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Articles 10201 - 10230 of 294560
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Exploring Inorganic And Organometallic Chemistry, W. Christopher Boyd Phd
Exploring Inorganic And Organometallic Chemistry, W. Christopher Boyd Phd
MSL Academic Endeavors eBooks
This textbook, Exploring Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, covers the fundamentals of inorganic and organometallic chemistry for undergraduate and graduate students. Both theories of structure and bonding and reaction chemistry are covered, with applications to the catalysis of organic reactions, biochemistry, and drug design. A modular approach allows for basic materials of each chapter to be covered in an undergraduate course, with more advanced material suitable for M.S. and Ph.D. students."
Enhancing Recommendation Performance Via Stacking Ensemble And Synthetic Data Augmentation, Zahraa Yaareb Hani, Mohsin Hasan Hussein
Enhancing Recommendation Performance Via Stacking Ensemble And Synthetic Data Augmentation, Zahraa Yaareb Hani, Mohsin Hasan Hussein
Karbala International Journal of Modern Science
Recommendation systems are essential tools that primarily aim to help users navigate through a large volume of information. They simplify the decision-making process by suggesting relevant items based on users’ historical behaviour. However, their performance is often affected by common problems such as data sparsity. This work proposes a stacking-based ensemble recommendation system that integrates multiple machine learning models to enhance the model’s predictive performance. A new synthetic data augmentation technique is introduced to address the sparsity issue in the user–item rating matrix. This method uses the Naïve Bayes algorithm to predict additional ratings for each user. These are then …
Novel Eco-Friendly Synthesis Of Coo Nps: Evaluation Of Their Diode Laser-Enhanced Inhibitory Activity Through Combined In Silico And In Vitro Approaches., Arshad Mahdi Hamad, Sahar Naji Rashid
Novel Eco-Friendly Synthesis Of Coo Nps: Evaluation Of Their Diode Laser-Enhanced Inhibitory Activity Through Combined In Silico And In Vitro Approaches., Arshad Mahdi Hamad, Sahar Naji Rashid
Karbala International Journal of Modern Science
In our study, for the first time worldwide, to the best of our knowledge, cobalt oxide nanoparticles (CoO NPs) were synthesized using naringin (Nar) extracted from citrus peels. The properties of the prepared Nar-CoO NPs were studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. All the test results demonstrated the efficiency and success of the nanofabrication process. The solution was then exposed to three types of diode lasers: red (650 nm), green (532 nm), and blue (405 nm). The purpose of this study was …
Simulation Of Rocket Response To Electromagnetic Environments Using Finite Element Modeling, Eden Powers
Simulation Of Rocket Response To Electromagnetic Environments Using Finite Element Modeling, Eden Powers
Fall Showcase for Research and Creative Inquiry
The purpose of this project is to develop a rocket model in FEMAP with NX-Nastran to simulate how a rocket might respond when exposed to external electromagnetic conditions. A simplified model of the SpaceX Starship will be constructed and analyzed to explore how various electromagnetic conditions interact with the rocket’s materials and geometry.
Safety, Security, And… Beavers? An Engineer's Low-Tech Climate Strategy, Matt Mullins
Safety, Security, And… Beavers? An Engineer's Low-Tech Climate Strategy, Matt Mullins
University College: Environmental Policy and Management Capstones
Colorado’s headwaters are the source of drinking water to millions and are a key pillar of the state’s tourism industry. Consequently, they are some of the most vulnerable areas to natural disasters including wildfires, droughts and flooding. Climate change will increase the severity and frequency of these natural disasters. This project focuses on some of the most vulnerable areas from an economic and climate change perspective of Colorado’s headwaters including the Big Thompson River, and the Colorado River. These headwaters located in and around Estes Park, Grand Lake and Rocky Mountain National Park are currently severely impaired. Low-tech process-based restoration …
On Some Algebraic And Dynamical Aspects Of Families Of Polynomials, Prabhakar Ratipal Yadav
On Some Algebraic And Dynamical Aspects Of Families Of Polynomials, Prabhakar Ratipal Yadav
Doctoral Theses
This thesis investigates several arithmetic and algebraic properties of polynomials, with a particular emphasis on irreducibility, monogenity, and the behaviour of iterated polynomial sequences. We first study truncated binomial polynomials over the rationals and establish new affirmative results concerning their irreducibility. A substantial part of the work develops a detailed analysis of Newton polygons under polynomial composition. These structural insights yield broad applications, including criteria for stability and eventual stability of large families of polynomials, as well as precise information about the degrees and number of irreducible factors appearing in their iterates. These ideas further connect to questions about ramification …
Creating An Iot User Centric Security And Privacy Label, Luke Joseph Gleba
Creating An Iot User Centric Security And Privacy Label, Luke Joseph Gleba
Theses and Dissertations
Concerns for cybersecurity awareness and training in the public have been rising at astronomical rates over the past few years. People globally have entered a critical intersection with computers. Computers are being used in everyday life, and users do not have an easy way to understand their own cyber risk. Consumers deserve to know how secure their new Internet of Things (IoT) system is in a quick, efficient way before they purchase the device and while they own it. The following research looks to improve on ideas for the criteria and the development of a security label. Few prototypes currently …
Unless Ai Washes The Dishes, Can We Really Call It Intelligent?, Essraa Nawar
Unless Ai Washes The Dishes, Can We Really Call It Intelligent?, Essraa Nawar
Library Articles and Research
"A few weeks ago, I found myself sitting with a question that keeps resurfacing as AI becomes louder, faster, and everywhere. What happens when the models know everything about our lives except the one thing that matters most in the moment. It is remarkable how much of human decision making is driven not by external information but by internal states. A tightening in the chest. A sudden clarity. A quiet discomfort that redirects us before we can explain why. These signals guide our choices in ways computation cannot replicate."
Synergistic Doping And Coating Strategy For Boosting Na0.7mno2 Cathode Performance In Sodium-Ion Batteries, Ahmad Helaley, Han Yu, Manashi Nath, Xinhua Liang
Synergistic Doping And Coating Strategy For Boosting Na0.7mno2 Cathode Performance In Sodium-Ion Batteries, Ahmad Helaley, Han Yu, Manashi Nath, Xinhua Liang
Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works
Advancing sodium-ion battery (SIB) technology requires novel approaches to optimize cathode materials for improved electrochemical performance. In this study, we employ atomic layer deposition (ALD) to precisely modify the surface of P2-type Na0.7MnO2 cathodes with different coating materials including ZnO, NiO, and Al2O3, followed by post-annealing at 750°C for 10 hours. The strategic combination of ALD and thermal treatment can achieve thin film coating on particle surface and promote element doping into the near-surface lattice, as confirmed by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) analysis. The incorporation of Zn, Al, and Ni results in …
Unraveling Hydration- And Temperature-Induced Structural Transformations Of Linear Poly(Ethylenimine) Using Raman Microscopy And Numerical Unmixing, Miharu Koh, Jay P. Kitt, Andrew D. Pendergast, Joel M. Harris, Shelley D. Minteer, Carol Korzeniewski
Unraveling Hydration- And Temperature-Induced Structural Transformations Of Linear Poly(Ethylenimine) Using Raman Microscopy And Numerical Unmixing, Miharu Koh, Jay P. Kitt, Andrew D. Pendergast, Joel M. Harris, Shelley D. Minteer, Carol Korzeniewski
Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works
Linear poly(ethylenimine) (LPEI) is a hydration-sensitive polymer of interest for its breadth of application in areas that include medicine, energy, and materials science. To facilitate advances, this work demonstrates in situ Raman microscopy and self-modeling curve resolution (SMCR) analysis as an approach for investigating changes in LPEI structure during melting and crystallization under controlled heating and cooling conditions. With focus on neutral (freebase) LPEI, SMCR analysis of Raman data sets showed that the melting transition of anhydrous LPEI was well described by a pair of spectral vectors representing anhydrous crystalline and amorphous states. However, the transition from the melted to …
Behavioral Detection Methods For Automated Mcp Server Vulnerability Assessment, Christian Coleman
Behavioral Detection Methods For Automated Mcp Server Vulnerability Assessment, Christian Coleman
Cybersecurity Undergraduate Research Showcase
The Model Context Protocol (MCP) has emerged as a critical standard for connecting AI agents to external data sources and tools. Still, its adoption has introduced significant security vulnerabilities across multiple attack surfaces. While recent research has catalogued extensive vulnerability taxonomies and attack implementations, automated detection methodologies remain limited. Current detection tools primarily employ static code analysis, which fails to identify behavioral vulnerabilities that only manifest during runtime server interactions. This study explores behavioral detection approaches for identifying MCP server vulnerabilities through systematic query-based testing, with particular emphasis on context manipulation techniques. Preliminary analysis of existing vulnerability research reveals 48 …
2025 November 20 - Tennessee Weekly Drought Summary, Tennessee Climate Office, East Tennessee State University
2025 November 20 - Tennessee Weekly Drought Summary, Tennessee Climate Office, East Tennessee State University
Tennessee Climate Office Weekly Drought Summaries
No abstract provided.
Insider Threat: A Case Study Of The Maroochy Water Services Attack, Samuel Rector
Insider Threat: A Case Study Of The Maroochy Water Services Attack, Samuel Rector
Cybersecurity Undergraduate Research Showcase
In 2000, a former employee at Hunter Watertech went rogue and caused a spill of 800,000 liters of sewage. He leveraged his insider knowledge and access to stolen equipment in order to seek retribution for the company that wronged him. After three months of torment police arrested him and an investigation and many studies were done on the incident. A consensus remains that much of this chaos was preventable with simple cybersecurity implementations.
Converging On The Cepheid Metallicity Dependence: Implications Of Nonstandard Gaia Parallax Recalibration On Distance Measures, Louise Breuval, Gagandeep S. Anand, Richard I. Anderson, Rachael Beaton, Anupam Bhardwaj, Stefano Casertano, Gisella Clementini, Mauricio Cruz Reyes, Giulia De Somma, Lucas M. Macri
Converging On The Cepheid Metallicity Dependence: Implications Of Nonstandard Gaia Parallax Recalibration On Distance Measures, Louise Breuval, Gagandeep S. Anand, Richard I. Anderson, Rachael Beaton, Anupam Bhardwaj, Stefano Casertano, Gisella Clementini, Mauricio Cruz Reyes, Giulia De Somma, Lucas M. Macri
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications
By comparing Cepheid brightnesses with geometric distance measures including Gaia EDR3 parallaxes, most recent analyses conclude metal-rich Cepheids are brighter, quantified as γ ∼ −0.2 mag dex−1 . While the value of γ has little impact on the determination of the Hubble constant in contemporary distance ladders (due to the similarity of metallicity across these ladders), γ plays a role in gauging the distances to metal-poor dwarf galaxies like the Magellanic Clouds and is of considerable interest in testing stellar models. Recently, B. F. Madore & W. L. Freedman (hereafter MF25) recalibrated Gaia EDR3 parallaxes by adding to them a …
The Odds Don’T Lie: Mathematical Reasoning And Societal Ignorance In Don’T Look Up, Nysa Vedwan, Shane Carey
The Odds Don’T Lie: Mathematical Reasoning And Societal Ignorance In Don’T Look Up, Nysa Vedwan, Shane Carey
LASER Journal
In Adam McKay’s 2021 satirical sci-fi movie Don’t Look Up, two astronomers discover a comet heading directly toward Earth. Despite overwhelming evidence and near-certainty of global extinction, their warnings are ignored and ridiculed. This paper discusses the mathematical and scientific foundations of the movie’s social and political reception, and specifically focuses on orbital prediction and probabilistic modeling as they relate to public understanding of risk. This paper shows how data is often undermined by political and social dynamics, by connecting the fictional events of the movie with real-world crises like the COVID-19 pandemic and the climate emergency. In Don’t Look …
The Relationship Between Lineaments And Cave Passages In Unfaulted Gently-Folded Strata, Snail Shell Cave, Central Tennessee, Usa, Mark Abolins, Joseph Firkaly-Paciera, Blake King, Cris Ocasio-Valentin, Jackson Slighter, Teagan Sullivan, Justin Whited
The Relationship Between Lineaments And Cave Passages In Unfaulted Gently-Folded Strata, Snail Shell Cave, Central Tennessee, Usa, Mark Abolins, Joseph Firkaly-Paciera, Blake King, Cris Ocasio-Valentin, Jackson Slighter, Teagan Sullivan, Justin Whited
International Journal of Speleology
Near Snail Shell Cave in central Tennessee, USA, seven image interpreters independently mapped lineaments using a 3DEP LiDAR DTM, revealing geomorphic and structural differences in and near different parts of the cave. MANOVA comparison of lineament and cave passage trend for Western, Central, and Eastern Snail Shell caves reveals statistically significant differences (p <0.05). The Western cave (mean depth 44 m) is in the gently-dipping limb of the Snail Shell anticline, and the Central cave (mean depth 31 m) is in the anticline hinge. In contrast, many Eastern cave passages (mean depth 40 m) cut across the anticline hinge and part of the limb of the Overall syncline. For both the Western and Central caves, a post-hoc Tukey’s HSD test fails to show that lineament trend within 235 m of the cave differs significantly from passage trend, and the test fails to show that the two differ significantly within 235 and 433 m of the Eastern cave. Additional statistical testing fails to show a difference between Western passage trend and bed strike, indicating the likelihood that lineaments and passages developed within strike-joints. However, testing shows a statistically significant difference between passage trend and bed strike for the Central and Eastern caves. The strike of joints inside the Eastern cave shows that it is within a joint zone which penetrates to depths of at least 80 m and is expressed at the surface as an ~4.2 km-long belt of elevated lineament line density. The lack of a statistically significant difference between Eastern passage trend and the trend of a nearby topographic escarpment suggests that many joints are stress release fractures formed during relatively recent erosion. For the Eastern cave, intersections between lineaments and structures would be attractive targets for groundwater exploration at depths typical of wells in carbonates.
Designing And Writing Effective Data Management Plans For Grant Proposals, Rubab Shahzad, Ibis Anette Moreno-Lozano
Designing And Writing Effective Data Management Plans For Grant Proposals, Rubab Shahzad, Ibis Anette Moreno-Lozano
Day Family Research Lab Workshop Series
Fundamentals of research data management and how to create effective Data Management Plans (DMPs).
Mimar-Net: Multiscale Inception-Based Manhattan Attention Residual Network And Its Application To Underwater Image Super-Resolution, Nusrat Zahan, Sidike Paheding, Ashraf Saleem, Timothy C. Havens, Peter C. Esselman
Mimar-Net: Multiscale Inception-Based Manhattan Attention Residual Network And Its Application To Underwater Image Super-Resolution, Nusrat Zahan, Sidike Paheding, Ashraf Saleem, Timothy C. Havens, Peter C. Esselman
Michigan Tech Publications
In recent years, Single-Image Super-Resolution (SISR) has gained significant attention in the geoscience and remote sensing community for its potential to improve the resolution of low-quality underwater imagery. This paper introduces MIMAR-Net (Multiscale Inception-based Manhattan Attention Residual Network), a new deep learning architecture designed to increase the spatial resolution of input color images. MIMAR-Net integrates a multiscale inception module, cascaded residue learning, and advanced attention mechanisms, such as the MaSA layer, to capture both local and global contextual information effectively. By utilizing multiscale processing and advanced attention strategies, MIMAR-Net allows us to handle the complexities of underwater environments with precision …
Characterization Of River Discharge And Interaction With Shallow Groundwater Aquifers Along The Wabash River Using Seismological Methods, Jessica M. Cyr, Xiaotao Yang, Marty D. Frisbee
Characterization Of River Discharge And Interaction With Shallow Groundwater Aquifers Along The Wabash River Using Seismological Methods, Jessica M. Cyr, Xiaotao Yang, Marty D. Frisbee
Discovery Undergraduate Interdisciplinary Research Internship
The interaction between shallow aquifers and local rivers in the West Lafayette, Indiana area remains poorly understood. While surface water levels in the Wabash River and its tributaries are monitored at several USGS stream gauges, groundwater fluctuations are less well documented. Methods using seismic recordings, sensitive to subtle ground vibrations and subsurface structure, provide an alternative to characterize groundwater levels and river discharge. This project analyzes the temporal variations of ambient noise seismic data, examining the relationship to USGS river discharge, precipitation records, and other environmental factors. We currently focus on 1) changes in maximum amplitudes and peak frequencies within …
Effects Of Radiation Type On Charge Transport In Aged Polymers, Zachary J. Gibson, Jr Dennison, Virginie Griseri
Effects Of Radiation Type On Charge Transport In Aged Polymers, Zachary J. Gibson, Jr Dennison, Virginie Griseri
Journal Articles
Spacecraft charging issues are often investigated with simulated space environments and evaluated on pass–fail criteria that may yield little or no information about materials’ properties. It is far more effective to understand and mitigate spacecraft charging issues through investigations of material properties. However, material properties are dynamic in the harsh environment of space. Approximations must be made to simulate the space environment in the laboratory. This article reports on the investigation of the approximation that energy deposition causes the same aging effects in materials irrespective of the type of radiation sources. Samples of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyether-etherketone (PEEK) were irradiated …
Future Vision And Action Recommendations, Sondoss Elsawah, Melissa Haeffner, Anthony Jakeman
Future Vision And Action Recommendations, Sondoss Elsawah, Melissa Haeffner, Anthony Jakeman
Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations
Let us imagine a future world where water management is more fully integrated and supported by the science of sociohydrology and related metadisciplines. This is a vision for the future where the social, cultural, environmental, and economic values of water are explicitly considered through the lens of the science–water policy interface. The ultimate value of research will be measured by how much it supports improvements in water resources and hazards management and, in particular, completes and enriches the science–water policy interface.
Interpreting Extension Professionals' Viewpoints On Agricultural Climate Change Programming, Aaron B. Wilson, Alli Wenman, Samuel Pratsch, Kenneth Genskow, Patrick Robinson, Dennis Todey, Laurie Nowatzke, Namah Chiamo Taku-Forchu, Moses Wanyakha
Interpreting Extension Professionals' Viewpoints On Agricultural Climate Change Programming, Aaron B. Wilson, Alli Wenman, Samuel Pratsch, Kenneth Genskow, Patrick Robinson, Dennis Todey, Laurie Nowatzke, Namah Chiamo Taku-Forchu, Moses Wanyakha
Journal of Extension
We evaluated Extension professionals' attitudes and beliefs from Midwestern "1862" land-grant universities around three themes: prioritizing climate programming, farmers' perceptions, and the role of Extension leadership in building capacity to integrate climate change into programs. Using key informant interviews and a two-hour virtual workshop, we developed 'coordinate planes' to illustrate the tensions and contradictions among the three themes, with participants expressing highly diverse viewpoints across the region. Results identify the need for Extension leadership to support multi-state programs and shared resources that provide consistent guidance and expectations around climate change programming while recognizing the intrinsic state context and values.
An Exploration Of Image Segmentation Techniques For Real-Time Product Detection, Andrew C. Dunton
An Exploration Of Image Segmentation Techniques For Real-Time Product Detection, Andrew C. Dunton
Master's Theses
Recent progress in LLMs enables advanced multimodal understanding, but their high computational cost necessitates monetization strategies like interactive advertising. While bounding boxes show promise for this concept, they can lack precision and visual appeal. Image segmentation offers a superior solution but faces a dual problem: traditional models demand scarce, costly training data, and open-vocabulary segmentation models like SAM are class-agnostic, unable to semantically identify a "consumer product" object class. In this research, we address these limitations by: 1) developing the Prompt-Guided Inpainting Framework (PGIF), which injects negative prompts to generate robustly annotated synthetic segmented product images; 2) investigating the Class-Agnostic …
Human-Drought Systems, Margaret Garcia, Elizabeth Koebele, Melissa Haeffner, Anne F. Van Loon, Newsha Ajami, Claudia Teutschbein, Marjolein Mens, Sylvain Massuel, Christopher White, Burcu Tezcan
Human-Drought Systems, Margaret Garcia, Elizabeth Koebele, Melissa Haeffner, Anne F. Van Loon, Newsha Ajami, Claudia Teutschbein, Marjolein Mens, Sylvain Massuel, Christopher White, Burcu Tezcan
Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations
Advancing our understanding of the processes linking social and hydrological systems is an essential step toward managing drought risk and increasing drought resilience. Over the past decade, numerous studies have advanced our understanding of human influences on drought propagation, drought responses and their immediate and long-term consequences, and decisions and conditions leading to drought resilience. These advances have been achieved through: (1) the development of datasets that document drought progression, hazards, risk, vulnerability, and adaptation capacity; (2) creation of new modeling methods and application of models to build and test theory; and (3) empirical analyses from in depth case studies …
Fair Use In The Age Of Generative Ai: Navigating Copyright Challenges In Educational Contexts, Wendy Wallberg
Fair Use In The Age Of Generative Ai: Navigating Copyright Challenges In Educational Contexts, Wendy Wallberg
Faculty and Staff Publications & Presentations
Generative AI tools are everywhere, but what’s actually allowed when it comes to copyright and teaching? This session breaks down what fair use means in the age of AI, covers current legal cases, and offers practical tools to help educators and institutions use AI responsibly and confidently.
Butte Medical Monitoring Working Group Meeting, Mike Mcanulty, Eric Hassler
Butte Medical Monitoring Working Group Meeting, Mike Mcanulty, Eric Hassler
Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site
No abstract provided.
A Bioarchaeological Study Of The Individuals From The Városfalva Burial Mound In Transylvania, Romania (15th-19th Century), Vanessa C. Reeves
A Bioarchaeological Study Of The Individuals From The Városfalva Burial Mound In Transylvania, Romania (15th-19th Century), Vanessa C. Reeves
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This study explores the lives and deaths of the Szekler people recovered from a burial mound in the Transylvanian village of Városfalva. The Transylvanian plateau is located in present day Romania, and is protected on the east and the south by the Carpathian Mountains. The Szekler people arrived in this area around 1000 CE, and were a nomadic group originating in the Asian Steppes region who later intermarried with various migratory groups as they moved across the Eurasian plains. The Szeklers eventually banded together with the proto-Hungarian Magyar peoples and settled in the Carpathian Basin, the easternmost frontier of the …
Game Hacking & Anti-Cheat Analysis, Quang Hoang
Game Hacking & Anti-Cheat Analysis, Quang Hoang
Cybersecurity Undergraduate Research Showcase
Reverse engineering and analyzing game hacking and anti-cheat mechanisms is a complex and evolving field. This research document explores the history of game hacking, various techniques used in game hacking, and the countermeasures implemented by anti-cheat systems. Through case studies, we illustrate the strategies involved in creating cheats. Specifically, we demonstrate how to hack the open-source game AssaultCube using memory editing and code injection techniques available in Cheat Engine in a step-by-step manner so that the reader can theoretically reproduce the results shown in this paper. We also dissect the game’s anti-cheat mechanisms, identifying their strengths and weaknesses. This document …
A Usv Path Planning Algorithm Under Special Environment Based On Td3-Rrt, Jitong Chen, Jiajia Zhou, Di Wu, Hailong Jiang
A Usv Path Planning Algorithm Under Special Environment Based On Td3-Rrt, Jitong Chen, Jiajia Zhou, Di Wu, Hailong Jiang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In view of USV path planning in special environments such as multiple obstacles, large-size obstacles, and narrow passages, the rapidly-exploring random tree (RRT) algorithm suffers from drawbacks such as a large sampling base, low success rate, and zigzagging planned path. To address these problems, a global path planning algorithm (TD3-RRT) was proposed based on the twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3). The USV path search model was established by combining the RRT algorithm with deep reinforcement learning. Forward looking detection was used to sense the environment to adaptively adjust the step size. The path search direction was exported …
Path Planning For Mobile Robots Based On Improved Artificial Potential Field Algorithm, Chi Zhang, Wei Wei
Path Planning For Mobile Robots Based On Improved Artificial Potential Field Algorithm, Chi Zhang, Wei Wei
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In view of the problems of unreachable target areas and easy local minima in traditional artificial potential field methods, an improved artificial potential field method was proposed. The improved algorithm optimized the repulsive field function by introducing obstacle angle factors and distance factors to control the repulsive force magnitude. At the same time, an additional repulsive force towards the target point was added to solve the problem of unreachable target areas in traditional algorithms. When the robot fell into a local minimum, by introducing turning towards obstacles and turning factors to accurately apply escape forces to the robot, the …