Kathryn Mcmahon, Kerrie Mengersen, Kieryn Kilminster, Paul Pao Yen Wu

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Seagrass, a vital primary producer habitat, is crucial for maintaining high biodiversity and offers numerous ecosystem services globally. The increasing severity and frequency of marine heatwaves, exacerbated by climate change, pose significant risks to seagrass meadows. Aims: This study acknowledges the uncertainty and variability of marine heatwave scenarios and aims to aid managers and policymakers in understanding simulated responses of seagrass to different durations, frequencies and recurrence gaps of marine heatwaves. Materials and Methods: Using expert knowledge and observed data, we refined a global Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) model for a specific case study on Halophila ovalis in Leschenault …

Quality And Establishment Of Some Water-Conserving Turfgrass Species For Sustainable Development And Some Ecosystem Services In Arid Urban Environments, Fatemeh Kazemi, Mahmood Reza Golzarian, Seyedeh Maliheh Rabbani Kheir Khah

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Turfgrasses are essential landscape plants with social, environmental, and aesthetic services for urban ecosystems. However, more is needed to know how to establish them so that they can benefit from their ecosystem services in urban environments. This research examined some quality and morphological and physiological factors for the establishment and social and environmental service assessment of three warm-season turfgrasses, including Kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum), bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), and buffalo grass (Buchloe dactyloides), compared to the cool-season grass of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). The experiment was split-plot in time, based on a randomized complete block design with eight replications. …

(R2070) Poisson-Exponentiated Weibull Distribution: Properties, Applications And Extension, Alphonsa George, Dais George

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In this article, we introduce a new member of the Poisson-X family namely, the Poisson-exponentiated Weibull distribution. The statistical as well as the distributional properties of the new distribution are studied, and the performance of the maximum likelihood method of estimation is verified by a simulation study. The flexibility of the distribution is illustrated by a real data set. We develop and study a reliability test plan for the acceptance or rejection of a lot of products submitted for inspection when their lifetimes follow the new distribution. A real data example is also given to illustrate the feasibility of the …

(R2067) Solutions Of Hyperbolic System Of Time Fractional Partial Differential Equations For Heat Propagation, Sagar Sankeshwari, Vinayak Kulkarni

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

Hyperbolic linear theory of heat propagation has been established in the framework of a Caputo time fractional order derivative. The solution of a system of integer and fractional order initial value problems is achieved by employing the Adomian decomposition approach. The obtained solution is in convergent infinite series form, demonstrating the method’s strengths in solving fractional differential equations. Moreover, the double Laplace transform method is employed to acquire the solution of a system of integer and fractional order boundary conditions in the Laplace domain. An inversion of double Laplace transforms has been achieved numerically by employing the Xiao algorithm in …

(R2071) Global Stability Analysis Of Chikv Dynamics Model With Adaptive Immunity And Distributed Time Delays, Taofeek O. Alade, Samson Olaniyi, Hassan A. Idris, Yaqoob Al Rahbi, Mohammad Alnegga

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

The application of mathematical biology and dynamical systems has proven to be an effective approach for studying viral infection models. To contribute to this research, our paper proposes a new CHIKV model that takes into account an adaptive immune response and distributed time delays, which accurately reflects the time lag between initial viral contacts and the production of new active CHIKV particles. By analyzing the model’s qualitative behavior, we establish a biological threshold number that can predict whether CHIKV will be cleared from or persist in the body. We demonstrate the global stability of both CHIKV-present and CHIKV-free steady states …

(R2078) Analyzing The Effects Of Fifth And Seventh Order Terms In A Generalized Henon-Heiles Potential, Nandana Madhukara

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

The Hénon-Heiles system is a 2-dimensional axisymmetric Hamiltonian system that was first formed to determine the third integral of motion in galactic dynamics. After its inception, it has become a paradigm in dynamical systems due to its apparent simplicity but extremely complicated dynamical behavior. In this paper, we perform a series expansion up to the seventh order of a general potential with axial and reflection symmetries. After some transformations, this becomes a generalized Hénon-Heiles (GHH) system where we separate the fifth and seventh-order terms. We qualitatively analyze this system for energies near the threshold between bounded and unbounded motion with …

(R2073) Analysis Of Mmap/Ph(1), Ph(2)/1 Preemptive Priority Queueing Model With Single Vacation, Repair And Impatient Customers, S. Meena, G. Ayyappan

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In this paper, we analyse a single server preemptive priority queue with phase-type vacation and repair, feedback, working breakdown, close-down and impatient customers. Customers arrive according to the Marked Markovian Arrival Process and their service time according to Phase-type distribution. If the High Priority customers need feedback, they lose their priority and join the Low Priority queue. At any instant, if the server is broken down, the server provide service with slow mode for that current customer and then the server will go into a repair process. When there are no customers present in both the queues, the server close-down …

Lead Along Arid Route 66: Concentration, Fate, Surface Transport, And Awareness, Dominic Joel Ombati

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Fate and transport of lead (Pb) are well studied in humid, high precipitation environments. Few studies have compared or addressed fate of lead (Pb) in arid, low precipitation areas where the soil binding capacity may differ from classic studies. The goal of this study is to identify the control of fate and transport in the arid section of Route 66 by determining the concentration, chemical forms, and surface transport mechanism of lead (Pb) along the arid section of Route 66. Understanding the fate and transport of lead (Pb) in different environments is key in the environmental mitigation of lead (Pb) …

Illustris-Tng Simulated Central Black Mass(Mbh) And Galaxy Properties Correlations With A Machine Learning Approach, Imani L. Dindy

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Observationaly it is well established that the masses of central black holes are tightly correlated with galaxy properties, most notably the bulge’s velocity dispersion. Cosmolog- ical hydrodynamical simulations can capture most of these correlations, but it is yet not understood why this occurs. To gain greater insight into central black hole growth we use machine learning algorithms to study the relationship between central black hole mass(MBH) and other galaxy properties at z=0 in the TNG simulations. We find that the central black hole mass can be accurately predicted with just a few galaxy properties only if the central black hole …

Using Gaussian Processes To Measure M-Dwarf Rotation Periods From Ground-Based Light Curves, Ryan J. Lebron

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Stellar rotation is a readily observable characteristic that plays a crucial role in the generation and activity of magnetic fields through a process known as a magnetic dynamo. For low mass main sequence stars, they exhibit fully convective interiors, giving rise to a distinct dynamo mechanism compared to solar-type stars. Examining the rotational speeds of these stars can offer valuable insights into the workings of these mechanisms. To measure these rotation periods, we developed a pipeline to analyze 192 archival light curves of low mass stars observed by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) by utilizing a combination of Lomb-Scargle and …

Pkt-Sin: A Secure Communication Protocol For Space Information Networks With Periodic K-Time Anonymous Authentication, Yang Yang, Wenyi Xue, Jianfei Sun, Guomin Yang, Yingjiu Li, Hwee Hwa Pang, Robert H. Deng

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Space Information Network (SIN) enables universal Internet connectivity for any object, even in remote and extreme environments where deploying a cellular network is difficult. Access authentication is crucial for ensuring user access control in SIN and preventing unauthorized entities from gaining access to network services. However, due to the complex communication environment in SIN, including exposed links and higher signal delay, designing a secure and efficient authentication scheme presents a significant challenge. In this paper, we propose a secure communication protocol for SIN with periodic k-time anonymous authentication (named PkT-SIN) that allows satellite users to anonymously authenticate to ground stations …

Toward Generalist Anomaly Detection Via In-Context Residual Learning With Few-Shot Sample Prompts, Jiawen Zhu, Guansong Pang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

This paper explores the problem of Generalist Anomaly Detection (GAD), aiming to train one single detection model that can generalize to detect anomalies in diverse datasets from different application domains without any further training on the target data. Some recent studies have showed that large pre-trained Visual-Language Models (VLMs) like CLIP have strong generalization capabilities on detecting industrial defects from various datasets, but their methods rely heavily on handcrafted text prompts about defects, making them difficult to generalize to anomalies in other applications, e.g., medical image anomalies or semantic anomalies in natural images. In this work, we propose to train …

D3still : Decoupled Differential Distillation For Asymmetric Image Retrieval, Yi Xie, Yihong Lin, Wenjie Cai, Xuemiao Xu, Huaidong Zhang, Yong Du, Shengfeng He

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Existing methods for asymmetric image retrieval employ a rigid pairwise similarity constraint between the query network and the larger gallery network. However, these oneto-one constraint approaches often fail to maintain retrieval order consistency, especially when the query network has limited representational capacity. To overcome this problem, we introduce the Decoupled Differential Distillation (D3still) framework. This framework shifts from absolute one-to-one supervision to optimizing the relational differences in pairwise similarities produced by the query and gallery networks, thereby preserving a consistent retrieval order across both networks. Our method involves computing a pairwise similarity differential matrix within the gallery domain, which is …

The Whole Is Better Than The Sum : Using Aggregated Demonstrations In In-Context Learning For Sequential Recommendation, Wang Lei, Ee-Peng Lim

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Large language models (LLMs) have shown excellent performance on various NLP tasks. To use LLMs as strong sequential recommenders, we explore the in-context learning approach to sequential recommendation. We investigate the effects of instruction format, task consistency, demonstration selection, and number of demonstrations. As increasing the number of demonstrations in ICL does not improve accuracy despite using a long prompt, we propose a novel method called LLMSRec-Syn that incorporates multiple demonstration users into one aggregated demonstration. Our experiments on three recommendation datasets show that LLMSRec-Syn outperforms state-of-the-art LLM-based sequential recommendation methods. In some cases, LLMSRec-Syn can perform on par with …

Ethical Considerations Toward Protestware, Marc Cheong, Raula Kula, Christoph Treude

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

This article looks into possible scenarios where developers might consider turning their free and open source software into protestware. Using different frameworks commonly used in artificial intelligence (AI) ethics, we extend the applications of AI ethics to the study of protestware.

To Protect Or To Hide: An Investigation On Corporate Redacted Disclosure Motives Under New Fast Act Regulation, Yan Ma, Qian Mao, Nan Hu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

China adopted amendments allowing companies to redact filings without prior approval in 2016. Leveraging this change as a quasi-nature experiment, we explore whether managers utilize redacted information to withhold bad information in the more lenient regulatory environment. Our investigation uncovers a significant shift in managerial behavior: Since 2016, managers incline to employ redactions to obscure negative news rather than safeguarding proprietary data. Furthermore, we find that the poorer firm performance and a higher cost of equity are associated with the redacted disclosures after 2016, suggesting that investors perceive an increase in firm-specific risk attributed to withholding bad news through redactions.

Network-Based Representations And Dynamic Discrete Choice Models For Multiple Discrete Choice Analysis, Huy Hung Tran, Tien Mai

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In many choice modeling applications, consumer demand is frequently characterized as multiple discrete, which means that consumer choose multiple items simultaneously. The analysis and prediction of consumer behavior in multiple discrete choice situations pose several challenges. In this paper, to address this, we propose a random utility maximization (RUM) based model that considers each subset of choice alternatives as a composite alternative, where individuals choose a subset according to the RUM framework. While this approach offers a natural and intuitive modeling approach for multiple-choice analysis, the large number of subsets of choices in the formulation makes its estimation and application …

Inceptionnext: When Inception Meets Convnext, Weihao Yu, Pan Zhou, Shuicheng Yan, Xinchao Wang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Inspired by the long-range modeling ability of ViTs, large-kernel convolutions are widely studied and adopted recently to enlarge the receptive field and improve model performance, like the remarkable work ConvNeXt which employs 7×7 depthwise convolution. Although such depthwise operator only consumes a few FLOPs, it largely harms the model efficiency on powerful computing devices due to the high memory access costs. For example, ConvNeXtT has similar FLOPs with ResNet-50 but only achieves ∼ 60% throughputs when trained on A100 GPUs with full precision. Although reducing the kernel size of ConvNeXt can improve speed, it results in significant performance degradation, which …

Efficient Cross-Modal Video Retrieval With Meta-Optimized Frames, Ning Han, Xun Yang, Ee-Peng Lim, Hao Chen, Qianru Sun

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Cross-modal video retrieval aims to retrieve semantically relevant videos when given a textual query, and is one of the fundamental multimedia tasks. Most top-performing methods primarily leverage Vision Transformer (ViT) to extract video features [1]-[3]. However, they suffer from the high computational complexity of ViT, especially when encoding long videos. A common and simple solution is to uniformly sample a small number (e.g., 4 or 8) of frames from the target video (instead of using the whole video) as ViT inputs. The number of frames has a strong influence on the performance of ViT, e.g., using 8 frames yields better …

Usability Versus Collectibility In Nft: The Case Of Web3 Domain Names, Ping Fan Ke, Yi Meng Lau

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

This study examines the market’s inclination towards usability and collectibility aspects of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) within Web3 domain name marketplaces, drawing insights from resale records. Our findings reveal a prevailing preference for usability, as evidenced by consistently higher average resale prices observed for Ethereum Name Service (ENS) domains compared to Linagee Name Registrar (LNR) domains. However, domains with diminished usability, such as those containing non-ASCII characters, tend to attract investors due to their enhanced collectibility. Our analysis on the effect from previous resale suggests a potential aversion towards second-hand acquisitions among NFT investors when value derives primarily from usability, while …

Mix-Initiative Response Generation With Dynamic Prefix Tuning, Yuxiang Nie, Heyan Huang, Xian-Ling Mao, Lizi Liao

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Mixed initiative serves as one of the key factors in controlling conversation directions. For a speaker, responding passively or leading proactively would result in rather different responses. However, most dialogue systems focus on training a holistic response generation model without any distinction among different initiatives. It leads to the cross-contamination problem, where the model confuses different initiatives and generates inappropriate responses. Moreover, obtaining plenty of human annotations for initiative labels can be expensive. To address this issue, we propose a general mix-Initiative Dynamic Prefix Tuning framework (IDPT) to decouple different initiatives from the generation model, which learns initiative-aware prefixes in …

Santa Maria Climate Action Plan Recommendations: Building Energy And Transportation, Thomas Zimmerman, Elena Blewett

City and Regional Planning

The Santa Maria Climate Action Plan Recommendations addresses GHG emissions reduction for the largest sectors in the City of Santa Maria- Building Energy and Transportation. The project includes GHG forecasts and reduction targets from the City’s Draft 2020 Community-Wide Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report. The reduction targets are met through a series of actionable measures to help the City meet aggressive reduction targets by 2030 and 2045.

Open-Vocabulary Video Anomaly Detection, Peng Wu, Xuerong Zhou, Guansong Pang, Yujia Sun, Jing Liu, Peng Wang, Yanning Zhang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Current video anomaly detection (VAD) approaches with weak supervisions are inherently limited to a closed-set setting and may struggle in open-world applications where there can be anomaly categories in the test data unseen during training. A few recent studies attempt to tackle a more realistic setting, open-set VAD, which aims to de-tect unseen anomalies given seen anomalies and normal videos. However, such a setting focuses on predicting frame anomaly scores, having no ability to recognize the specific categories of anomalies, despite the fact that this ability is essential for building more informed video surveillance systems. This paper takes a step …

Smart Fitting Room: A One‑Stop Framework For Matching‑Aware Virtual Try‑On, Mingzhe Yu, Yunshan Ma, Lei Wu, Kai Cheng, Xue Li, Lei Meng, Tat-Seng Chua

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The development of virtual try-on has revolutionized online shopping by allowing customers to visualize themselves in various fashion items, thus extending the in-store try-on experience to the cyber space. Although virtual try-on has attracted considerable research initiatives, existing systems only focus on the quality of image generation, overlooking whether the fashion item is a good match to the given person and clothes. Recognizing this gap, we propose to design a one-stop Smart Fitting Room, with the novel formulation of matching-aware virtual try-on. Following this formulation, we design a Hybrid Matching-aware Virtual Try-On Framework (HMaVTON), which combines retrieval-based and generative methods …

Radiogenomics-Based Risk Prediction Of Glioblastoma Multiforme With Clinical Relevance, Xiaohua Qian, Hua Tan, Xiaona Liu, Weiling Zhao, Michael D Chan, Pora Kim, Xiaobo Zhou

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor. Although temozolomide (TMZ)-based radiochemotherapy improves overall GBM patients' survival, it also increases the frequency of false positive post-treatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessments for tumor progression. Pseudo-progression (PsP) is a treatment-related reaction with an increased contrast-enhancing lesion size at the tumor site or resection margins miming tumor recurrence on MRI. The accurate and reliable prognostication of GBM progression is urgently needed in the clinical management of GBM patients. Clinical data analysis indicates that the patients with PsP had superior overall and progression-free survival rates. In this study, we aimed …

Associations Between Longer Leukocyte Telomere Length And Increased Lung Cancer Risk Among Never Smokers In Urban China, Jason Y Y Wong, Xiao-Ou Shu, Wei Hu, Batel Blechter, Jianxin Shi, Kevin Wang, Richard Cawthon, Qiuyin Cai, Gong Yang, Mohammad L Rahman, Bu-Tian Ji, Yutang Gao, Wei Zheng, Nathaniel Rothman, Qing Lan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: The complex relationship between measured leukocyte telomere length (LTL), genetically predicted LTL (gTL), and carcinogenesis is exemplified by lung cancer. We previously reported associations between longer pre-diagnostic LTL, gTL, and increased lung cancer risk among European and East Asian populations. However, we had limited statistical power to examine the associations among never smokers by gender and histology.

METHODS: To investigate further, we conducted nested case-control analyses on an expanded sample of never smokers from the prospective Shanghai Women's Health Studies (798 cases and 792 controls) and Shanghai Men's Health Studies (161 cases and 162 controls). We broke the case-control …

(R2086) Circular Restricted Three-Body Interaction Problem With Various Perturbations, Shiv K. Sahdev, Abdullah .

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

The motion properties of the infinitesimal body is studied under the forces due to kerr-like oblate heterogeneous primary, continuation fractional potential for secondary, solar sail, three-body interactions, Coriolis and centrifugal forces in the circular restricted three-body problem. The equations of motion of infinitesimal body are evaluated under the above-said perturbations. Using these equations of motion, we illustrate the locations of equilibrium points, their stability, the periodic orbits and Poincaré surfaces of section. This study will applicable on the motion of the artificial satellite.

(R2074) A Comparative Study Of Two Novel Analytical Methods For Solving Time-Fractional Coupled Boussinesq-Burger Equation, Jyoti U. Yadav, Twinkle R. Singh

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In this paper, a comparative study between two different methods for solving nonlinear timefractional coupled Boussinesq-Burger equation is conducted. The techniques are denoted as the Natural Transform Decomposition Method (NTDM) and the Variational Iteration Transform Method (VITM). To showcase the efficacy and precision of the proposed approaches, a pair of different numerical examples are presented. The outcomes garnered indicate that both methods exhibit robustness and efficiency, yielding approximations of heightened accuracy and the solutions in a closed form. Nevertheless, the VITM boasts a distinct advantage over the NTDM by addressing nonlinear predicaments without recourse to the application of Adomian polynomials. …

(R2087) Modal Operators On Bipolar Intuitionistic Fuzzy Matrices, T. Muthuraji, P. Punitha Elizabeth

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

Bipolar intuitionistic fuzzy sets are currently a robust area in several industries. Additionally, bipolar intuitionistic fuzzy matrices are a highly regarded topic in many fields including psychology, engineering, qualitative reasoning and multi-criteria decision making. A civilization must deal with negative and positive problems. In this article, we discussed some algebraic properties of modal operators on bipolar intuitionistic fuzzy matrices. Finally, we derive some results of necessity and possibility operators along with Max-Min product.