Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Prediction: A Comprehensive Review And Comparative Study, Thi Khanh Chi Huynh, Amonae Dabbs-Brown, Anna Jurek-Loughrey, James Mulhall, Tuan Dung Pham, Ngoc Phu Doan, Viet Hung Tran, Zichi Zhang, Xuan Hoang Nguyen, Yimeng An, Peixin Li, Phi Hung Nguyen, Thi Linh Hoang, Xinming Shi, Hans Vandierendonck, Sebastien Bailly, Jean-Louis Pépin, Thai Son Mai

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent sleep disorder linked to considerable public health burdens and comorbidities. However, its heterogeneous presentation and the limited accessibility of traditional diagnostic tools such as polysomnography (PSG) lead to widespread underdiagnosis. As a result, artificial intelligence (AI) approaches, including machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models, have attracted attention as an alternative pathway to detection. This paper first provides a comprehensive review of AI-driven OSA diagnosis, covering different diagnosis problems, input-data types, data biases, pre-processing techniques, and model performance. We then leverage the largest clinical dataset used in OSA prediction to date, …

Iowa Waste Reduction Center Newsletter, February 2026, University Of Northern Iowa. Iowa Waste Reduction Center.

Iowa Waste Reduction Center Newsletter

Contents:

--- Cedar Rapids Linn County SWA Wins Award
--- Energy Savings Made Simple: What is An Energy Audit?
--- New IEDA Grant Helps Rural Grocers Power Up
--- Dan Nickey Gets Thermography Certified
--- You’re Invited to UNI Day of Service
--- Minor Source Emission Inventory
--- IStorm 26
--- Industry News

Evaluating Groundwater-Surface Water Interactions At Selected Streams In The Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer, Usa, And Comparison To Regional Potentiometric Surfaces, Joshua Michael Blackstock, Oladipo S. Obembe, Aaron Shew, Phillip Hays, Phillip R. Owens, Christopher D. Delhom

Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Field measurements of groundwater-surface water interactions (GWSW) are critical for quantifying stream leakage, but are often limited in availability. In the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer (MRVAA), USA, GWSW interactions are often inferred through interpolated potentiometric surfaces, which can provide information on GWSW changes through time, but are often limited in spatial resolution. Field measurements of GWSW interactions were conducted at several locations and compared with potentiometric surfaces using objectively calculated cell sizes. The potentiometric surfaces showed similar regional-scale groundwater-flow patterns irrespective of grid cell size. Field measurements of GWSW interactions exhibited a broader range of gaining and losing conditions …

Variation In Food Web Reliance On Green And Brown Energy Pathways Across Ecosystem Gradients, James W. Sturges, W. Ryan James, Ryan J. Rezek, Rolando O. Santos, Mack White, Gina A. Badlowski, Shakira Trabelsi, Jordan Massie, Justin S. Lesser, Joel C. Trexler, James Nelson, Jennifer S. Rehage

Marine Science

Aquatic food webs typically include highly coupled fast, ‘green’ energy pathways driven by algae or phytoplankton and slower, ‘brown’ energy channels driven by detritus and terrestrial plants. Quantifying how much energy biological communities obtain from each of these pathways is essential, particularly across multiple interconnected food webs over large areas, because energy dynamics are known to influence ecosystem structure and function. Despite their importance, few studies track variance in energy channel contributions to food webs across interconnected habitats during distinct hydrologic seasons. In this study, we used tri-isotope Bayesian mixing models to quantify seasonal contributions of energy pathways to consumers …

A Runtime-Adaptive Transformer Neural Network Accelerator On Fpgas, Ehsan Kabir, Jason D. Bakos, David Andrews, Miaoqing Huang

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Transformer neural networks (TNN) excel in natural language processing (NLP), machine translation, and computer vision (CV) without relying on recurrent or convolutional layers. However, they have high computational and memory demands, particularly on resource constrained devices like FPGAs. Moreover, transformer models vary in processing time across applications, requiring custom models with specific parameters. Designing custom accelerators for each model is complex and time-intensive. Some custom accelerators exist with no runtime adaptability, and they often rely on sparse matrices to reduce latency. However, hardware designs become more challenging due to the need for application-specific sparsity patterns. This paper introduces ADAPTOR, a …

Hybrid Server–Ai Architecture For Persistent Generative Game Worlds: Achieving Scalable, Consistent, And Low-Latency Interactive Environments, Jay Ratican, James Hutson

Faculty Scholarship

Generative artificial intelligence has demonstrated remarkable capabilities in real-time content creation for interactive entertainment, yet current implementations struggle with the persistence, consistency, and scalability demanded by modern multiplayer and long-form gaming environments. This paper presents a hybrid server–AI architecture that fuses the deterministic reliability of authoritative multiplayer server frameworks with the creative flexibility of state-aware generative systems. The proposed three-tier design consists of (1) a deterministic server backend leveraging technologies such as Unity Netcode for GameObjects, Unreal Engine 5’s dedicated servers, and Amazon GameLift to maintain authoritative and persistent world state; (2) a state-aware generative layer responsible for producing real-time …

The Case For Ai Authorship In Copyright Law, Cheng Lim Saw, Duncan Lim

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Today, with generative AI, literary and artistic works can be created almost effortlessly. There is at present intense debate as to whether works generated by AI – broadly categorised as “AI-assisted” and “AI-generated” works – ought to attract copyright protection. AI-assisted works are those that involve some degree of human intervention. Where AI-generated works are concerned, however, such works are created autonomously by the AI itself with minimal (de minimis) input from an identifiable human being. Presently, it is generally accepted that AI-generated works do not attract copyright protection for want of a human author. This article examines whether it …

Leveraging Molecular Mechanisms Of Desorption To Enhance Pfas Bioavailability In Contaminated Soils, Husam Kafeenah, Margaret D. Taiwo, Patrica Ivy Agorsor, Michael O. Eze

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are known for their strong binding properties to soil matrices owing to their amphiphilic properties. While most studies focus on the search for novel PFAS bio degraders, our knowledge of sustainable biomolecules that could drive PFAS desorption and make them more bioavailable is limited. This study investigated the effectiveness of rhamnolipids and organic acids in desorbing PFAS compounds from contaminated soil. Rhamnolipids (25 mg/L) significantly enhanced the release of PFAS compounds from soil, achieving up to 90 % desorption. Acetic acid provided 60–90 % desorption efficiency for most of the PFAS studied, except for PFDA …

Defending Code Language Models Against Backdoor Attacks With Deceptive Cross-Entropy Loss, Guang Yang, Yu Zhou, Xiangyu Zhang, Xiang Chen, Terry Yue Zhuo, David Lo, Taolue Chen

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Code Language Models (CLMs), particularly those leveraging deep learning, have achieved significant success in code intelligence domain. However, the issue of security, particularly backdoor attacks, is often overlooked in this process. The previous research has focused on designing backdoor attacks for CLMs, but effective defenses have not been adequately addressed. In particular, existing defense methods from natural language processing, when directly applied to CLMs, are not effective enough and lack generality, working well in some models and scenarios but failing in others, thus fall short in consistently mitigating backdoor attacks. To bridge this gap, we first confirm the phenomenon of …

Supporting Data – Urban Stream, Cardinal Court, Isu, Normal, November 9, 2023 To May 1, 2025, Eric Wade Peterson, Ava Miller

Faculty Publications - Geography, Geology, and the Environment

Between November 9, 2023 to May 1, 2025, water samples were collected upstream and downstream along a segment of a stream adjacent to Cardinal Court on the Illinois State University campus. At each location, samples were collected at the surface. In-situ measurements of Dissolved Oxygen, Specific Conductance, and Temperature were recorded with a YSI 85. Anion samples were analyzed using a Ion Chromatograph for fluoride (F^-), chloride (Cl^-), nitrate as nitrogen (NO3-N), phosphate (PO₄^3-), and sulfate (SO₄^2-). The available dataset provides the recorded field parameters and the analyzed ion concentrations.

Hold Paramount The Health, Safety, And Welfare Of The Public And The Planet, Daniel B. Oerther

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Flips In Two-Dimensional Hypertriangulations, Herbert Edelsbrunner, Alexey Garber, Mohadese Ghafari, Teresa Heiss, Morteza Saghafian

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

We study flips in hypertriangulations of planar points sets. Here a level-k hypertriangulation of n points in the plane is a subdivision induced by the projection of a k-hypersimplex, which is the convex hull of the barycenters of the (k−1)-dimensional faces of the standard (n−1)-simplex. In particular, we introduce four types of flips and prove that the level-2 hypertriangulations are connected by these flips.

Constrained Quantization For Probability Distributions, Megha Pandey, Mrinal Kanti Roychowdhury

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

In this work, we extend the classical framework of quantization for Borel probability measures defined on normed spaces ℝ𝑘 by introducing and analyzing the notions of the nth constrained quantization error, constrained quantization dimension, and constrained quantization coefficient. These concepts generalize the well-established nth quantization error, quantization dimension, and quantization coefficient, which are traditionally considered in the unconstrained setting and thereby broaden the scope of quantization theory. A key distinction between the unconstrained and constrained frameworks lies in the structural properties of optimal quantizers. In the unconstrained setting, if the support of P contains at least n elements, then the …

Demographic And Other Correlates Of Non-Prescription Drug Use Among College Students During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Subi Gandhi, Sidketa Fofana, Md Rafiul Islam, Tamer Oraby

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

Background and objectives: Substance use among college students in the U.S. remains a pressing concern and may have intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic due to increased stress, uncertainty, and academic disruptions. This study investigates the relationship between non-prescription drug use and various demographic, mental health, and behavioral factors among college students during the pandemic's early stages.

Methods: Data were collected through online and in-person surveys in the summer semester of 2021. Behavioral health was assessed using validated instruments: the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depression and the Drug Abuse Screening Test-20 (DAST-20) for substance use. Demographic and behavioral variables were …

Final 2022 Unreclaimed Sites Sampling: Ur-06 Site Evaluation Summary Report, Pioneer Technical Services, Inc.

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Final 2022 Unreclaimed Sites Sampling: Ur-28 Site Evaluation Summary Reportfinal 2022 Unreclaimed Sites Sampling: Ur-28 Site Evaluation Summary Report, Pioneer Technical Services, Inc.

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Final 2022 Unreclaimed Sites Sampling: Ur-13 Site Evaluation Summary Report, Pioneer Technical Services, Inc.

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Final 2022 Unreclaimed Sites Sampling: Ur-22 Site Evaluation Summary Report, Pioneer Technical Services, Inc.

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Final 2022 Insufficiently Reclaimed Sites Sampling: Bres No. 32 – Corra 2 Dump Site Evaluation Summary Report, Pioneer Technical Services, Inc.

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Final 2022 Insufficiently Reclaimed Sites Sampling: Bres No. 30 – Atlantic-1 Site Evaluation Summary Report, Pioneer Technical Services, Inc.

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Final 2022 Insufficiently Reclaimed Sites Sampling: Bres No. 38 – Sister Dump Site Evaluation Summary Report, Pioneer Technical Services, Inc.

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Derivation Of An Updated Brief Multivariable Prediction Model To Detect Panic-Related Anxiety In Emergency Department Patients With Cardiopulmonary Complaints, Sharon C. Sung, Felicia J. L. Ang, Arul Earnest, Leslie E. C. Lim, Shreshtha Jolly, Gilaine Rui Ng, A. John Rush, Marcus E. H. Ong

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Background Patients with panic related-anxiety (i.e., panic attacks or panic disorder) frequently present to emergency departments (EDs) with cardiopulmonary complaints but are often undiagnosed, which can lead to recurrent visits and prolonged distress. This study aimed to derive a new symptom-based multivariable diagnostic prediction model to detect panic-related anxiety in ED patients with cardiopulmonary symptoms.Methods We conducted a single-blind prospective derivation study over 15 months in the ED of a major tertiary hospital in Singapore. Patients presenting with symptoms of palpitations, chest pain, dizziness, or difficulty breathing were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID) to diagnose …

Cyber Science Education Meets Healthcare Technology, Angela Spencer

Journal of Cybersecurity Education, Research and Practice

The research investigates how cyber science education combines with healthcare technology during the digital age to resolve a fundamental research gap in these two advancing areas. A combined approach utilizing extensive surveys and detailed interviews evaluates the functionality of learning platforms as well as cybersecurity measures and potential uses of emerging virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) tools to improve both educational and clinical environments. The research document describes its methodologies thoroughly while. The research documents multiple quantitative and qualitative results before performing its analysis, which leads to strategy development for digit. The researchers worked to find ways that …

New Asymptotics Applied To Functional Coefficient Regression And Climate Sensitivity Analysis, Qiying Wang, Peter C. B. Phillips, Ying Wang

Research Collection School Of Economics

A general asymptotic theory is established for sample cross moments of nonstationary time series, allowing for long-range dependence and local unit roots. The theory provides a substantial extension of earlier results on nonparametric regression that include near-cointegrated nonparametric regression as well as spurious nonparametric regression. Many new models are covered by the limit theory, among which are functional coefficient regressions in which both regressors and the functional covariate are nonstationary. Simulations show finite sample performance matching well with the asymptotic theory and having broad relevance to applications, while revealing how dual nonstationarity in regressors and covariates raises sensitivity to bandwidth …

One-Step Purification Of A Bioactive Pak1-Derived Peptide, Djamali Muhoza, Emily P. Esquivel, Stacy R. Hunter, Pateince S. Okoto, Thallapuranam K.S. Kumar, Paul D. Adams

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

The serine/threonine kinase PAK1 serves as a mediator of cytoskeletal reorganization and cancer-related signaling downstream of the small GTPases. Due to the challenges in purifying PAK1 complexes, a 46-residue peptide from PAK1, is widely used to study PAK1-Cdc42 signaling. Traditionally, this purification involved multi-step chromatography of recombinant GST-PBD46 complexes, yielding approximately 1 mg per 1.5 L culture. In this study, a 30 min heat treatment step after thrombin cleavage was used to precipitate GST while leaving pure PBD46 in solution. This step eliminated the need for further affinity and size-exclusion chromatography steps. This improved protocol produces proteins with a 6.5-fold …

How Consistent Friendlike Conversation With Ai Companions Influences Our Attitudes And Perceptions Toward Ai: An Exploratory Experiment, Qi Hui Jerlyn Ho, Meilan Hu, Adalia Yin Hui Goh, Emma Jane Pragasam, Andree Hartanto

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Despite skepticism and distrust in artificial intelligence (AI), it is increasingly integrated into daily life, with its potential benefits drawing interest. Yet little is known about the attitudinal and psychological effects of human–AI interactions, and whether consistent interactions with AI chatbots can change users’ attitudes and perceptions. Our within-subjects experiment (N = 52) investigated how five days of socially oriented, friendlike interactions with an AI chatbot, versus a journaling control, influenced changes in attitudes and perceptions of AI. Participants’ attitudes towards AI, trust, perceived empathy, anthropomorphism, animacy, likeability, perceived intelligence and safety, dependency, and exploratory well-being indicators were recorded. Results …

Design Of Lithium-Based Battery Electrolyte Compositions For Extreme Operating Conditions Using Alternative Solvents, Co-Solvents And Additives, Michael J. Keating

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Lithium-ion battery utilization is widespread due to relatively high capacity and long cycle life. Advanced technologies have specific demands of their energy storage devices that traditional Li-ion batteries are unable to meet. Lithium-ion batteries utilize a graphite anode which has a limited theoretical capacity. Traditional lithium-ion batteries also utilize flammable solvents in their electrolyte mixtures. Due to the flammable electrolyte, lithium-ion batteries are not considered practical for large scale applications. Additionally, the lithium-ion battery has a narrow optimal operating temperature window. The temperature limitation of lithium-ion batteries leads to issues for many applications such as operating in extreme temperature environments, …

Monosaccharide Binding To Synthetic Carbohydrate Receptor Microarrays, Milan A. Shlain

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Chapter 1: A glycan detection platform comprised of synthetic carbohydrate receptors (SCRs) immobilized onto polymer brushes was prepared. SCR043, an alkene-containing SCR, was incorporated into grafted-from polymer brushes using hypersurface photolithography, resulting in microarrays of SCR043-functionalized polymer brushes, where brush height (h) and SCR grafting density (Γ) is controlled precisely at each feature in the array. The influence of h and Γ on the binding to five fluorescently labelled monosaccharides – α-glucose (α-Gluc-FL), α-galactose (α-Gal-FL), α-mannose (α-Man-FL), β-glucose (β-Gluc-FL), and β-galactose (β-Gal-FL) – in aqueous buffer …

Mechanistic Studies Of Aerobic Photochemistry: Gold Nanoclusters, Nanoparticles, And Solution-Phase Systems, Serah Essang

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This thesis comprises five chapters as enumerated below.

Chapter 1 describes our findings on the reactions of Au glutathione nanocluster (Au₂₀SG₁₆) with singlet oxygen (¹O₂) in D₂O. We noticed it underwent a self-photooxidation reaction. Leading us to mechanistic studies using photophysical, photochemical, theoretical, and indirect trapping methods. We found rapid total quenching of singlet oxygen (¹O₂) by ground-state Au₂₀(SG)₁₆, with evidence for dioxygen insertion into the nanocluster. Supported by analyses with IR, ESI-MS, and density functional theory, we propose the formation of …

6d Rigid Object Pose Estimation Using Deep Learning, Zhujun Li

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

6D object pose estimation is the task of determining an object’s 3D rotation and translation with respect to a camera, and plays a critical role in applications such as robotic manipulation, autonomous navigation, and augmented reality. While recent advances in deep learning have substantially improved performance, many existing methods still face limitations in learning robust and generalizable representations. Factors such as variations in object appearance, occlusion, sensor noise, and domain shifts can degrade model accuracy, highlighting the need for more effective representation learning strategies that capture rich geometric and semantic cues for reliable pose estimation across diverse conditions.

This dissertation …