Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

On Heat Engines Having Efficiencies That Degrade With Every Cycle That Are Nonetheless Reversible: The Wonders Of Hilbert Curves In The Pressure-Volume Plane, Daniel Graham

Chemistry: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Heat engines are cornerstones in classical thermodynamics, not to mention fixtures of everyday life. As everyone knows, real heat engines are rife with sources of irreversibility, and, in turn, have efficiencies that degrade over time. Here we chart a classical heat engine whose efficiency degrades with every cycle, but maintains perfect reversibility nonetheless. There are no paradoxes in play due to the inviolability of the thermodynamic laws. Rather the engine operates transparently according to Hilbert curves that fill the pressure-volume plane. The assembly of the curves is iterative and digital whereby no information is lost over every cycle.

Enhancing It Security Management With An Advanced Intrusion Detection System Based On Machine Learning And Explainable Ai, Hanan Alzubaidi

Thesis/ Dissertation Defenses

The fast-changing landscape of cyber threats continues to challenge the development of strong and reliable security frameworks for IT management systems. Traditional defense tools, such as Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), often struggle to keep up with today’s advanced and constantly evolving attack methods. This thesis explores these ongoing challenges and looks into how machine learning (ML) and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) can be used to boost IDS performance.

The research outlines a smart, adaptive system that combines supervised learning for real-time threat detection, unsupervised models for anomaly analysis, and proactive defense strategies. The goal is to improve detection accuracy, cut …

Analysis Of An Effective Training Curriculum: Solutions Toincrease Participants' Interest In Training Teachingmaterials, Maulidya Husnul Khatimah, Yoto Yoto

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

This research is important because it analyzes the curriculum as a primary tool for generating and maintaining participant interest. Curricula that are irrelevant, monotonous, or misaligned with participant needs are often the main causes of low motivation and participation. Furthermore, this research encourages the exploration and implementation of more innovative teaching methods and materials in training curricula. External pressure in the form of demands or instructions, rather than internal motivation, drives most training activities. This can reduce engagement and learning effectiveness. To overcome this, training institutions need to design programs that are relevant, flexible, and able to encourage participants' intrinsic …

Augmented Reality-Assisted E-Module On Temperature Andheat Content (Emarks), Tetri Sabrina, Ika Mustika Sari, Dedi Sasmita

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

Temperature and heat content (calor) material in physics often involves concepts and phenomena that are difficult to observe directly or are abstract (such as energy transfer, particle movement, and changes in state). EMARKS (AR-based E-modules) are important because Augmented Reality (AR) allows the visualization of these abstract concepts in the form of interactive 3D models in the user's real environment. This helps students understand the concepts more concretely and easily. The development of E-modules is an innovation in learning media that is relevant to the demands of the digital era and the needs of modern students. The use of advanced …

The Effect Of Guided Inquiry Model With Deep Learningapproach On Student’S Hots In Elements, Compounds,And Mixtures At Junior High School, Friska Pakpahana, Retno Dwi Suyanti

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

The current education curriculum places a strong emphasis on developing HOTS skills (such as analyzing, evaluating, and creating) to prepare students for the challenges of the 21st century. School learning often focuses on lower-level cognitive domains (memorizing and understanding). This research seeks to address this gap by offering a potentially effective learning model. The guided inquiry model positions students as active participants in learning, encouraging them to investigate, discover, and formulate concepts independently with teacher guidance. This strongly supports the development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effect of the guided inquiry model …

Development Of Problem-Based Learning Worksheet Toenhance Ecoliteracy: Human Impact On Ecosystem, Ulina M.S. Simangunsong, B. Manurung, Martina Asiati Napitupulu

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

Ecoliteracy (ecological literacy) is an individual's ability to understand basic ecological principles and make environmentally responsible decisions. Improving ecoliteracy is a crucial foundation for realizing Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), which prepares students to become proactive citizens in protecting the environment. The problem-based learning model helps students learn on their own by using real-world environmental cases to get them to think critically and solve problems. Therefore, this research aims to determine the effectiveness of using problem-based learning worksheets to enhance the ecoliteracy of seventh-grade students. The development model used is 4-D. The research instruments include expert validation forms for subject, …

Development Of E-Lkpd Assisted By Phet Colorado Basedon Discovery Learning: Critical Thinking Skills On Lightmaterial At Junior High School, Flora Yani Saragih, Pintor Simamora

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

Critical thinking is necessary for 21st-century pupils, but PISA data suggest that Indonesian students, especially junior high school students, lack it. The junior high science/physics light material is abstract and involves in-depth reasoning (reflection, refraction, and shadow generation). Without critical thinking, kids memorize formulas or notions without analyzing real phenomena. Discovery learning involves pupils discovering concepts via observation and experimentation. Critical thinking requires initiative, exploration, and reasoning, which these foster. Therefore, this study aims to develop E-LKPD based on Discovery Learning assisted by an interactive simulation of PhET Colorado to strengthen the critical thinking skills of grade VIII students on …

Guided Inquiry Learning Assisted By Crossword Puzzlemedia: Student Scientific Literacy And Critical Thinkingability For Middle School, Agis Putri Niswa, Mariati Purnama Simanjuntak, Ramlan Silaban, Fauziyah Harahap, Ridwan Abdullah Sani

Jurnal Pendidikan Sains

Scientific literacy and critical thinking skills are two fundamental competencies that students need in the 21st century. Scientific literacy is essential for students to understand and use scientific knowledge to make informed decisions, while critical thinking trains students to analyze information, evaluate arguments, and solve problems logically. Therefore, the intent of this study was to determine the effect of the guided inquiry learning model assisted by crossword puzzle media on students’ scientific literacy and critical thinking skills. The type of research used was quasi-experimental with a two-group pretest-posttest design. The sample consisted of two classes: class VII-8 as the control …

Computer Organization With Arm64, Seth D. Bergmann

OER Textbooks

This book is intended to be used for a first course in computer organization, or computer architecture. It assumes that all digital components can be constructed from fundamental logic gates.

The book begins with number representation schemes and assembly language for the ARM-64 architecture, including assembler directives and floating point instructions. It then describes the machine language instruction formats, and shows the student how to translate an assembly language program to machine language.

There is then an introduction to boolean algebra and digital logic, followed by a description of the memory hierarchy, including cache memory, RAM, and virtual memory.

The …

Interpretable Machine Learning For Cardiovascular Risk Prediction: Insights From Nhanes Dietary And Health Data, Md Ahiduzzaman, Md Nahid Hasan

Faculty Publications

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the leading global causes of death, which requires an accurate early prediction. This study aimed to develop transparent machine learning (ML) models using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2017–2023 to predict CVD risk based on dietary and health factors.

Methods: We analyzed data from 12,382 adults (aged 18 and older) from NHANES 2017–2023, including 41 dietary, anthropometric, clinical, and demographic variables. Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) was used to select an optimal subset of 30 predictors. To address substantial class imbalance in the outcome, we applied the Random Over-Sampling Examples …

Parameterizing Ion–Lipid Interactions From Local Clusters To Reproduce Experimental Bulk Properties Of Lipid Bilayers, W. Matthew Saunders

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Phospholipids are the main component of cell membranes, providing a delimiting boundary for cells from their environments or from their organelles from the cytosol. Thiscompartmentalization allows cells to maintain quite different solutions within their cells and organelles, including different mixtures dissolved ions. Consequently, these membranes are constantly flanked by complex mixtures of salts at varied concentrations. To study membrane structure, one cannot neglect the contribution of the salts in the local solution. Ions perturb bilayer structure via specific interaction with the phospholipids, primarily with the headgroups. Experimental studies of these systems are somewhat at odds — scattering experiments with different …

Enhancing Turbulent Mixing And Microphysical Uniformity In A Tall Convection-Cloud Chamber Through Idealized Heterogeneity Of Boundaries, Lois Thomas, Fan Yang, Aaron Wang, Mikhail Ovchinnikov, Kyle Pressel, Raymond Shaw

Michigan Tech Publications

A large convection cloud chamber has been proposed for exploring aerosol–cloud–drizzle interactions under well‐controlled turbulent conditions. Recent theoretical and numerical studies suggest that ac on vection cloud chamber with two heated and two cooled sidewalls can significantly enhance the liquid water content and thus benefit drizzle initiation. However, a chamber with such a sidewall configuration develops stable stratification and extremely weak turbulence therein. In this study, we conduct large‐eddy simulations of a tall convection chamber with five different sidewall configurations consisting of alternating warm and cold patches. For each configuration, the total surface area of warm patches equals that of …

Survival Analysis Of Breast Cancer Patients In Texas Using Classical And Machine Learning Methods, Sidketa Fofana, Tamer Oraby, Salique H. Shaham, Everardo Cobos, Manish K. Tripathi

School of Medicine Publications

Background

Breast cancer is considered one of the most common cancers in women worldwide. In this study, we used an 11-year cohort of malignant breast cancer survival data in Texas to investigate the factors that might explain why some breast cancer patients live longer than others.

Methods

We performed standard survival analyses, including generating Kaplan‒Meier survival curves, using the log-rank test, and applying Cox proportional hazards regression to identify the unique features of breast cancer patients and determine the main factors influencing long-term survival. We also conducted a Random Survival Forest analysis for classification and prediction. Finally, we used Mahalanobis …

Studies Of Seismicity In The Alaska Subduction Zone And Antarctica, Patrick Matulka

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation utilizes multiple methods of earthquake detection, relocation, and characterization to investigate the patterns of seismicity along the Alaska subduction zone and Antarctica. The studies of the Alaska subduction zone are built on the data collected during the Alaska Amphibious Community Seismic Experiment (AACSE) that deployed temporary land and ocean-bottom seismometers along the Alaska Peninsula and offshore regions from May 2018 to September 2019. Using seismic arrivals at those stations, as well as a combination of other land-based networks, I relocated 1307 earthquakes in the incoming plate and trench slope regions of the Alaska subduction zone with an absolute …

Thermal Properties Of Novel Materials, Wilarachchige D.C. Bhagya Gunatilleke

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Thermal properties play an important role in various aspects of applications of technology startingfrom the materials property determinations to device performance improvements and their safety and stability. Measurements of the thermal properties of such materials of interest pose challenges due to the demands of these measurements for determination of intrinsic materials properties. The research included in this dissertation involved both synthesis of novel materials and their measurement of thermal properties. Solid-state materials synthesis involves various synthesis and processing techniques, while specific technological applications demand synthesis of defect-free single crystals. Such synthesis techniques were explored for the research included in this …

2025 November 6 - Tennessee Weekly Drought Summary, Tennessee Climate Office, East Tennessee State University

Tennessee Climate Office Weekly Drought Summaries

No abstract provided.

Site Specific Reliability-Targeted Snow Loads And Winter Wind Parameters Across The World, Brennan Bean, Nicholas Brimhall, Bikram Bhusal, Marc Maguire, Maha Moussa

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

This report presents a framework for estimating Reliability Targeted Snow Loads (RTSLs) and Winter Wind Parameters (WWPs) at locations outside the Conterminous United States (OCONUS). The methodology integrates ground-based in-situmeasurements with gridded global climate products to generate spatially continuous RTSL estimates for nearly any location in OCONUS. RTSLs are computed at qualifying in-situ stations, and predictive models relating gridded climate products to in-situRTSLs enable estimation at locations lacking direct measurements. This report describes the development of the in-situ annual maximum snow load database, the construction of global gridded climate summaries, the estimation of site-specific RTSLs and Service Targeted …

The Simulation Of Hyperspectral Observations By The Upcoming Spacecraft “Arab Satellite 813”, With The Radiative Transfer Model Sciatran, Sara Maher Alhasan

Thesis/ Dissertation Defenses

The space mission “813 Satellite” has been awarded by the UAE Space Agency to the National Space Science and Technology Center (NSSTC) in the UAEU as prime contractor. The 813 satellite is an Arab satellite scheduled for launch in the year 2025. The spacecraft is designed to monitor Earth and climate change dynamics specifically over the MENA (Middle East and North Africa) region. The outcomes of the 813 Satellite are anticipated to support evidence-based decision-making processes and facilitate the implementation of sustainable environmental management strategies in the MENA region. Consistent with that, the proposed MSc project seeks to contribute to …

Engaging With Ai In A Technical Writing Course: A Collaboration Between A Writing Instructor And A Librarian, Isabel Baca, Joy Urbina

HIIT 2025

After describing our collaboration (a Technical Writing Instructor and a Librarian) on teaching students how to use artificial intelligence (AI) to strengthen their writing, we will engage attendees by having them reflect and practice with AI. For our workshop presentation, attendees will:

• Learn how a librarian and a writing instructor collaborated to teach students to use AI effectively and ethically in their writing.
• Reflect on how they can incorporate AI in their classroom or workplace.
• Learn how a librarian can help them incorporate AI into their courses.
• Practice using AI and developing their prompt engineering skills.

Our workshop presentation will …

Conditions Of Coherent-Phonon Excitation In Srmnsb2 Films And Crystals, Manita Rai, Sujan Subedi, Hannah E. Aguirre, Hans A. Bechtel, Renee Chapla, Javier Garcia De Castro, Dennis D. Klug, Jinyu Liu, Madison G. Masten, Trung Hieu Nguyen, Thomas J. Rehaag, Yiyi Wang, Zhiqiang Mao, Gavin R. Bell, Darius H. Torchinsky, Christopher Weber

Physics

Excitation of coherent phonons has the potential to dramatically alter the electronic structure of Dirac and Weyl semimetals, enabling sub-picosecond control of their optical and electronic properties. The Dirac semimetal SrMnSb is a candidate for such control, with a coherent-phonon mode that is predicted to close and reopen a gap at the Dirac node. Here, through a series of ultrafast pump-probe experiments, we establish suitable samples and conditions for driving the coherent phonon to high amplitude and attempting to observe the gap’s closure. Films of SrMnSb grown by molecular-beam epitaxy are shown to have phononic properties matching those of bulk …

Energy Input-Output Meta-Analysis Reveals Algal Diesel Struggles To Break Even (Supplemental Information), Michelle Arnold

Browse all Datasets

1. Algal biofuels have been investigated as an alternative to traditional fossil fuels for transportation in the United States since the 1970s. Yet after five decades of development, scalability and implementation remain limited. To evaluate the state of progress, this study harmonized energy inputs and outputs across 39 papers, encompassing 508 observations on the production of algal biofuel energy return on energy investment (EROEI) in the United States. The analysis produced a mean EROEI of 1.01—essentially the break-even point—irrespective of system boundaries. This is lower than bioethanol (2.8) and far below oil (8.7). Life-cycle analysis results showed that hydrothermal liquefaction in …

The State Of Our Streams: A Land Trust's Approach To Monitoring The Health Of Three Headwater Streams, Lauren Mcgrath

Sustainability Research & Practice Seminar Presentations

Lauren McGrath, Director of Watershed Protection Program, Willistown Conservation Trust, presents "The State of Our Streams: a land trust's approach to monitoring the health of three headwater streams."

Elucidating The Effects Of Water Activity On The Hydration Kinetics And Thermodynamics Of Ye’Elimite–Calcium Sulfate Hydrate Systems, Godwin I. Ogbuehi, Rupack R. Halder, Aditya Kumar, Gaurav Sant, Monday U. Okoronkwo

Materials Science and Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Relative humidity and water activity (aH) reductions have been known to suppress the hydration of anhydrous cement clinker phases. However, the relationship between ye'elimite (C4A3$) hydration kinetics and water activity remain unclear. This study employs experimental and thermodynamic modeling approaches to investigate the influence of water activity on ye'elimite hydration in the "C4A3$ + water", and "C4A3$ + gypsum + water" systems. Experimental findings indicate that as water activity decreases, C4A3$ hydration diminishes until the reaction is brought to a halt at a threshold aH. The critical aHand corresponding solubility constant of C4A3$ (KC4A3S¯) estimated from thermodynamic analysis are 0.46 …

Increasing Complexity Leads To Declining Productivity Of Innovation In The Algal Biofuel Industry (Supplemental Information), Michelle Arnold

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Liquid biofuels are widely promoted as renewable, lower-emission alternatives to fossil fuels. Yet despite their promise, this sector faces a critical constraint: a long-term decline in the productivity of innovation. This decline—measured by a decreasing number of patents per inventor—suggests that generating technological breakthroughs is becoming more difficult, expensive, and uncertain. As innovation becomes more resource-intensive, the feasibility of replacing petroleum with liquid biofuels grows more tenuous. This is especially problematic given the pre-existing technical disadvantages of biofuels, including their relatively low energy return on energy investment (EROEI) and energy density compared to fossil fuels. Our findings show that the …

A Generalized Lehmer Conjecture For The Trace Of T ₃, Liubomir Chiriac, Erin Williams

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

The expectation that Ramanujan’s tau function does not vanish, commonly known as Lehmer’s Conjecture, has inspired several extensions to broader settings. In this paper, we focus on one such direction, proposed by Rouse, concerning the non-vanishing of traces of Hecke operators Tn. We refine an algorithm originally introduced by Rouse to resolve the case n = 2, and, together with tools from our earlier work on the case n = 3 in level one, we settle the conjecture for T₃ in full generality. We also discuss an implication of our result for the non-vanishing of all coefficients of the …

Computational Data Analysis, Kathryn S. Biles

LSU Master's Theses

Data science has emerged as a cornerstone of innovation, shaping an ever-expanding range

of professional careers. As technology advances and the volume of data expands expo-

nentially, the ability to extract meaningful insights from data has become indispensable

across industries. Far from representing a single career path, data science enables profes-

sionals in nearly every domain to make informed decisions, optimize systems, and drive

innovation. Yet, many high school students and incoming college freshmen have limited

exposure to data science fundamentals or the career opportunities they unlock. This is

the gap that Computational Data Analysis, a high school-level curriculum I …

Data Accompanying "Landscape Composition Surrounding Restoration Projects Modulates Use By Wildlife: A Case Study Of Mule Deer In Utah", Jaylin Solberg

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With mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), hereafter, deer, populations in decline, wildlife managers have increased their efforts to improve factors that limit population growth. In the State of Utah (hereafter, Utah), these efforts have included habitat restoration which is expected to improve environmental conditions for deer. Some of these efforts include pinon-juniper removal, prescribed burning, and spraying of invasive plant species. Although previous work has demonstrated the local impacts of restoration on deer populations, it is unknown how the environmental conditions in the landscape surrounding restoration treatments may modify local restoration impacts. Identifying how both local and landscape-scale conditions influence deer …

Circulating Levels Of Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (Igf-I) And Risk Ofmultiple Myeloma: An Observational And Mendelian Randomisation Study, Yolanda Benavente, Sara Hermosa, Nikos Papadimitriou, Alyssa I. Clay-Gilmour Ph.D., Elizabeth E. Brown, Jonathan N. Hofmann, Nathaniel Rothman, Qing Lan, Sonja I. Berndt, Demetrius Albanes, Mark Purdue, Mitchell J. Machiela, Stephen J. Chanock, Parveen Bhatti, Wendy Cozen, Aaron Norman, Susan L. Slager, James R. Cerhan, Vincent Rajkumar, Shaji J. Kumar, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

Evidence for an association between insulin-like growth factors (IGF) and multiple myeloma (MM) is inconsistent. We examined total IGF-I concentrations and risk of MM by combining baseline serological data among UK Biobank participants (n = 444 187; 732 incident MM) with a two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis using identified genetic variants associated with circulating total IGF-I and IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) in the InterLymph consortium (2434 MM and their 2567 controls). Finally, additional lymphoid neoplasm (LN) subtypes were included for comparison with the main hypothesis. Circulating IGF-I level was positively associated with MM risk Hazard ratio-HR-per one standard deviation-SD-increase …

Assessing Soil Quality Indicators In Agricultural Fields Of Western Kentucky, Kassidi D. Metcalf, Elizabeth J. Hiter, Sean J. Walters, Anna C. Griggs

Scholars Week

Assessing Soil Quality Indicators in Agricultural Fields of Western Kentucky

Kassidi Metcalf, Elizabeth Hiter, Sean Walters, & Anna Claire Griggs

Mentor Dr. I.P. Handayani

Hutson School of Agriculture, Murray State University, Murray, KY, USA

Abstract

Improving soil quality in Western Kentucky has been highlighted as a way to help mitigate the effects of modern agricultural practices and climatic effects. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different cropping and management practices on soil quality indicators for sustainability. The indicators of soil quality focused on in this experiment were soil water holding capacity (SWHC), soil water content …

Shaping The Soil: A Comparison Of Equine, Bovine, And Ungrazed Hay Fields, Brody Ellis Higgs, Taylor Madison Wynn, Scottie Craig Berry

Scholars Week

Shaping the Soil: A Comparison of Equine, Bovine, and Ungrazed Hay Fields

Brody Higgs, Taylor Wynn, and Scottie Berry

Mentor: Dr. Iin. P. Handayani, PhD.

Hutson School of Agriculture, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky, USA

ABSTRACT

Kentucky raises grazing species for multiple reasons, including food, recreation, and show. The most common of them are equine and bovine. These animals graze many acres across the state of Kentucky and impact soil properties in their pastures. This study was conducted on three pasturelands across Caldwell and Calloway counties in Kentucky. The pastures consisted of a cow pasture, a horse pasture, and a …