Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

The Lyman Continuum Escape Fraction Of Star-Forming Galaxies At 2.4 ≲ Z ≲ 3.0 From Uvcandels, Xin Wang, Harry I. Teplitz, Brent M. Smith, Rogier A. Windhorst, Marc Rafelski, Vihang Mehta, Anahita Alavi, Zhiyuan Ji, Gabriel Brammer, James Colbert, Norman Grogin, Nimish P. Hathi, Anton M. Koekemoer, Laura Prichard, Claudia Scarlata, Ben Sunnquist, Pablo Arrabal Haro, Christopher Conselice, Eric Gawiser, Yicheng Guo, Matthew Hayes

Pacific Faculty Work

The UltraViolet Imaging of the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey Fields (UVCANDELS) survey is a Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Cycle-26 Treasury Program, allocated in total 164 orbits of primary Wide-Field Camera 3 Ultraviolet and VISible light F275W imaging with coordinated parallel Advanced Camera for Surveys F435W imaging, on four of the five premier extragalactic survey fields: GOODS-N, GOODS-S, EGS, and COSMOS. We introduce this survey by presenting a comprehensive analysis of the absolute escape fraction ( f esc abs ) of Lyman continuum radiation through stacking the UV images of a population of star-forming galaxies with secure redshifts …

Lab Practical: Pulse Epr, Gareth R. Eaton

TeachEPR Submissions

1. How do you over-couple the resonator for a pulse experiment?
2. How do you find a 2-pulse echo?
3. How do you select the microwave attenuation?

How To Measure Q, Gareth R. Eaton

TeachEPR Submissions

•Frequency bandwidth
–Using spectrometer frequency sweep
–Using a network analyzer

•Ring down following a pulse

Comparing In-Person, Standard Telehealth, And Remote Musculoskeletal Examination With A Novel Augmented Reality Exercise Game System: Pilot Cross-Sectional Comparison Study, Richard Wu, Keerthana Chakka, Sara Belko, Ninad Khargonkar, Kevin Desai, Balakrishnan Prabhakaran, Thiru Annaswamy

SKMC Student Presentations and Publications

BACKGROUND: Current telemedicine technologies are not fully optimized for conducting physical examinations. The Virtual Remote Tele-Physical Examination (VIRTEPEX) system, a novel proprietary technology platform using a Microsoft Kinect-based augmented reality game system to track motion and estimate force, has the potential to assist with conducting asynchronous, remote musculoskeletal examinations.

OBJECTIVE: This pilot study evaluated the feasibility of the VIRTEPEX system as a supplement to telehealth musculoskeletal strength assessments.

METHODS: In this cross-sectional pilot study, 12 study participants with upper extremity pain and/or weakness underwent strength evaluations for four upper extremity movements using in-person, telehealth, VIRTEPEX, and composite (telehealth plus VIRTEPEX) …

Lab Practical: Nitroxides, Gareth R. Eaton

TeachEPR Submissions

1. How do you fill a capillary tube with an aqueous solution? How are capillaries positioned in the resonator?
2. How does the spectrum of a nitroxide change when the viscosity of a solution is increased?
3. How do you determine the concentration of the radical in the solution?

How To Measure B1, Gareth R. Eaton

TeachEPR Submissions

• CW Methods
• Pulsed EPR Methods

A Review Of Artificial Intelligence, Algorithms, And Robots Through The Lens Of Stakeholder Theory, Michael J. Matthews, Su Runkun, Lindsey Yonish, Shawn Mcclean, Joel Koopman, Kai Chi Yam

Management Faculty Publications

With the arrival of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, intelligent machines are affecting the daily lives of multiple organizational stakeholders. However, despite the continued expansion of intelligent machines in society, management scholarship has generally lagged, and current frameworks are under-equipped to offer meaningful guidance regarding the intersection of intelligent machines and organizations. We address this issue via a multidisciplinary review and a novel framework of intelligent machines and value creation. First, we discuss the characteristics of intelligent machines (i.e., autonomy, learning, inscrutability, and materiality) and how variation in these characteristics impacts their affordances and, subsequently, the value offered to stakeholders. We …

Advances In Pyrazolo[1,5-A]Pyrimidines: Synthesis And Their Role As Protein Kinase Inhibitors In Cancer Treatment, Terungwa H. Iorkula, Osasere Jude Kelly Osayawe, Daniel A. Odogwu, Latifat Oluwatobi Ganiyu, Emmanuel Faderin, Raymond Femi Awoyemi, Busayo Odunayo Akodu, Ikhazuagbe Hilary Ifijen, Omowunmi Rebecca Aworinde, Peter Agyemang, Odo Lovelyn Onyinyechi

Michigan Tech Publications

Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines are a notable class of heterocyclic compounds with potent protein kinase inhibitor (PKI) activity, playing a critical role in targeted cancer therapy. Protein kinases, key regulators in cellular signalling, are frequently disrupted in cancers, making them important targets for small-molecule inhibitors. This review explores recent advances in pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine synthesis and their application as PKIs, with emphasis on inhibiting kinases such as CK2, EGFR, B-Raf, MEK, PDE4, BCL6, DRAK1, CDK1 and CDK2, Pim-1, among others. Several synthetic strategies have been developed for the efficient synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines, including cyclization, condensation, three-component reactions, microwave-assisted methods, and green chemistry approaches. Palladium-catalyzed crosscoupling …

Using Walk Audits To Understand Neighborhood Environmental Problems, Megan Heckert, Randall Cream, Christina Rosan

Sustainability Research & Practice Seminar Presentations

Dr. Megan Heckert, Geography and Planning, Dr. Randall Cream, English, and Dr. Tina Rosan, Temple University Geography, Environment, and Urban Studies, present "Using Walk Audits and Storytelling to Understand Neighborhood Environmental Problems".

Accelerated Multiobjective Calibration Of Fused Deposition Modeling 3d Printers Using Multitask Bayesian Optimization And Computer Vision, Craig S. Ganitano, Benji Maruyama, Gilbert L. Peterson

Faculty Publications

Proper process parameter calibration is critical to the success of fused deposition modeling (FDM) three-dimensional (3D) printing, but is time-consuming and requires expertise. While existing systems for autonomous calibration have demonstrated success in calibrating for a single objective, users may need to balance multiple conflicting objectives. Herein, an easily deployable, camera-based system for autonomous calibration of FDM printers that optimizes for both part quality and completion time is presented. Autonomous calibration is achieved through a novel, multifaceted computer vision characterization and a multitask learning extension to Bayesian optimization. The system is demonstrated on four popular filament types using two distinct …

Classification Of Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder And Major Depressive Disorder With Comorbid Traits And Deep Learning Algorithms, Vishwajit L Nimgaonkar, Daniel R Weinberger, Shizhong Han, Zhongming Zhao, Jingchun Chen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Many psychiatric disorders share genetic liabilities, but whether these shared liabilities can be utilized to classify and differentiate psychiatric disorders remains unclear. In this study, we use polygenic risk scores (PRSs) of 42 traits comorbid with schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BIP), and major depressive disorder (MDD) to evaluate their utilities. We found that combining target specific PRS with PRSs of comorbid traits can improve the classification of the target disorders. Importantly, without inclusion of PRSs from targeted disorders, we can still classify SCZ (accuracy 0.710 ± 0.008, AUC 0.789 ± 0.011), BIP (accuracy 0.782 ± 0.006, AUC 0.852 ± 0.004), …

Lab Practical: Rapid Scan Epr, Gareth R. Eaton

TeachEPR Submissions

• To develop an understanding of the rapid scan experiment relative to other EPR methods.
• To observe the effects of scan rate on samples with differing T₂ relaxation times.

Motion Of Nitroxide Radicals, Gareth R. Eaton

TeachEPR Submissions

A brief outline is presented of how motion of a nitroxide radical can be estimated from the continuous wave (CW) EPR line shape.

Variations In Hawaiian Plume Flux Controlled By Ancientmantle Depletion, Paul Béguelin, Andreas Stracke, Maxim D. Ballmer, Shichen Huang, Michael Wilig, Michael Bizimis

Faculty Publications

Mantle plumes—upwellings of buoyant rock in Earth's mantle—feed hotspot volcanoes such as Hawai‘i. The size of volcanoes along the Hawai‘i–Emperor chain, and thus the magma flux of the Hawaiian plume, has varied over the past 85 million years. Fifteen and two million years ago, rapid bursts in magmatic production led to the emergence of large islands such as Pūhāhonu, Maui Nui and Hawai‘i, but the underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic. Here, we use new radiogenic Ce–Sr–Nd–Hf isotope data of Hawaiian shield lavas to quantify the composition and proportion of the different constituents of the Hawaiian plume over time. We find that …

Infrared Cooling In An Anharmonic Cascade Framework: 2-Cyanoindene, The Smallest Cyano-Pah Identified In Tmc-1, Mark H. Stockett, Vincent J. Esposito, Eleanor K. Ashworth, Ugo Jacovella, James N. Bull

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Infrared (IR) cooling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules is a major radiative stabilization mechanism of PAHs present in space and is the origin of the aromatic infrared bands (AIBs). Here, we report an anharmonic cascade model in a master equation framework to model IR emission rates and emission spectra of energized PAHs as a function of internal energy. The underlying (simple harmonic cascade) framework for fundamental vibrations has been developed through the modeling of cooling rates of PAH cations and other carboneaous ions measured in electrostatic ion storage ring experiments performed under “molecular cloud in a box” conditions. The …

Discovery And Functional Characterization Of Biomarkers In Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma, Wagma Caravan

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Not all tumors are created equally, nor should they be treated as such. Modern research has uncovered a multitude of genetic aberrations, genomic dysregulation, and epigenetic modifications that contribute to cancer. While cancers are classified based on their tissue of origin and may share common features or pathways, the tumor microenvironment is far from uniform. It comprises a dynamic network of cell populations with divergent genomic profiles, all of which collectively drive tumor progression—with some tumors more efficient and aggressive than others. The heterogeneity within these tumors makes it notoriously harder to treat, as standard therapies fail to address the …

Rapid Prediction Of Coastal Flooding With Deep Neural Networks, Ali Shahabi, Navid Tahvildari

Graduate Student Government Association Research Conference

With the increasing impact of climate change and relative sea level rise, low-lying coastal communities face growing risks from extreme storm tides and recurrent nuisance flooding. Thus, timely and reliable predictions of coastal water levels are critical to resilience in vulnerable coastal areas. Over the past decade, enormous efforts have been made to utilize machine learning (ML) based data-driven models for the emulation and prediction of storm tides. However, flood advisory systems still rely on running computationally demanding real-time hydrodynamic models. because developing highly reliable ML-based models suitable for real-time forecasting and capable of capturing any surge levels is challenging. …

Optimized Hiv/Aids Resource Allocation In Ohio: A Linear Programming Approach, Godfred Ahenkroa Kesse

Data Science and Data Mining

This study employs a linear and integer programming approach to optimize HIV resource allocation in Ohio, aiming to minimize new infections and enhance the impact of limited resources. With the advances in HIV prevention and treatment, Ohio faces challenges in addressing disparities in access to healthcare, particularly among high-risk populations. The proposed model integrates data on infection rates, transmission patterns, demographic factors, and cost-effectiveness to provide a decision-support framework for policymakers. Using epidemiological data and equity constraints, the model prioritizes high-risk regions and populations while ensuring fair resource distribution. Results indicate that increased funding allocations significantly enhance the potential to …

Types Of Epr Resonators, Gareth R. Eaton

TeachEPR Submissions

Fundamental properties of resonators are described with photographs of a variety of actual EPR resonators.

Distances Between Spins, Gareth R. Eaton

TeachEPR Submissions

• Distance measurement by measuring T₁ and T_2.
• Relation to DEER and CW simulation and half-field intensity.
• Dipolar and exchange interactions.
• The dynamic NMR spectral collapse picture.

Epr Workshop: Lab Practicals Summary, Gareth R. Eaton

TeachEPR Submissions

• Basics – nitroxide and trityl
• Nitroxides
• Metals - vanadyl
• Pulse
• Rapid scan

Workshop On Quantitative Epr, Dave Barr, Sandra S. Eaton, Gareth R. Eaton, Ralph T. Weber, Patrick Carl, Peter Höfer, Richard W. Quine, George A. Rinard, Colin Mailer

TeachEPR Submissions

Presentations on quantitative EPR at the workshop that preceded the writing of our text, Quantitative EPR.

Presented at the 31^st Annual EPR Symposium in Breckenridge, Colorado on July 27, 2008.

Vanadium Line Shapes, Gareth R. Eaton

TeachEPR Submissions

VO²⁺ complexed with water, acetylacetonate, and/or other ligands yields a well-resolved 8-line spectrum (I = 7/2 for V) in solution. Powder spectra show that the hyperfine couplings are anisotropic.

Plc-Controlled Intelligent Conveyor System With Ai-Enhanced Vision Of Efficient Waste Sorting, Natheer Almtireen, Nathir Rawashdeh, Viraj Reddy, Max Sutton, Alexander Nedvidek, Caden Karn, Et. Al.

Michigan Tech Publications

Current waste sorting mechanisms, particularly those relying on manual processes, semi-automated systems, or technologies without Artificial Intelligence (AI) integration, are hindered by inefficiencies, inaccuracies, and limited scalability, reducing their effectiveness in meeting growing waste management demands. This study introduces a prototype waste sorting machine that integrates an AI-driven vision system with a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) for high-accuracy automated waste sorting. The system, powered by the YOLOv8 deep learning model, achieved sorting accuracies of 88% for metal cans, 75% for paper, and 91% for plastic bottles, with an overall precision of 90%, a recall of 80%, and a mean average …

Active Learning-Based Automated Construction Of Hamiltonian For Structural Phase Transitions: A Case Study On Batio3, Mian Dai, Yixuan Zhang, Nuno Fortunato, Peng Chen, Hongbin Zhang

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

The effective Hamiltonians have been widely applied to simulate the phase transitions inpolarizable materials, with coefficients obtained by fitting to accurate first-principlescalculations. However, it is tedious to generate distorted structures with symmetry constraints,in particular when high-ordered terms are considered. In this work, we implement and apply aBayesian optimization-based approach to sample potential energy surfaces, automating theeffective Hamiltonian construction by selecting distorted structures via active learning. Taking BaTiO3(BTO) as an example, we demonstrate that the effective Hamiltonian can be obtainedusing fewer than 30 distorted structures. Follow-up Monte Carlo simulations can reproduce thestructural phase transition temperatures of BTO, comparable to experimental values …

Biobased Acrylate Composites With Enhanced Strength For Additive Manufacturing, Nicole Wagner, Joseph Mcwherter

Engineering Faculty Articles and Research

With the expanding use of polymers in additive manufacturing, sustainable resins for use in vat photopolymerization are required to reduce their environmental impact. One promising approach to achieve this is to incorporate biobased fillers that replace the acrylates in photopolymer resins as ‘green’ alternatives. In this study, photopolymer composites consisting of a methacrylate resin with varying calcium carbonate powder content between 0 and 50 wt.% were investigated. A digital light processing technique was used to fabricate tensile test specimens for mechanical testing. Good printability, dimensional accuracy, and good interlayer adhesion were observed for composite resin formulations that incorporated calcium carbonate …

Exploring Single Cell Microbial Protein As A Sustainable Fishmeal Alternative In Yellowtail Kingfish (Seriola Lalandi) Diets: Impacts On Health And Gut Microbiome, Luke Pilmer, Lindsey Woolley, Alan Lymbery, Chinh Dam, Abigail Elizur, Md Javed Foysal, Gavin Partridge

Fisheries Research Articles

Background

With the global expansion of aquaculture and the increasing demand for fish meal, identifying appropriate and sustainable alternative protein sources for aquafeeds has become essential. Single-cell protein (SCP), derived from methanotrophic bacteria, presents a promising alternative by converting methane into protein, potentially addressing both the need for alternative protein sources and reducing industrial greenhouse gas emissions. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different levels of SCP inclusion (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% fish meal replacement) on the health, gene expression, and gut microbiome of yellowtail kingfish (YTK, Seriola lalandi) following a 35-day growth trial.

Results

The …

Effective Learning Strategies In Stem, Muzammil Arshad, Rebecca R. Romatoski, Mamoona Muzammil

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Chemistry)

Effective learning strategies were developed, implemented, and applied at five separate institutions of higher education in the United States, and one in the Middle East. The research has been dedicated to determining effective learning strategies for student learning and success. The research series developed grading rubric for homework and exams, developed a course structure for hybrid and face-to-face courses in STEM, and studied the impact of the syllabus design on student learning and motivation. A pedagogical methodology constituting the designed course structure was utilized to use various activity-based modules. Course lectures were designed to utilize PowerPoint presentations and/or OneNote as …

Impacts Of Changing Temperatures On The Water Budget In The Great Salt Lake Basin, Grace Affram, Jihad Othman, Reza Morovati, Saddy Pineda Castellanos, Sajad Khoshnoodmotlagh, Diana Dunn, Braedon Dority, Katherine Osorio Diaz, Cody Ratterman, Wei Zhang

Plants, Soils and Climate Student Research

Quantifying the water budget in the Great Salt Lake (GSL) basin is a nontrivial task, especially under a changing climate that contributes to increasing temperatures and a shift towards more rainfall and less snowfall. This study examines the potential impacts of temperature thresholds on the water budget in the GSL, emphasizing the influence on snowmelt, evapotranspiration (ET), and runoff under varying climate warming scenarios. Current hydrological models such as the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model use a universal temperature threshold to partition snowfall and rainfall across different regions. Previous studies have argued that there is a wide range of thresholds …

Ultrathin-Layer Strain-Based Electronic Devices: From-First-Principles Derivation Of The Corresponding Equation, Julio C. Urenda, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Most information about the world comes from sensors -- and from the results of processing sensor data. In many practical situations -- e.g., in biomedical applications -- it is desirable to make sure that the sensors are as "invisible" as possible, in particular, that they are as small as possible. One way to achieve such small size is to use ultrathin-layer materials such as graphene. It is known that for such materials, strain causes electromagnetic effects -- which can be used to detect small strains. Interestingly, it turned out that the same equation describes the relation between strain and electric …