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Articles 11041 - 11070 of 291657

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

A Study Of Grassland Utilization Conditions In The Eastern Part Of Inner Mongolia By Analyzing Landsat Mss Imagery, Mei An-Xin Jul 2025

A Study Of Grassland Utilization Conditions In The Eastern Part Of Inner Mongolia By Analyzing Landsat Mss Imagery, Mei An-Xin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The present paper used images of Landsat 1.2.3.4 MSS as fundamental data. By integrating visual interpretation with optical, computer and other imagery processing methods, interpretation keys for different types of land-use were identified. A system of classification of land-use was suggested. After having worked out some maps showing the present conditions of utilization of grassland in the eastern part oflnner Mongolia and its adjacent areas, the author attempted to make an analytical study of grassland utilization.

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A Research On Using Landsat Image To Interpret The Grassland Climatic Resources, Yang Mei Hua, Gu Wei Jul 2025

A Research On Using Landsat Image To Interpret The Grassland Climatic Resources, Yang Mei Hua, Gu Wei

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Using the messages provided by the Landsat images to interpret the local climatic resources is a new problem in the field of the usage of remote sensing. This method has more important significance in the steppes and mountains lacking data. The thesis is a research report in this aspect. The emphasis of the thesis is placed on two aspects, one is that of using the remote sensing images to interpret the local climatic resources; the other is to establish the relation between the characteristics of the images and the ground climatic data. The interpreting tests are made for the grassland …

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An Analysis Of Remote Sensing To Surface Water Resources In Hulenbeier Prairie, Neimenggu, Chen Qinluan, Wang Huihui, Xiong Jiangbo Jul 2025

An Analysis Of Remote Sensing To Surface Water Resources In Hulenbeier Prairie, Neimenggu, Chen Qinluan, Wang Huihui, Xiong Jiangbo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This paper expounds that the geographic characteristics of the drainage basin are analysed and the maps of ground surface types are drawn by using LANDSAT imagery, and that the surface water resources in Hulenbeier Prairie are analysed and estimated by using the conventional hydro logic data based on these maps. The estimating problems of surface water resources of basin in the vast areas lacking data can be resolved via the analytic method of hydrologic remote sensing and the scientific basis of the aspect of water resources can be provided for rational development and useness of grassland re sources.

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Remote Sensing Analysis Of The Grassland Degradation In Hailar Area, Zhao Ji, Zhou Qiming, Fan Weihong Jul 2025

Remote Sensing Analysis Of The Grassland Degradation In Hailar Area, Zhao Ji, Zhou Qiming, Fan Weihong

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This study is aimed to describe the present conditions of the degradation of grassland in Hailar Area, Inner Mongolia, China and to explain the causes of degradation in this area so as to provide scientific basis for forming projects of using the grassland more efficiently and preventing from degradation more effectively. Based on the interpretation of Landsat images and geographical analysis of information obtained from field investigation, a classification system including desertificated, salinzed, marshy and overgrazed grassland has been established and the map of grassland degradation in this area has been complied. The methods used enhance the mapping process to …

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Remote Sensing For Grassland Monitoring In Inner Mongolia, Li Bo, Yong Shi Peng Jul 2025

Remote Sensing For Grassland Monitoring In Inner Mongolia, Li Bo, Yong Shi Peng

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grassland monitoring is observing periodically a special biome or an ecological area. Because of the wide area and unceasingly changing of natural grassland, its dynamic monitoring is an essential base for the management of grassland resources. By analysing different phasic and different yearly satellite images, this paper shows that the remote sensing is very effective for monitoring the change of surface water, grazing intensity, and use, desertification and fire in the steppe region.

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Ecological And Economic Characteristics Of Mountainous Grassland In Subtropical Zone Of South-Western China, S R. Zhou, Y M. Gan, C L. Pu Jul 2025

Ecological And Economic Characteristics Of Mountainous Grassland In Subtropical Zone Of South-Western China, S R. Zhou, Y M. Gan, C L. Pu

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ecological economic characteristics of grassland as optimum utilization of mountainous grasslands in subtropical zone of China is described. This study has been laid out at five sites from different altitudes above sea level for four years. At the same time, some survey of cultivated grassland and others has been carried on in similar places. The valuable materials obtained are shown as: (1) seasonal movement of plant biomass; (2) monthly movement of forage yield & growth-rate; (3) herbage regrowth and (4) soil erosion resistance of grassland and adaptation of herbage for grazing etc. Based on these materials, farmers would decide exactly …

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Ecology And Productive Potential Of Chusquea Genus (Bambusoideae) In Chilean Southern Humid Ecosystems, V E. Riveros, P Tellez, M Iwamoto Jul 2025

Ecology And Productive Potential Of Chusquea Genus (Bambusoideae) In Chilean Southern Humid Ecosystems, V E. Riveros, P Tellez, M Iwamoto

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In a southern Chilean humid ecosystem, the productive potentiality of Chusquea coleu and Ch. quila was studied for animal utilization. During 2 years was seasonally recorded crude protein, neutro detergent fibre and dry matter in vitro digestibility. Also was analized the production of leaves and sprigs, and culms (utilizable and not by livestock, respectively). It was recorded a remarkable seasonality in dry matter production as well as in quality charateristics in both species. Results let conclude that both species could be an interesting animal feed resource specially in seasons in which the pasture is in a critical stage of growth, …

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Characteristics Of Structure And Function Of Alpine Meadow Ecosystem And Scientific Management, Zhou Xingmin Jul 2025

Characteristics Of Structure And Function Of Alpine Meadow Ecosystem And Scientific Management, Zhou Xingmin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This work was carried out at Haibei Research station of Alpine Meadow Ecosystem. The structure of Alpine meadow ecosystem is simple. The net primary productivity above ground is about 1905 kg/ha/year, which is equivalent to 8.5616 x 106 kilocalories/ha/year. Energy distribution of Alpine meadow ecosystem is irrational. The main secondary consumers in Alpine meadow ecosystem are Xinzan sheep and Ochotona curzoniae. The net primary productivity above ground per ha. can feed 2.8 sheep. There are 70.36 Ocbotona curzoniae/ha at Haibei Research station. They are more than a sheep can consume. At the same time, low rate of matter …

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A Study On Application Of Landsat Imagery To Grassland Resource Surveys, Xia Jing Xin, Chia Shen Siu, Chang Xiao Guo Jul 2025

A Study On Application Of Landsat Imagery To Grassland Resource Surveys, Xia Jing Xin, Chia Shen Siu, Chang Xiao Guo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The emergence of remote sensing has provided an advanced means for surveys and planning of grassland resources. In 1979, China started and since then has developed technical cooperations in agricultural remote sensing with FAO and UNDP respectively. With the cooperation, National Training and Application Center for Agricultural Remote Sensing was established at Beijing Agricultural University. We study on application of remote sensing to grassland resource surveys total area of 50,000 km2. All those indicate that remote sensing provides a mean of grassland surveys to achieve greater, faster, better and more economical results and also bears extensive prospects for use on …

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The Application Of Remote Sensing Technology To The Resource Investigation Of Inner Mongolia, Chen Kai, Li Bo Jul 2025

The Application Of Remote Sensing Technology To The Resource Investigation Of Inner Mongolia, Chen Kai, Li Bo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This paper is a comprehensive report and explanation of a large scale research project carried out for the investigation of grassland in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. In the paper, the nature of the grassland resources in Inner Mongolia, the purposes of the research project, the organization of the research forces, the methods applied in the research, the chief results of the project, and the problems to be further solved have all been briefly discussed.

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An Application Of Fuzzy Cluster Analysis In The Classification Of Grazing Retrogressive Succession Stages Of The Stipa Steppe, Chen Qing Cheng Jul 2025

An Application Of Fuzzy Cluster Analysis In The Classification Of Grazing Retrogressive Succession Stages Of The Stipa Steppe, Chen Qing Cheng

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In this paper, two methods of Fuzzy Cluster Analysis-the A cut-set classification and the Interative Self-organization Data Analysis technique (ISODATA method)-are introduced to the classification of plant communities. The results show that using these methods, one may classify a number of sample quadrats obtained from vegetation mosaic which fails to possess definite lines among communities by means of random sampling rapidly and correctly. Moreover, it seems that the combination of the principal components analysis (PCA) and the ISODATA method in the classification is successful in reducing the subjective influence of the research worker and their results can be compared and …

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Models For Short Term Prediction Of Grazing Grassland Productivity: Population Model Vs. Ecosystem Model, M Shiyomi, N Koyama, M Tsuiki Jul 2025

Models For Short Term Prediction Of Grazing Grassland Productivity: Population Model Vs. Ecosystem Model, M Shiyomi, N Koyama, M Tsuiki

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ecosystem models to analyse energy and matter flows in Japanese grazing grassland have been developed during the past 10 years. These models have contributed much to ecosystem studies but they are not suitable, from the farmers' viewpoint, for predicting grassland productivity for two reasons: (1) as they have generally large and complex structures, they do not fit individual farmers' small personal computers; and (2) they contain so many variables that farmers cannot measure precise values of all of them in their fields. In this paper, we propose six small simple population models for describing plant and animal growth which can …

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Energy Conversion Efficiencies In Grazing Grassland At Different Stocking Rates, S Takahashi, M Shiyomi, T Akiyama, T Okubo Jul 2025

Energy Conversion Efficiencies In Grazing Grassland At Different Stocking Rates, S Takahashi, M Shiyomi, T Akiyama, T Okubo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effect of stocking rates on the energy conversion efficiency was examined on a grazing pasture over an eight year period from 1974. Annual stocking rates were in the range of 117-523 animal-unit days (AUD)/ha over eight years. Photosynthetically active radiation, net primary production by herbage plants and the amounts consumed by grazing cattle were measured during the plant growing season (from late March to late November). For estimations of stored energy in cattle, ARC feeding standards (1965) using the daily increment for body weight were adopted. Energy conversion efficiencies from solar energy through plants and animals were calculated as …

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Energy Flow Through Cell Wall And Cellular Contents Of Plants On Grazing Pasture, N Koyama, M Tsuiki, M Shiyomi Jul 2025

Energy Flow Through Cell Wall And Cellular Contents Of Plants On Grazing Pasture, N Koyama, M Tsuiki, M Shiyomi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Energy flow from sun to grazing animals, especially the functions of cellular contents (CC) and cell wall (CW) in this regard, was examined at the Fujinita Experimental Grazing Pasture of the National Grassland Research Institute, Tochigi which is situated at 36 °55'N and 136 °58 E, with a mean annual air-temperature of 12.3 °C and mean annual rainfall 1631 mm. Grazing experiments were conducted under two different nitrogen application regimes in 1983 and 1984. The net primary production was 53 and 33 Mkcal/ha/yr for plot of high (HN) and low (LN) nitrogen applications, respectively. Dry matter of the standing crop …

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Comparison Of Energy Conversion During Forage Production And Supplemental Investment Efficiencies In Different Livestock Feed Production Systems, T Akiyama, M Shiyomi, S Takahashi Jul 2025

Comparison Of Energy Conversion During Forage Production And Supplemental Investment Efficiencies In Different Livestock Feed Production Systems, T Akiyama, M Shiyomi, S Takahashi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Solar and supplemental energy dynamics were compared for several years in three different livestock feed production systems including, a) double cropping with barley and corn for whole-crop-silage, b) perennial cutting meadow of orchardgrass for hay-making, and c) grazing by fattening Holsteins with six cool-season grasses. The results obtained are; (1) In the double cropping system, the plot receiving slurry manure (S2) maintained the highest energy yield (3.86xl05MJ, 92,350 Meal of energy for each hectare of land, or 0.94% of overall efficiency as compared to global solar radiation) throughout the 5-year experimental period. (2) From the orchardgrass meadow, 1. 93x105MJ, 46,130 …

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Interaction Of Component Cultivars In Grass-Alfalfa Mixtures, T Wakimoto, Y Satake, M Tagawa, T Kitamori Jul 2025

Interaction Of Component Cultivars In Grass-Alfalfa Mixtures, T Wakimoto, Y Satake, M Tagawa, T Kitamori

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Red clover and white clover do not produce sufficiently for mixtures for hay or silage in the central district of Hokkaido. Alfalfa, for its part, is not yet widely cultivated in this district despite its superior longevity and higher productivity. The objective of this research is to verify the compatibility of alfalfa cultivars mixed with orchardgrass and timothy to give the grass species suited well to local conditions. Orchardgrass and timothy cultivars were mixed with a red clover cultivar and an alfalfa cultivar in Experiment 1 and with erect, medium and prostrate type alfalfa cultivars in Experiment 2, in one …

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A Comparison Of The Herbage Yield Of Three White Clovers (Trifolium Repens) Of Differing Leaf Size, M L. Smetham Jul 2025

A Comparison Of The Herbage Yield Of Three White Clovers (Trifolium Repens) Of Differing Leaf Size, M L. Smetham

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A good level of cool season activity is desirable in pasture plants for use in New Zealand. However, while the mechanisms contributing to this have been intensively studied in grasses, this is not so for legumes. An experiment was designed to study the components of vegetative yield contributing to the cool season growth of three white clover ecotypes of differing leaf size. Measurements of growth on a marked stolon showed that during winter, spring and early summer the DM yield ( consisting of leaf growth on a tagged stolon) of the large-leaved ecotype exceeded that of the smaller-leaved white clover …

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Survival Of A White Clover Cultivar In New Zealand Hill Pasture, J.F L. Charlton, J R. Sedcole Jul 2025

Survival Of A White Clover Cultivar In New Zealand Hill Pasture, J.F L. Charlton, J R. Sedcole

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

100 'Grasslands Huia' white clover plants were planted in autumn 1979 at each of 3 hill pasture sites with wet, moist or dry annual soil moisture status. Surviving plants were counted and measured for leaf number, mean leaf size and plant spread 4 times per year for 4 years. Generally, plants with more leaves or greater spread were more likely to survive. Survival was greatest (27% after 4 years) at the dry site, which had fewer plant pests and a grazing management that permitted rapid spring growth.

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Growth Characteristics Of Subterranean Clover Cultivars In Mixtures At Varying Temperature And Moisture Levels, G.W King, A M. Bowman Jul 2025

Growth Characteristics Of Subterranean Clover Cultivars In Mixtures At Varying Temperature And Moisture Levels, G.W King, A M. Bowman

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Subterranean clover cultivars are being increasingly found in mixed strain sowings in Australia. Mixed sowing or oversowing may be done deliberately to overcome the problem of the high oestrogen content of some older strains in established pastures. However, some of the existing cultivars have aggressive growth characteristics, and may not be easy to replace. Identification of competitive characteristics and competition between strains needs examination. Three cultivars (Larisa, Yarloop and Woogenellup) were grown alone and in mixtures at three temperature levels and either at field capacity or at below 50% of field capacity in glasshouse trials. Larisa appeared to be suppressed …

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Some Questions On Evaluating The Role Of Shoot And Root Competition By Partition Technique, T Yamada Jul 2025

Some Questions On Evaluating The Role Of Shoot And Root Competition By Partition Technique, T Yamada

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effects of soil and aerial partitions separating shoot and root competition on plant weight of competing species were compared between the experimental data in six studies previously reported by some authors. Soil partition was found to be mainly operative in five experiments using two grass species so that a winner species can be promoted in growth while a loser species suppressed. In one study, in which a grass-clover combination was used, in contrast, aerial partition was effective in promoting the growth of a winner and in suppressing that of a loser. Corresponding to these effects, in general, plant weights …

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Analysis And Simulation Of Competition Between Clover And Grass In Mixed Pastures, Tony R.O Field, P Roger Ball Jul 2025

Analysis And Simulation Of Competition Between Clover And Grass In Mixed Pastures, Tony R.O Field, P Roger Ball

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Maximum herbage accumulation rates of perennial ryegrass and white clover in monocultures can be predicted fr measurements om of leaf production responses to environmental variables. A model has been developed to take the next step and estimate growth of ryegrass and clover in mixtures using data from monocultures studies. Prediction of competitive dairyfarms. relationships Widespread was required observations as part indicate of an that white investigation clover of in mass mixtures balances is for often nitrogen severely (N) in constrained mixed by pastures its on companion New Zealandgrasses.

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The Species Composition Index: A Tool For Explaining Variability In Steer Grazing Experiments, Henry A. Fribourg, J B. Mclaren Jul 2025

The Species Composition Index: A Tool For Explaining Variability In Steer Grazing Experiments, Henry A. Fribourg, J B. Mclaren

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Forage growth and consumption, and animal performance were estimated in two beef steer (Bos sp.) backgrounding experiments concurrently with several environmental, plant, and animal characteristics. This paper describes, evaluates and validates a technique that combines the dynamic changes in species composition of grass-legume pastures over time into a Species Composition Index (SCI). This index then can be related to the effects of year, season, grazing pressure, forage quality, precipitation, and air temperature on forage growth and consumption, and animal performance. The SCI was compared to the traditional classification variable 'treatment' to describe seven different pasture conbinations of forage species for …

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Root Competition And Productivity In Mono-And Binary Association Of Four Forage Species, Ho-Jin Lee, Myeong-Je Cho Jul 2025

Root Competition And Productivity In Mono-And Binary Association Of Four Forage Species, Ho-Jin Lee, Myeong-Je Cho

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the root system and forage production in intra- and inter-specific stands of four forage crops; orchard grass, smooth bromegrass, ladino clover, and alfalfa. Crop competitions were noticed from early growth stage and affected to crop growth and forage production significantly. Orchardgrass was the most aggressive species and ladino clover the least. But mixture of orchardgrass-ladino clover had the highest forage production and the highest root density at the end of first-year-growth. In the evaluation of general competition ability (GCA), orchardgrass with the highest GCA was more dominant in root competition than in shoot. …

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Aspects Of Indicator Plants As Criteria For Grassland Development In Wetland, N Nishimura, T Suyama, N Ohga Jul 2025

Aspects Of Indicator Plants As Criteria For Grassland Development In Wetland, N Nishimura, T Suyama, N Ohga

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In order to decide the critical conditions for grassland development in wetland, we attempted to pick out indicator plants from grassland species. The five investigation sites used were prepared pastures containing moorland situated in the cool-temperate zone. As a result of 426 observations using one-square-meter quadrats, 316 species were confirmed. Using these findings the relationships between floristic composition and soil moisture conditions were analyzed by environmental gradient analysis. The following moisture gradient was observed in the order of species from mesophytic place to humid place; Paa pratensis - Dactylis glomerata - Trifolium repens - Juncus effusus - Scripus wichurae - …

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A Simulation Study On Effects Of Heifer Excreta On Herbage Yields And Potassium Uptake In Grazing Pasture, T Hakamata Jul 2025

A Simulation Study On Effects Of Heifer Excreta On Herbage Yields And Potassium Uptake In Grazing Pasture, T Hakamata

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Two models (a potassium cycling model and an excreta! spatial dispersion model) were constructed to clarify how biased dispersion of potassium(K) and herbage yields occur in a pasture. 18 cases [ ( unexcreted + (urine, dung) x 4 excreted months) x (grass + legume)] were simulated by the K cycling model to obtain standing crops of K and herbage at the end of a growing season. The standing crops per 1 m2 were calculated on all the quadrats in the pasture by using the excreta! dispersion model. The standing crops in each of 18 cases were assumed to be normally …

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Seed, Seedling And Species Dynamics Of Grazed Annual Pastures In South Australia, E D. Carter, A Lake Jul 2025

Seed, Seedling And Species Dynamics Of Grazed Annual Pastures In South Australia, E D. Carter, A Lake

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The self-regenerating annual legumes mainly the medics (Medicago spp.) and subterranean clover (Trifolium spp.) are vital for maintaining the nitrogen economy of some 40 million hectares of crop and pasture land in Australia. However, new pests and diseases and poor management practices have caused serious decline of these annual legumes in many districts. In recent years a research program to identify the main factors causing legume decline has been started at the Waite Agricultural Research Institute. This research involves (i) studies of seed-seedling dynamics of the annual species of medics in the cereal-livestock zone (350-500mm annual rainfall) where legumes· are …

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Population Regulations Of Rhode Grass (Chloris Gayana) Varieties In Sward Conditions, M Kataoka, K Ibaraki, H Tokunaga Jul 2025

Population Regulations Of Rhode Grass (Chloris Gayana) Varieties In Sward Conditions, M Kataoka, K Ibaraki, H Tokunaga

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In order to appreciate how population regulation of grass varieties occur in sward conditions, seven varieties of Rhodes grass were sown at four densities and grown with four cuttings during the first year, and records were taken of the density of surviving genets, the density of tillers, the mean genet weight and the mean tiller weight. During the experiment the two density-dependent processes of population regulation were observed, viz, density­dependent mortality of genets and density-dependent tillering of surviving genets. As results of these processes, tiller density converged towards a value characteristic of the variety but nearly free from influence of …

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Biological Efficiency Of Alpine Kobresia Grassland And Its Improved Semi-Artificial And Artificial Grasslands, Hu Zizhi, Sun Jixiong, Zhang Zihe, Zhang Yinsheng, Xu Changlin Jul 2025

Biological Efficiency Of Alpine Kobresia Grassland And Its Improved Semi-Artificial And Artificial Grasslands, Hu Zizhi, Sun Jixiong, Zhang Zihe, Zhang Yinsheng, Xu Changlin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Studies of phytomass and solar energy conversion efficiency were made on native alpine Kobresia grassland and its improved semi-artificial and artificial grasslands during June 20 to November 20, 1981, at Tianzhu Alpine Grassland Experiment Station of Gansu Agricultural University, China. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Aboveground total phytomass (standing green + standing dead + litter) of Kobresia grassland was the smallest and artificial grassland largest. On the contrary, underground total phytomass (live roots+ dead roots) of Kobresia grassland was the largest and artificial grassland smallest. Aboveground and underground total phytomass of Kobresia grassland was the largest, semi-artificial grassland …

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Pasture Renovation: The Effect Of Cultivation On The Productivity And Nitrogen Cycling Of A Buffel Grass (Cenchrus Ciliaris) Pasture, T.W G. Graham, R.J K. Myers, J W. Doran, V R. Catchpoole, G B. Robbins Jul 2025

Pasture Renovation: The Effect Of Cultivation On The Productivity And Nitrogen Cycling Of A Buffel Grass (Cenchrus Ciliaris) Pasture, T.W G. Graham, R.J K. Myers, J W. Doran, V R. Catchpoole, G B. Robbins

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Initially vigorous improved grass pastures sown without legume in cleared forest country decline in productivity within five years. Perennial grass pastures become nitrogen (N) deficient with time because N accumlates in less available forms of plant and microbial origin and because additional mineralization of humic N does not occur. Rundown pastures can be rejuvenated by applying N fertilizer but more economical renovation options are sought. Options evaluated in this experiment were-disc ploughing once, 3-month cultivated fallow and resow, discing and oversowing a legume, N fertilizer and spring burning. In old buffel grass ( Cenchrus ciliaris) pastures large reserves of …

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The Effect Of The Rate Of Precipitation And Heat On The Crop Of Grassland, I Vinczeffy Jul 2025

The Effect Of The Rate Of Precipitation And Heat On The Crop Of Grassland, I Vinczeffy

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Our 3-6-year fertilizer experiments aiming at the foundation of a water saving grassland management technology showed various crops in different years. In order to find out the reasons, in 1973 an experiment of several years was started with the mixture of 6 grasses and 2 papilionaceae. The results of the years between 1974-1982 were classified. We established that among our conditions precipitation has a great influence on the seasonal and annual crop of grassland. From the point of view of precipitation, the word "year" is considered as a period between 16th October and 15th October. Temperature has an effect, too, …

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