Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Re: Approval Letter For The Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Butte Treatment Lagoons (Btl) Groundwater Treatment System Routine Operations, Maintenance, And Monitoring (Om&M) Plan (Dated August 29, 2025), Emma Rott

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Development Trends And Priority Research Fields Of Electrochemical Discipline In The 15th Five Year Plan Period, Lin Zhuang, Wen-Bin Cai, Heng-Xing Ji, Qing Li, Gong-Wei Wang, Sen Xin, Qing Zhao, Fang-Yi Cheng, Yu-Guo Guo, Lan-Qun Mao, Yang Tian, Fei Wu, Li-Min Zhang, Yan Xiang, Jin-Song Hu, Rui Cao, Li Xiao, Hua-Bing Tao, Wei Xing, Dong-Ping Zhan, Hong-Gang Liao, Mei-Ling Xiao, Bin Ren, Zhang-Quan Peng, Rui Wen, Xiang Wang, Yue-Feng Song, Hou-Fu Lv, Bao-Yu Xia, Guo-Xiong Wang, Jun Cheng, Zhi-Pan Liu, Min Zhou, Bing Huang, Cun-Pu Li, Yu-Qin Zou, Shuang-Yin Wang, Hai-Bo Lin, Zi-Dong Wei

Journal of Electrochemistry

In fulfillment of the national science-and-technology development agenda, the Department of Chemical Sciences of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) convened the Strategic Symposium on the Fifteenth Five-Year (2026–2030) Development Plan for Electrochemistry held in Xiamen on 29 August, 2025—the culminating year of the Fourteenth Five-Year (2021–2025) Development Plan. More than forty leading experts in the field of electrochemistry participated with spanning nine thematic fronts: Interfacial Electrocatalysis, Interfacial Electrochemistry for Energy Storage, Bioelectrochemistry, Electrochemistry of Hydrogen Energy, Electrochemical Micro-/Nano-Manufacturing, Operando Electrochemical Characterization, Electro-Thermal Coupling Catalysis, Theoretical and Computational Electrochemistry, and Electrochemical Synthesis. The forum assembled China’s foremost electrochemical …

High-Voltage Solid-State Lithium Batteries: A Review Of Electrolyte Design, Interface Engineering, And Future Perspectives, Cheng Yang, Zi-Xin Liang, Ming-Yun Zhang, Ming-Zhe Chen, Kai Zhang, Li-Min Zhou

Journal of Electrochemistry

Solid-state lithium batteries have become a research hotspot in the field of large-scale energy storage due to their excellent safety performance. The development of high-voltage positive electrode materials matched with lithium metal anode have advanced the energy density of solid-state lithium batteries close to or even exceeding that of lithium batteries based on a liquid electrolyte, which is expected to be commercialized in the future. However, in high voltage conditions (> 4.3 V), the decomposition of electrolyte components, structural degradation, and interface side reactions significantly reduce battery performance and hinder its further development. This review summarizes the latest research progress …

Fahp-Topsis Model In Ranking Critical Success Factors Of E-Learning: A Comparative Analysis Of Normalization Methods, Judith R. Pande, David Koloseni, Septimi Kitta

Tanzania Journal of Science

The teaching and learning process has become effective and explicit due to the progressive development of e-learning. This has significantly transformed the education framework. As a result, evaluating the usefulness of e-learning requires a detailed understanding of the critical success factors that impact the success of e-learning environments. This study ranked these factors using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making techniques. Specifically, the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process was used to determine the weight of each factor, while the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution was used to rank the factors of e-learning. The study also examined and compared four normalization …

Assessment Of Tumour Control Probability And Equivalent Uniform Dose In Conventional 3d-Crt Vs. Hypo-Fractionated Imrt, Jumaa D. Kisukari, Mwingereza J. Kumwenda, Khamis O. Amour, Ehab M. Attalla, Emmanuel Lugina

Tanzania Journal of Science

Hypo-fractionated (HF) radiotherapy offers a promising solution to improve access to cancer treatment in resource-limited settings, such as developing countries, by reducing the number of treatment sessions compared to conventional fractionation (CF). For effective implementation, evaluating Equivalent Uniform Dose (EUD) and Tumour Control Probability (TCP) is essential to ensure treatment efficacy across different radiotherapy techniques. This study compares treatment plans generated using Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy with Conventional Fractionation (3D-CRT CF) and Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy with Hypo-fractionation (IMRT HF) in patients with localized prostate cancer. A total of 50 patients were CT-simulated, and their images were imported into a …

Energy-Saving Simple Adaptive Recursive Terminal Sliding Mode Control For Industrial Feed Drive Systems, Haryson Johanes Nyobuya

Tanzania Journal of Science

This paper proposes a simple adaptive recursive terminal sliding mode control approach for industrial feed drive systems. The design employs a recursive sliding mode structure that eliminates the reaching phase and ensures finite-time convergence of the tracking error. To mitigate chattering, a second-order nonsingular terminal sliding mode is used and the parameters to compensate for disturbances are obtain in terms of integral form and a proportional terminal term, which enhances disturbance rejection and further guarantees finite-time convergence. The proposed controller significantly reduces the tracking error and saves energy for the feed drive system. Numerical simulations on an industrial feed drive …

A Comparative Study For Classical Machine Learning Models For Swahili Social Media Sentiment Analysis, Mahadia Tunga, Davis David

Tanzania Journal of Science

Despite sentiment analysis being one of the most popular applications in Natural Language Processing (NLP), most studies are skewed towards languages with a rich corpus (language database). Less emphasis has been placed on low-resource languages like Swahili. Swahili is the official language of the African Union and of 4 countries in East Africa, and is spoken by many people on the African continent. This study performed sentiment analysis using 3,000 tweets hosted on the Zindi Africa platform. Data was processed using a term frequency-inverse document frequency vectorization method, and five classical machine learning algorithms (RandomForest, XgBoost, and CatBoost, HistogramGradientBoost, LightGradientBoos) …

Modeling The Effects Of Screening, Vaccination, Treatment, And Non-Pharmaceutical Controls On Leptospirosis Transmission Dynamics, Janeth Michael, Herieth Rwezaura, Goodluck Mlay, Nyimvua Shaban Mbare

Tanzania Journal of Science

Leptospirosis is the world’s most common zoonotic disease and remains a significant public health challenge, particularly in regions with poor sanitation and high exposure risks. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of combined interventions: screening, vaccination, treatment, and non-pharmaceutical controls in reducing leptospirosis transmission in human and domestic animal populations. The study develops and analyzes a deterministic compartmental model with eleven compartments representing human, domestic animal, and bacterial populations. Stability analysis reveals that the Disease-Free Equilibrium (DEF) is globally asymptotically stable when the effective reproduction number is less than a unit ( < 1), ensuring disease eradication under these conditions, whereas the Endemic Equilibrium Point (EEP) remains stable when > 1. The study employs the normalized forward …

Evaluating Weather Research And Forecasting Model In Simulating March-May Rainfall In Tanzania: Implications Of Selecting Parameterization Schemes, Mohamed H. Mohamed, Makungu James Ng'oga

Tanzania Journal of Science

The current study evaluates the performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in simulating seasonal rains of March-May (MAM) in Tanzania, based on the implication of selecting parameterization scheme combinations. The model was configured into two domains with horizontal resolutions of 36 km and 12 km and the initial and lateral boundary conditions were provided by the Climate Forecast System Version 2 at 00 UTC. However, only the inner domain of 12 km was used for analysis, which has a fine horizontal resolution that accounts for small scale features such as terrains. Twelve simulations have been performed using …

Mathematical Analysis Of Toxicants And Diseases Impact On A Prey-Predator System With Control Interventions, Nuru Yazidi Juma, Thadei Damas Sagamiko, James Philbert Mpele

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study developed a generic prey-predator mathematical model incorporating logistic growth for prey and a Holling Type I functional response for predator consumption. Prey-predator interactions form the foundation of ecological balance, but in recent decades these systems have been increasingly threatened by toxicants and infectious diseases. The combined effect of these challenges can lead to severe population declines, biodiversity loss, and ecosystem instability, making their study important for conservation and environmental management. The model includes the effects of diseases and toxicants on prey and toxicants only on predators, and explores optimal control strategies to mitigate these threats. Without considering time …

Rainwater Harvesting For Domestic Use In Suburb Areas Of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania: A Case Study Of Wazo Hill, Scholastica S. Ishengoma, Mahir Mohammed Said, Neema O. Msuya

Tanzania Journal of Science

Despite the increasing reliance of rainwater harvesting in semi-urban areas, there is a lack of comprehensive localized data on the safety of harvested rainwater, particularly in areas such as Wazo Hill where communities predominantly depend on it. This study evaluates the quality of harvested rooftop rainwater intended for human consumption and assesses its compliance with the World health Organization (WHO) and Draft East Africa Standards (DEAS) for drinking water. Rainwater samples were collected from various catchment surfaces and storage systems located in Wazo Hill, Tanzania. A stratified random sampling technique was employed to select the households equipped with rainwater harvesting …

Assessment Of Bacteriological Quality And Physico-Chemical Parameters Of Domestic Water Sources In Relation To Human Health Risk In Kigamboni, Tanzania, Joseph A. Mwakosya

Tanzania Journal of Science

Data on bacteriological quality and physico-chemical parameters is crucial for protection and sustainable utilization of water resources. This study determined bacteriological quality and physico-chemical parameters of well and tap water sourcesin relation to human health risk in Kigamboni, Tanzania. Thirty water samples were collected randomly and analyzed using SPSS software. The mean values for well water samples of pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, Chloride, Sulphate, Nitrate, Phosphate, and Calcium Carbonate were 7.2, 960.27 mg/L, 528.13 mg/L, 1.52 NTU, 288.00 mg/L, 30.13 mg/L, 0.05 mg/L, 0.08 mg/L, and 160.07 mg/L, respectively. The mean values for tap water …

Nickel (Ii) Complex Decorated Zinc-Cadmium Sulfide Type-Ii Heterojunction For Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production, Miza Kombo, Abdul Muhamed, Suleiman Suleiman, An-Wu Xu

Tanzania Journal of Science

The binary metal sulfide Zn_0.5Cd_0.5S has emerged as a promising photocatalyst for hydrogen (H₂) production via visible-light-driven water splitting. However, its practical application is limited by rapid charge carrier recombination and insufficient stability. In this study, nickel (II)-(3-pyridyl) benzimidazole (NPBIm) complexes were synthesized and employed an ultrasonic-assisted method to decorate the surface of Zn_0.5Cd_0.5S, forming a novel metal-complex semiconductor heterostructure system (Zn_0.5Cd_0.5S/NPBIm). This hybrid system significantly enhances photocatalytic H₂ evolution under visible light irradiation. Experimental findings reveal that the incorporation of NPBIm molecules improves the …

Comparative Evaluation Of Dicyclohexylamine And N-Methyldiethanolamine As Corrosion Inhibitors For Top Of Line Corrosion On Api X80 Carbon Steel In Saturated Carbon Dioxide Aqueous Solutions, Frida W. Andalu, Abraham K. Temu, Alfred R. Akisanya, Joseph Yn Philip

Tanzania Journal of Science

This work has evaluated the efficiency of selected volatile corrosion inhibitors in mitigation of top of line corrosion in wet gas pipeline at different temperatures. The main challenge of top of line corrosion in carbon dioxide rich environment is the ability of the volatile corrosion inhibitor to effectively mitigate corrosion at adverse conditions. Electrochemical corrosion experiments using potentiodynamic polarization method were conducted at temperatures of 20 ℃, 35 ℃ and 45 °C to evaluate the efficiency of dicyclohexylamine and n-methyldiethanolamine corrosion inhibitors for top of line corrosion inhibition on carbon steel specimens derived from API X80 natural gas pipelines. The …

Dynamic Lqr Control For Improved Dc Link Voltage Stability In Grid-Integrated Solar Pv System, Peter Makolo, Mwanajuma Gora, Francis Mwasilu, Jackson Justo

Tanzania Journal of Science

The integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems into power grids poses a significant challenge to voltage stability, especially at the DC link. Fluctuations in solar irradiance directly cause power variations and instability in this critical interface. If not properly controlled, this variability can lead to inefficiencies, equipment damage, and widespread grid disturbances. To address the abovementioned challenge, this paper proposes a dynamic converter control strategy designed to enhance DC link voltage stability in grid-integrated solar PV system. The core of the proposed control system is based on a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) mechanism, implemented within a two-stage, PV grid connected system …

Design Of High-Performance Synchronous Reluctance Motor For Hybrid Electric Vehicle Application, Fred Loita, Jackson Justo

Tanzania Journal of Science

This paper presents the simulation-based design of a synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) coupled electromechanical system suitable for the hybrid electric vehicle. The study considers SynRM with a 75kW power rating with the capability to produce up to 125kW maximum power for the electric vehicle. The focus is mainly on rotor and stator design; the angles of the flux-barrier ends are considered to reduce the torque ripple due to the slot harmonics. Reluctance machines are indeed competitive for applications requiring high efficiency at low cost. However, it is a challenging task to find design solutions that ensure structural integrity of the …

Comparative Study On The Application Of Gra, Psi And Hybrid Psi-Gra Techniques For Optimising Turning Parameters In Multi-Criteria Problems, Mussa Iddi Mgwatu

Tanzania Journal of Science

The optimum turning parameters help to justify the investment in machine tools for manufacturing industries. However, solving optimisation models to achieve optimum turning parameters in multi-criteria environment is complex leading to the application of multi-criteria decision-making techniques. This paper compares three multi-criteria decision-making techniques in determining optimum turning process parameters namely spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut. The performance criteria are material removal rate, consumed electrical energy and tool wear rate. Example data for turning process were obtained from other studies while the analyses for multi-criteria decision-making were performed using grey relational analysis (GRA), preference selection index (PSI) …

Heavy Metal Contamination And Health Risks In Katoro's Artisanal Gold Mining Soils, Tanzania, Innocent J. Lugendo, Venance Mwesiga

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study assessed heavy metal contamination in surface soils from artisanal gold mining areas in Katoro, Tanzania, evaluating ecological and human health risks. Thirty-six soil samples were systematically collected from three mining villages (Bingwa, Isenye, and CCM) at varying distances ranging from 30 to 90 m from active mining pits alongside twelve control samples from a non-mining area for comparison purposes. Concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb, and As in soil samples were analyzed using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF). Results revealed severe contamination, with Cr (117–1255 mg/kg), Cu (81–104 mg/kg), and Ni (89–271 mg/kg) exceeding permissible limits. The …

Spatio-Temporal Dynamics Of The Onset And Cessation Of Ond Rainy Season Across Bimodal Regions Of Tanzania, Rajabu J. Mangara, Paul Ts Limbu

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study investigates the temporal variability of the onset, cessation, and duration of the October-November-December (OND) rainy season in the bimodal rainfall region of Tanzania. Utilizing daily precipitation data from the Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation dataset for the period 2014–2023, the study employs the Accumulated Daily Index method to determine the onset and cessation of rains, with the seasonal duration computed as the difference between these dates. Variability in onset, cessation, and season length was quantified using the Coefficient of Variation. The findings highlight significant spatial variability in onset, with early rains in northwestern areas (e.g., Bukoba) and coastal zones, commencing …

Strategies For Obtaining High-Performance Li-Ion Solid-State Electrolytes For Solid-State Batteries, Yi-Cheng Deng, Zi-Chang You, Geng-Zhong Lin, Guo Tang, Jing-Hua Wu, Zhi-Min Zhou, Xiang-Chun Zhuang, Li-Xuan Yang, Zhen-Jie Zhang, Zhao-Yin Wen, Xia-Yin Yao, Chang-Hong Wang, Qian Zhou, Guang-Lei Cui, Ping He, Hui Li, Xin-Ping Ai

Journal of Electrochemistry

With the widespread adoption of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), safety concerns associated with flammable organic electrolytes have become increasingly critical. Solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs), with enhanced safety and higher energy density potential, are regarded as a promising next-generation energy storage technology. However, the practical application of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) remains hindered by several challenges, including low Li⁺ ion conductivity, poor interfacial compatibility with electrodes, unfavorable mechanical properties and difficulties in scalable manufacturing. This review systematically examines recent progress in SSEs, including inorganic types (oxides, sulfides, halides), organic types (polymers, plastic crystals, poly(ionic liquids) (PILs)), and the emerging class of soft …

Forbidden Triples For $2$-Connected Graphs With Minimum Degree Three Which Contain $K_4$ And $K_{2,2}$, Takafumi Kotani, Yoshimi Egawa

Theory & Applications of Graphs

For a family $\mathcal{H}$ of graphs, a graph $G$ is said to be $\mathcal{H}$-free if $G$ contains no member of $\mathcal{H}$ as an induced subgraph. Let $\mathcal{G}_2^{(3)}}(\mathcal{H})$ denote the family of $2$-connected $\mathcal{H}$-free graphs having minimum degree at least $3$. This paper is concerned with families $\mathcal{H}$ of connected graphs with $|\mathcal{H}| = 3$ such that $\mathcal{G}_2^{(3)}}(\mathcal{H})$ is a finite family. In particular, we show that for a connected graph $T$ of order at least $3$ that is not a star, $\mathcal{G}_2^{(3)}(\{K_4,K_{2,2},T\})$ is finite if and only if $T$ is a path of order at most $6$.

Cross-Model Watermarking Via Discriminative Samples For Secure Authentication, Juan Zhao, Yudao Sun, Zhihai Yang, Cai Xu, Hongji Chen, Fan Zhang, Jianxin Li

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Deep neural networks on cloud platforms face growing security threats, with AI services increasingly relying on heterogeneous models for the same task to meet diverse user needs. Existing methods fail to distinguish benign modifications from malicious attacks in cross-model scenarios. To address this challenge, we propose a non-intrusive cross-model watermarking method that generates discriminative samples as universal keys, enabling authentication without altering model parameters or architectures. Specifically, we introduce a margin enhancement loss to amplify confidence gaps between benign and malicious behaviors, ensuring high transferability across models. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate the high efficacy of our proposed …

Efficient Smooth Tensor Train And Tensor Ring Completion For Image Classification Enhancement, Salman Ahmadi-Asl, Roman V. Garaev, Rustam A. Lukmanov, Naeim Rezaeian, Asad Masood Khattak, Manuel Mazzara

All Works

This paper deals with studying the data completion problem for enhancing the image classification task under the pixel removal scenario. In some applications, it happens that a part of the pixels of a given image is lost due to several issues, such as corruption by outliers or artifacts and/or incompleteness due to imprecise data acquisition. This issue results in a completely wrong classification outcome using Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). In this paper we investigate the benefit of data completion in enhancing the classification accuracy of the DNN models to build more robust and stable DNN models. To this end, we …

10.27.2025 Ored Connect, Liz Williamson

ORED Newsletter

ORED Field Fest

OTC Director Candidates

Surface Chemistry-Dependent Binding Interactions Between Kraft Lignin And Polyelectrolyte-Encapsulated Gold Nanoparticles, Oluwaseun Ayodeji Akinsola, Samuel Lohse

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

This study investigated the relationship between gold nanoparticle (AuNP) surface chemistry and the binding affinity of unfractionated kraft lignin to polyelectrolyte-coated AuNPs. Specifically, fluorescence quenching titrations were employed to determine lignin’s binding affinity (K_a) to different charged polymer surfaces displayed on 90 nm citrate-stabilized AuNPs, (poly(allylamine hydrochloride)) (PAH), polyacrylate (PAA), and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC). AuNP–lignin conjugates were characterized by UV–vis absorbance spectroscopy, ζ-potential analysis, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. The characterization data showed that the size, surface charge and aggregation state of the lignin–AuNP conjugates depended on the original surface chemistry of the AuNP, in conjunction …

Gw231123: A Binary Black Hole Merger With Total Mass 190–265 M⊙, A. G. Abac, I. Abouelfettouh, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, R. Espinosa, J. Lawrence, Francisco Llamas Villarreal, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Miriam Ramos Arevalo, Wenhui Wang

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

On 2023 November 23 the two LIGO observatories both detected GW231123, a gravitational-wave signal consistent with the merger of two black holes with masses and (90\% credible intervals), at luminosity distance 0.7-4.1 Gpc and redshift of , and a network signal-to-noise ratio of 20.7. Both black holes exhibit high spins, and respectively. A massive black hole remnant is supported by an independent ringdown analysis. Some properties of GW231123 are subject to large systematic uncertainties, as indicated by differences in inferred parameters between signal models. The primary black hole lies within or above the theorized mass gap where black holes between …

Development Of A Mesothelin-Binding Engineered Scaffold Protein As A Theranostic For Pleural Mesothelioma, Roberto Silvestri, Margherita Piccardi, Alessia Laurenza, Filomena Rea, Allison R. Sirois, Martina Lari, Francesco Bartoli, Giovanni Signore, Lorena Tedeschi, Elisabetta Ferraro, Paola Anna Erba, Roberto Giovannoni, Stefano Landi, Federica Gemignani, Sarah J. Moore

Engineering: Faculty Publications

Mesothelin (MSLN) is a tumor biomarker expressed at high levels on the surface of numerous cancers with extremely limited expression in healthy tissues. MSLN-targeting agents developed for diagnosis and therapy could have a significant impact on the management of MSLN-expressing cancers. Pleural mesothelioma (PM) is a deadly cancer that arises from mesothelial cells lining the pleura and is predominantly linked to asbestos exposure. There are currently no effective treatments, and diagnosis occurs in late stages of disease due to the lack of clinical symptoms in the early stages. Recent efforts to diagnose and treat PM have focused on identifying and …

Variations In Extreme Wet Days During The Ond Rainy Season In Tanzania And Their Linkages To Atmospheric-Oceanic Anomalies, Philemon Henry, Paul Ts Limbu

Tanzania Journal of Science

Extreme rainfall remains one of the leading natural disasters in Tanzania, affecting the majority of citizens and the country’s economy. Understanding the seasonal patterns and associated atmospheric and oceanic anomalies could help mitigate their impacts. The current study investigates changes in seasonal extreme wettest days (EWDs) rainfall in Tanzania and the associated atmospheric and oceanic anomalies during October-December (OND), from 1981 to 2020. EWD is defined as days when daily rainfall meets or exceeds the 99^th percentile. Singular value decomposition (SVD), Mann-Kendall, t-test, and Pettitt test methods were applied in this study. The results indicate that approximately 2 EWD …

Bimw: Blockchain-Enabled Innocuous Model Watermarking For Secure Ownership Verification, Xinyun Liu, Ronghua Xu

Michigan Tech Publications

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and edge computing gives rise to edge intelligence (EI), which offers effective solutions to the limitations of traditional cloud-based AI; however, deploying models across distributed edge platforms raises concerns regarding authenticity, thereby necessitating robust mechanisms for ownership verification. Currently, backdoor-based model watermarking techniques represent a state-of-the-art approach for ownership verification; however, their reliance on model poisoning introduces potential security risks and unintended behaviors. To solve this challenge, we propose BIMW, a blockchain-enabled innocuous model watermarking framework that ensures secure and trustworthy AI model deployment and sharing in distributed edge computing environments. Unlike widely applied …

User Privacy In The Digital Playground: An In-Depth Investigation Of Facebook Instant Games, Sideeq Bello

LSU Master's Theses

Amid growing concerns over data privacy in web and mobile applications, this study aims to assess the privacy mechanisms in instant games on Facebook, a platform with approximately 3.03 billion monthly active users and a substantial repository of personal data. Instant Games have become increasingly popular due to their ease of access and social integration features. Investigating these games can provide insights into privacy mechanisms and practices, thereby informing the development of more fair, compliant, and user privacy-centric gaming experiences. Thus, this study proposes an integrated analytical framework that leverages a combination of descriptive, memory, and network analysis techniques to …