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Articles 7381 - 7410 of 294517

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Ureilite Meteorite Petrofabrics: Evolution And Formation Deformational Conditions, Benjamin Botwe Agyemang Jan 2026

Ureilite Meteorite Petrofabrics: Evolution And Formation Deformational Conditions, Benjamin Botwe Agyemang

Dissertations and Theses

This thesis examines the origin and development of crystallographic fabrics in ureilites, which are primitive achondritic meteorites interpreted as residues of partial melting from a differentiated parent body. In this study, we evaluate three fabric-forming mechanisms: gravitational cumulate crystallization, shock-induced deformation, and flow alignment associated with melt extraction and convective stirring. A quantitative Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) analysis was conducted on six ureilitic meteorites to assess olivine Lattice Preferred Orientation (LPO), Shape Preferred Orientation (SPO), the connection between SPO and LPO, and other deformation metrics, including Grain Orientation Spread (GOS), and Crystal Rotation Axis (CRA). Our results suggest that most …

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Data And Code For "Stratocumulus Drizzle Readily, Cumulus Drizzle Selectively: Evidence From Four Oceanic Regions", Katia Lamer Jan 2026

Data And Code For "Stratocumulus Drizzle Readily, Cumulus Drizzle Selectively: Evidence From Four Oceanic Regions", Katia Lamer

SoMAS Research Data

Data and Code for "Stratocumulus drizzle readily, cumulus drizzle selectively: evidence from four oceanic regions"

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2026 January 22 - Tennessee Weekly Drought Summary, Tennessee Climate Office, East Tennessee State University Jan 2026

2026 January 22 - Tennessee Weekly Drought Summary, Tennessee Climate Office, East Tennessee State University

Tennessee Climate Office Weekly Drought Summaries

No abstract provided.

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Long-Term Changes In Relative Humidity And Soil Wetness: Implications On Agriculture And Environmental Sustainability In Western Himalaya, Ashwani Ashwani, Pankaj Kumar Jan 2026

Long-Term Changes In Relative Humidity And Soil Wetness: Implications On Agriculture And Environmental Sustainability In Western Himalaya, Ashwani Ashwani, Pankaj Kumar

Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development

Long-term climate changes in humidity and soil wetness in the cold deserts of the Western Himalaya are still not well researched. Understanding the long-term trends of relative humidity (RH) and soil moisture is crucial in high-altitude, cold desert regions for effective agricultural management and environmental sustainability. The study was conducted in a part of the western Himalaya, which is an ecologically fragile zone with a highly sensitive agricultural region that is vulnerable to climatic variations. A comprehensive study was conducted to evaluate the spatiotemporal variability of RH and soil wetness by means four techniques: Mann-Kendall, Modified Mann-Kendall, Sen’s slope estimator, …

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Synthesis And Characterization Of Tio₂@Zn₂Sno₄ Composite As A Novel Uv Filter With Reduced Photocatalytic Activity And Low Toxicity For Sunscreen Applications, Rusul Kadhim Naser, Kadhim Al-Attafi, Muntadher Abdulsalam A.Al.Alrabeeah Jan 2026

Synthesis And Characterization Of Tio₂@Zn₂Sno₄ Composite As A Novel Uv Filter With Reduced Photocatalytic Activity And Low Toxicity For Sunscreen Applications, Rusul Kadhim Naser, Kadhim Al-Attafi, Muntadher Abdulsalam A.Al.Alrabeeah

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

This study builds upon our recent investigation, which utilized various morphologies and particle sizes of Zn₂SnO₄ and TiO₂. Zn₂SnO₄ can block UVB and part of UVA and shows much less photocatalytic activity than TiO₂. Herein, the current study aims to reduce the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂, a compound often utilized as an ultraviolet (UV) filter in sunscreen, by incorporating Zn₂SnO₄ as a composite. Since Zn₂SnO₄ produces much fewer free radicals, in terms of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), due to its low photocatalytic activity. To overcome or minimize the high photocatalytic activity of TiO₂, composite materials TiO₂@Zn₂SnO₄ …

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Developing A Multimodal Approach To Channel Characterization On Youtube, Shadi Shajari Jan 2026

Developing A Multimodal Approach To Channel Characterization On Youtube, Shadi Shajari

Theses and Dissertations

YouTube has become a dominant arena for global information sharing, where creators and audiences interact through content, comments, and engagement dynamics. Understanding how these interactions shape a channel’s identity requires a comprehensive characterization of both audience behavior and content structure. This dissertation develops a unified framework for characterizing YouTube channels through multimodal analysis that integrates behavioral modeling, dimensionality reduction, clustering, and content-based characterization to provide a holistic view of audience and editorial patterns. The framework begins by analyzing the structural relationships within co-commenter networks, where users who repeatedly comment on the same videos are connected to capture patterns of interaction …

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The Age And Composition Of The Voyager Seamounts: Evidence For A Long-Lived Marquesas Mantle Source, Andrea Balbas, Hannah Paradis, Kevin Konrad, Valerie A. Finlayson, Michael Bizimis, Stephanie Anderson, Christopher Kelley, Nicole A. Raineault, Beth N. Orcutt Jan 2026

The Age And Composition Of The Voyager Seamounts: Evidence For A Long-Lived Marquesas Mantle Source, Andrea Balbas, Hannah Paradis, Kevin Konrad, Valerie A. Finlayson, Michael Bizimis, Stephanie Anderson, Christopher Kelley, Nicole A. Raineault, Beth N. Orcutt

Faculty Publications

We present new observations on the dynamics and locations of deep mantle reservoirs derived from the ages and compositions of Voyager Seamount Chain lava flows. The previously unexplored Voyager Seamount Chain trends NW–SE between the Mid-Pacific Mountains and the Northwestern Hawaiian Ridge. Volcanic samples were recovered from the chain during the Ocean Exploration Trust expedition NA134. The lava flows are alkalic to highly alkalic in composition. Ages ranged from 81 to 86 Ma (n = 8), with the oldest ages in the NW and an age-progression toward the SE. The Voyager age-progression continues southward through the Northern Line Islands …

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Improving Surface Analysis Through The Correct Use Of Low Energy Ion Scattering And X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Best Practices, Common Errors, And Multimodal Approaches For Material Development, Joshua W. Pinder Jan 2026

Improving Surface Analysis Through The Correct Use Of Low Energy Ion Scattering And X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Best Practices, Common Errors, And Multimodal Approaches For Material Development, Joshua W. Pinder

Theses and Dissertations

Surface analysis is the study of the atoms at surfaces and their connectivity, including their relative depth distribution, concentration, chemical state, and crystallinity. These characteristics govern many important material properties. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is one of the most widely used surface analysis techniques. Proper interpretation of XPS spectra including the appropriate use of backgrounds, peak shapes, peak positions, and charge compensation, with appropriate constraints on fitting parameters provide valuable information about elemental composition, concentration, depth distribution, and chemical speciation of surface atoms. However, despite widespread use, much of the XPS literature contains poor interpretations and irreproducible results which undermine …

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High Frobenius Pushforwards Generate The Bounded Derived Category, Matthew R. Ballard, Srikanth B. Iyengar, Pat Lank, Alapan Mukhopadhyay, Josh Pollitz Jan 2026

High Frobenius Pushforwards Generate The Bounded Derived Category, Matthew R. Ballard, Srikanth B. Iyengar, Pat Lank, Alapan Mukhopadhyay, Josh Pollitz

Faculty Publications

This work concerns generators for the bounded derived category of coherent sheaves over a noetherian scheme X of prime characteristic. The main result is that when the Frobenius map on X is finite, for any compact generator G of D(X) the Frobenius pushforward Fe*G generates the bounded derived category whenever pe is larger than the codepth of X, an invariant that is a measure of the singularity of X. The conclusion holds for all positive integers e when X is locally complete intersection. The question of when one can take G = …

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What Kind Of Relationality Does Quantum Mechanics Exhibit?, Emily Adlam Jan 2026

What Kind Of Relationality Does Quantum Mechanics Exhibit?, Emily Adlam

Philosophy Faculty Articles and Research

In this article I elaborate on the approach to relational quantum mechanics suggested by Adlam and Rovelli (2023). I suggest that this approach fills an important gap in the spectrum of relational approaches, because it posits that the relational aspects of quantum mechanics are both inherent and dynamical. I compare this approach to Orthodox RQM, arguing that it has a number of advantages, and I show how some possible objections can be resolved.

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Developing A Collaborative Tool To Foster Communication In Sustainability Research, Nina Hunter, Noëlle-Laetitia Perret, Martin Klepal Jan 2026

Developing A Collaborative Tool To Foster Communication In Sustainability Research, Nina Hunter, Noëlle-Laetitia Perret, Martin Klepal

Electrical & Electronic Engineering

Climate change necessitates urgent responses based on knowledge produced by teams that transcend disciplinary boundaries, and with members whose work focuses on the generation of knowledge and on the application of knowledge, with some integrating both. Almost a third of Europe’s building stock consists of heritage buildings requiring renovation that is ideally sustainable as part of an energy transition response. The European transdisciplinary CALECHE study team with use-cases in France, Italy, Sweden and Switzerland aims to support decision-making on the sustainable renovation of heritage buildings, via research that employs co-design. However, team members are from various disciplines, with different skillsets …

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Thermoelectrochemical Synthesis Of Nanostructured Cupric Oxide (Cuo) Using Kmno4 As An Oxidant, Tony A. Hall, Michael Ibukun Kolawole, Janak Paudel Jan 2026

Thermoelectrochemical Synthesis Of Nanostructured Cupric Oxide (Cuo) Using Kmno4 As An Oxidant, Tony A. Hall, Michael Ibukun Kolawole, Janak Paudel

Faculty Scholarship

This research focuses on combining hydrothermal (hot water treatment) and electrochemical synthesis (EC) forming an advanced method termed ″thermoelectrochemical (TEC)” that introduces a rapid and controllable electrochemical strategy for synthesizing cupric oxide (CuO) nanostructures using potassium permanganate (KMnO4) as an oxidant under a constant electric potential at 75 °C for 3 h. The influence of applied voltage polarity on phase evolution, oxidation state, and morphology was systematically investigated. Under a positive bias of +Δ5 V, the copper substrate was fully oxidized into stoichiometric CuO, as confirmed by sharp XRD reflections, Raman-active Cu−O modes, and EDS spectra dominated by Cu−O composition. …

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Dietary Inflammatory Index And Risk Of Colorectal Cancer In Japanese Men, Ayaka Kotemori, Kumiko Kito, Motoki Iwasaki, Taiki Yamaji, James Hébert Scd, Junko Ishihara, Manami Inoue, Shoichiro Tsugane, Norie Sawada On The Behalf Of Jphc Study Group Jan 2026

Dietary Inflammatory Index And Risk Of Colorectal Cancer In Japanese Men, Ayaka Kotemori, Kumiko Kito, Motoki Iwasaki, Taiki Yamaji, James Hébert Scd, Junko Ishihara, Manami Inoue, Shoichiro Tsugane, Norie Sawada On The Behalf Of Jphc Study Group

Faculty Publications

Background/Objectives: Unhealthy lifestyles lead to chronic low-grade inflammation, increasing the risk of colorectal cancer. Few studies in East Asia have examined the association between the dietary inflammation potential and colorectal cancer incidence. Therefore, we aimed to investigate this association further in the Japanese population. Methods: This study included 38,807 men aged 45–74 years who participated in the Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study (JPHC Study). The energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) was derived from a food frequency questionnaire. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Differences in risk due to a …

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Studies Of Rhenium(I) Complexes With Protic Ligand Backbones: Base-Enabled Substitution And Co₂ Reduction, Konkanok Mathuros Jan 2026

Studies Of Rhenium(I) Complexes With Protic Ligand Backbones: Base-Enabled Substitution And Co₂ Reduction, Konkanok Mathuros

Theses and Dissertations from DePaul University

Carbon dioxide is a major contributor to global climate change, and developing efficient electrocatalysts for its reduction to useful products remains an important challenge in renewable energy and sustainable chemistry. Rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes have been widely studied for selective CO₂-to-CO conversion, and recent efforts have focused on understanding how ligand structure and proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) processes govern catalytic activity. In this work, two families of rhenium complexes with protic backbones, fac-Re(PyBim)(CO)₃L and fac-Re(BidmimH)(CO)₃L (PyBimH = 2-(2′-pyridyl)benzimidazole; BidmimH₂ = 2,2′-bis(4,5-dimethylimidazole); L = neutral ligands), were synthesized and characterized to investigate the influence of axial ligand electronics on CO₂ reduction behavior. …

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Heterogeneous Catalysis Of Large Biomolecules: Insights From Platinum Particle Size In Nad+Regeneration, Jianwei Li, Samuel Robertshaw, Shouying Huang, Shelley D. Minteer, Xiaodong Wang Jan 2026

Heterogeneous Catalysis Of Large Biomolecules: Insights From Platinum Particle Size In Nad+Regeneration, Jianwei Li, Samuel Robertshaw, Shouying Huang, Shelley D. Minteer, Xiaodong Wang

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) cofactor regeneration is essential for enabling dehydrogenase-promoted biosynthesis for value-added chemicals. Heterogeneous catalytic cofactor regeneration, using supported metal catalysts, is an emerging approach and has shown great promise. However, mechanistic insight remains largely unexplored. In this work, a series of silica-supported platinum (Pt) catalysts have been prepared for NAD+ cofactor regeneration, to understand the roles of Pt particle size and structure. A turnover frequency (TOF) 'volcano plot' was obtained for Pt clusters in the range of 2.2–7.1 nm, with the maximum TOF (136 h−1) observed at 5.6 nm. Selective Pt site …

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Does Sequence Matter? Impact Of Redesigning Sequential Calculus Course On Students’ Learning Outcomes, Chantal Levesque-Bristol Dr., Wonki Lee Dr., Emily M. Bonem, Benjamin C. Wiles, Jennifer D. Moss, Wilella D. Burgess, Weiling Li Jan 2026

Does Sequence Matter? Impact Of Redesigning Sequential Calculus Course On Students’ Learning Outcomes, Chantal Levesque-Bristol Dr., Wonki Lee Dr., Emily M. Bonem, Benjamin C. Wiles, Jennifer D. Moss, Wilella D. Burgess, Weiling Li

International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education

As colleges and universities increasingly transform their STEM courses through the adoption of more active, student-centered pedagogies, there is a growing need to understand the impact of these educational innovations on student outcomes. This study is conducted in the context of a university-wide faculty development and course redesign project, IMPACT (Instruction Matters, Purdue Academic Course Transformation). IMPACT supports faculty in implementing student-centered pedagogical practices and creating equitable and inclusive learning environments. This study focuses on a sequence of two introductory calculus courses (Calculus 1 and Calculus 2, hereafter CALC 1 and CALC 2) that were transformed as part of the …

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Arbitrage-Free Pricing With Diffusion-Dependent Jumps, Hamza A. Virk, Yihren Wu, Majnu John Jan 2026

Arbitrage-Free Pricing With Diffusion-Dependent Jumps, Hamza A. Virk, Yihren Wu, Majnu John

Journal of Stochastic Analysis

Standard jump-diffusion models assume independence between jumps and diffusion components. We develop a multi-type jump-diffusion model where jump occurrence and magnitude depend on contemporaneous diffusion movements. Unlike previous one-sided models that create arbitrage opportunities, our framework includes upward and downward jumps triggered by both large upward and large downward diffusion increments. We derive the explicit no-arbitrage condition linking the physical drift to model pa- rameters and market risk premia by constructing an Equivalent Martingale Measure using Girsanov’s theorem and a normalized Esscher transform. This condition provides a rigorous foundation for arbitrage-free pricing in models with diffusion-dependent jumps.

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Microbial Communities And Biogeochemistry Of A Melting Rocky Mountain Glacier, Pacifica Sommers, Elizabeth Traver, Alison Orthel, Andrew G. Fountain, Jacki Klancher, Steven K. Schmidt Jan 2026

Microbial Communities And Biogeochemistry Of A Melting Rocky Mountain Glacier, Pacifica Sommers, Elizabeth Traver, Alison Orthel, Andrew G. Fountain, Jacki Klancher, Steven K. Schmidt

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Mountain glaciers are disappearing rapidly, and with their disappearance, we may be losing unstudied biodiversity and genetic resources. A variety of habitats for microorganisms exist on glaciers, especially within pockets of supraglacial sediments (cryoconite) that support high levels of biological activity and diversity. We used biogeochemical approaches, high-throughput DNA sequencing, and microscopy to describe the biogeochemistry and microbial communities of supraglacial sediments on the Dinwoody Glacier in the Wind River Range, Wyoming. Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations were high, and C:N ratios were close to the Redfield ratio indicating active nutrient cycling. We found unique microbial communities in sediments …

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Production Tax Credits Promote U.S. Wind Power Development With A Rush To Develop Before They Expire, Michelle M. Arnold, Emily Richards, Brennan Bean, Rebekah Scott, Christopher L. Lant Jan 2026

Production Tax Credits Promote U.S. Wind Power Development With A Rush To Develop Before They Expire, Michelle M. Arnold, Emily Richards, Brennan Bean, Rebekah Scott, Christopher L. Lant

Environment and Society Student Research

A statistical analysis of wind power development in each U.S. state from 2000–2022 shows that the Production Tax Credit strongly promoted wind power development, especially when it was due to expire, and producers rushed to qualify. This implies that the Inflation Reduction Act should also have an important effect in promoting wind power, with an exaggerated effect when developers perceive that tax credits will be discontinued. Physical wind power potential is positively related to wind power development among states. States with high potential selectively pass Renewable Portfolio Standards, but they have no statistically significant influence on capacity developed among the …

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Topological Data Analysis Of New York City Taxi Trip Data Using Advanced Dimensionality Reduction And Clustering Techniques – Uncovering Structure And Timeliness, Mahalakshmi Sakthivel Jan 2026

Topological Data Analysis Of New York City Taxi Trip Data Using Advanced Dimensionality Reduction And Clustering Techniques – Uncovering Structure And Timeliness, Mahalakshmi Sakthivel

Theses and Dissertations

In this project, we used Topological Data Analysis (TDA) to explore the shape and structure of high-dimensional data and the timeliness dimension of information quality through topological data analysis, with the long-term goal of automatically computing timeliness values that reflect how useful data items are for decision making. The project followed a two-phase approach: in the first half, we employed the Kepler Mapper library along with techniques like Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP), T-SNE (t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding) and Customized Embedding to analyze and visualize complex datasets. In the second phase, we specifically applied our …

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Crystal Structures, Optical Behavior, And Magnetic Properties In Hydrated Lanthanide Iron Sulfates, Chole Jones, Silu Huang, Tyler L. Spano, Eric A. Gabilondo, Mohammed Al-Fahdi, Kara Trim, Mary Douglas, Rongying Jin, Andrew Miskowiec, P. Shiv Halasyamani, Ming Hu, Jie Ling Jan 2026

Crystal Structures, Optical Behavior, And Magnetic Properties In Hydrated Lanthanide Iron Sulfates, Chole Jones, Silu Huang, Tyler L. Spano, Eric A. Gabilondo, Mohammed Al-Fahdi, Kara Trim, Mary Douglas, Rongying Jin, Andrew Miskowiec, P. Shiv Halasyamani, Ming Hu, Jie Ling

Faculty Publications

Single crystals of LnFe(SO4)3(H2O)2 (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm; compounds 1–11) and LnFe(SO4)3(H2O) (Ln = Tm, Yb, Lu; compounds 12–14) were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) analysis revealed that the dihydrated compounds (1–11) crystallize in centrosymmetric (CS) structures, with the lanthanide ions adopting eight-coordinate geometries. In contrast, the monohydrated compounds (12–14) exhibit noncentrosymmetric (NCS) structures, where the lanthanide ions are seven-coordinated. Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) confirmed that compounds 2, …

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Oer Review For Open Programming: Java I - Creating An Oer Textbook For Programming Fundamentals, Peter Arsenault Jan 2026

Oer Review For Open Programming: Java I - Creating An Oer Textbook For Programming Fundamentals, Peter Arsenault

Open Educational Resources Publications

This report describes the creation and implementation of a seven‑chapter Open Educational Resource (OER) for Bentley University’s CS 180 – Programming Fundamentals course, developed from the author’s teaching notes, custom examples, and course materials from Fall 2024. The project aimed to provide current, accessible, digital‑first learning resources aligned with modern programming tools, supported by generative‑AI editing in NotebookLM and open‑source formatting tools such as pandoc and Marp. Implemented during Fall 2025, the OER received highly positive student feedback, particularly regarding its clarity, accessibility, and cost savings, and it is slated for further refinement—including updates for Java 25, expanded examples, and …

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Technology Competition Risk Situation And Response Strategies In China’S Energy Sector Under Great Power Competition, Yong Shi, Shanghua Li, Fei Wu, Kun Guo Jan 2026

Technology Competition Risk Situation And Response Strategies In China’S Energy Sector Under Great Power Competition, Yong Shi, Shanghua Li, Fei Wu, Kun Guo

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

With the advancement of the global energy transition and the intensification of global geopolitical uncertainties, technological competition in the energy sector has become a key area in the great power competition. This study constructs a logical framework for energy technology competition and reveals the new trends in current technological competition in the energy sector. On this basis, this study systematically analyzes the three main types of risks that China faces in energy technology competition and further proposes corresponding countermeasures. China must continuously enhance the core competitiveness and institutional voice over energy technology to achieve the strategic goals of energy security …

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Research On Energy Security Governance And Preventive Measures In China Under Century Long Changes, Qiang Ji, Ying Fan, Yu Song Jan 2026

Research On Energy Security Governance And Preventive Measures In China Under Century Long Changes, Qiang Ji, Ying Fan, Yu Song

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Against the backdrop of unprecedented changes in a century, multidimensional internal and external risks are intertwined and stacked, and energy security is constantly developing towards diversification, integration, and globalization. Balancing energy security and climate governance under the “dual carbon” goal is bound to encounter many major challenges, and climate issues have become an important part of the energy security concept that cannot be ignored. This study comprehensively analyzes the internal and external multidimensional risks faced by China’s energy security, and elaborates on the new energy security governance system of “one body, two wings, three ends, and four characteristics” from the …

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Strategies For Enhancing China’S Energy Resilience: Trade-Offs Between Diversification And Localization, Zhongwei Song, Yu Zhao, Xiang Gao, Jiaofeng Pan Jan 2026

Strategies For Enhancing China’S Energy Resilience: Trade-Offs Between Diversification And Localization, Zhongwei Song, Yu Zhao, Xiang Gao, Jiaofeng Pan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In recent years, intensified geopolitical conflicts worldwide have increasingly exposed the vulnerabilities of traditional energy security frameworks, necessitating a shift in perspective from “ensuring stable supply” to “building systemic resilience”. This study explores pathways to enhance China’s energy resilience, analyzes how diversification and localization strategies can strengthen national energy security, and reviews related policy practices. Building on this analysis and considering China’s current energy landscape, the study proposes that in the short term, emphasis should be placed on diversifying import sources and routes while strengthening domestic supply assurance. In the medium to long term, it is essential to accelerate the …

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Thoughts On Accelerating The Capture Of Technological High Ground For Precise Marine Environmental Assurance, Yuantao Wu, Mingyue Wan, Deke Chen, Danhong Dong, Yao Yu, Miao Chen Jan 2026

Thoughts On Accelerating The Capture Of Technological High Ground For Precise Marine Environmental Assurance, Yuantao Wu, Mingyue Wan, Deke Chen, Danhong Dong, Yao Yu, Miao Chen

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The marine environment serves as a critical foundation for the development, utilization, protection, and governance of the ocean. Marine environmental support holds significant strategic importance for the exploitation of marine resources, ecological and environmental conservation, and the safeguarding of maritime rights and interests. It has become a strategic high ground in the new wave of marine technological innovation and development. This paper reviews the current status of global marine environmental support technologies, with a focus on the establishment and capabilities of the comprehensive “observation–forecasting–application–assessment” precision support technology system for the marine environment developed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It …

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Frontiers In Ocean Non-Equilibrium Dynamics And Challenges In Operational Oceanography Application, Yuhong Zhang, Yan Du, Tianyu Wang, Minyang Wang, Qin Duan, Xinlong Li, Yuhang Zheng, Yifan Xia, Shilin Tang, Yineng Li, Jianping Yin Jan 2026

Frontiers In Ocean Non-Equilibrium Dynamics And Challenges In Operational Oceanography Application, Yuhong Zhang, Yan Du, Tianyu Wang, Minyang Wang, Qin Duan, Xinlong Li, Yuhang Zheng, Yifan Xia, Shilin Tang, Yineng Li, Jianping Yin

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Ocean circulation exhibits complex multiscale dynamics, among which non-equilibrium processes, marked by transient behavior, strong perturbations, and pronounced nonlinearity, are of particular importance for maritime environmental support. However, limited observational capability has long constrained the study of subsurface non-equilibrium dynamics, leaving numerical models insufficiently validated and positioning this issue at the forefront of modern physical oceanography. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers a promising pathway to overcome this bottleneck. Built on this concept, the “iEddy” AI large ocean model can efficiently reconstruct high-resolution, high-accuracy three-dimensional temperature, salinity, and velocity from sea-surface remote sensing data, demonstrating strong capability in capturing non-equilibrium ocean currents …

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Current Status And Prospects Of Ocean Data Reanalysis, Chuanyu Liu, Fan Wang Jan 2026

Current Status And Prospects Of Ocean Data Reanalysis, Chuanyu Liu, Fan Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Ocean data reanalysis (ODR) is a technique that combines ocean observational data with ocean circulation models to produce gridded data with higher accuracy and greater spatiotemporal coverage. The generated reanalysis data serve as a foundational dataset for conducting oceanographic research and developing artificial intelligence-based large ocean models. This study reviews the technical approaches of ODR, the current status of global and regional ocean data reanalysis systems developed in the world, and puts forward recommendations for the development of China's ocean reanalysis system.

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Transparent West-Pacific: Frontier Advances In Earth System Science, Lixin Wu, Jiwei Tian, Weidong Sun, Hailong Liu, Tianyu Chen, Zhimian Cao, Zhao Jing Jan 2026

Transparent West-Pacific: Frontier Advances In Earth System Science, Lixin Wu, Jiwei Tian, Weidong Sun, Hailong Liu, Tianyu Chen, Zhimian Cao, Zhao Jing

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The West-Pacific hosts a well-developed trench-arc-basin system characterized by intense fluid–solid interactions, making it an ideal region for studying multi-sphere interactions within the Earth system. Research on cross-sphere dynamic processes and material-energy cycles in the West-Pacific not only represents a core frontier in Earth System Science, but also crucial to addressing major strategic needs, such as global climate change response, sustainable use of marine resources, and protection of the deep-sea environment. This article highlights key advances achieved under the Major Program on West-Pacific Earth System Multispheric Interactions (WESPMI), in areas including multi-scale oceanic interactions, cross-sphere material exchange, plate subduction and …

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Significance, Challenges, And Policy Recommendations For Strengthening Database Development To Support Ai For Science In China, Kaihua Chen, Hongxin Liu, Rui Guo Jan 2026

Significance, Challenges, And Policy Recommendations For Strengthening Database Development To Support Ai For Science In China, Kaihua Chen, Hongxin Liu, Rui Guo

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

With the rapid emergence of research intelligence driven by big data and artificial intelligence (AI), high-quality, openly shared scientific databases have become a strategic focal point for scientific innovation and enhancing technological competitiveness. Major countries around the world are increasingly recognizing the foundational role of scientific databases in advancing basic research. While continuously strengthening their own scientific data infrastructure through a series of initiatives, they have simultaneously imposed restrictions and suppression on the development of AI technologies in China, including those involving research data. Against this backdrop, building an autonomous and controllable scientific data ecosystem to support research intelligence is …

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