Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

The Return To Anisotropy Across A Jet In Crossflow, Gregory P. Sakradse

Dissertations and Theses

With data from experiments on a jet of air emitting from an orifice flush with the floor of a wind tunnel providing a transverse flow, analysis is conducted to extract information about the state of anisotropy in the Reynolds stress tensor. Inflow velocities are modulated across two distinct turbulence intensity regimes while holding jet exit conditions constant, providing an opportunity to isolate effects of both jet to crossflow velocity ratio, r and the effects of the turbulence carried by the crossflow. Anisotropy in the Reynolds stress tensor is examined through anisotropy invariant maps and evolution of the function F, …

Mid-Miocene Icelandites Of Eastern Oregon: Petrogenesis And Magmatic Lineage To Main-Phase Crbg With Constraints On Storage Sites, Melissa Aileen Carley

Dissertations and Theses

The La-Grande Owyhee eruptive axis is a mid-Miocene to Pliocene ~300 km long volcanic belt located at the eastern margin of the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) in Oregon. Within this volcanic belt there are numerous vents that have produced a large volume of petrologically diverse rocks ranging from the tholeiitic flood basalts of the CRBG to rhyolitic tuffs of caldera complexes such as the Lake Owyhee Volcanic field. Icelandites, which are iron rich andesites, are known to occur in association with silica saturated to oversaturated tholeiitic basalts as a minor part of continental flood basalt volcanism. This study investigates …

Virginia Beach Flood Protection Program Bond Referendum Analysis, Robert Mcnab, Juita-Elena (Wie) Yusuf, Afi Anuar, Jessica Whitehead

Presentations, Lectures, Posters, Reports

[First paragraph of the Executive Summary]

On November 2, 2021, voters in the City of Virginia Beach will vote on a referendum that determines whether or not the City Council should increase real estate taxes to fund a Flood Protection Program. The proposal accelerates the construction of six flood mitigation projects already in the Virginia Beach Capital Improvement Plan by 3 years, and funds design and construction of 15 additional projects that would also be completed by 2031. This report, jointly produced by Old Dominion University’s Institute for Coastal Adaptation and Resilience (ICAR) and the Dragas Center for Economic Analysis …

Atomistic Simulations And In Silico Mutational Profiling Of Protein Stability And Binding In The Sars-Cov-2 Spike Protein Complexes With Nanobodies: Molecular Determinants Of Mutational Escape Mechanisms, Gennady M. Verkhivker, Steve Agajanian, Deniz Yasar Oztas, Grace Gupta

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Structure-functional studies have recently revealed a spectrum of diverse high-affinity nanobodies with efficient neutralizing capacity against SARS-CoV-2 virus and resilience against mutational escape. In this study, we combine atomistic simulations with the ensemble-based mutational profiling of binding for the SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD complexes with a wide range of nanobodies to identify dynamic and binding affinity fingerprints and characterize the energetic determinants of nanobody-escaping mutations. Using an in silico mutational profiling approach for probing the protein stability and binding, we examine dynamics and energetics of the SARS-CoV-2 complexes with single nanobodies Nb6 and Nb20, VHH E, a pair combination VHH E + …

(Linked) Data Quality Assessment: An Ontological Approach, Aparna Nayak, Bojan Bozic, Luca Longo

Conference papers

The effective functioning of data-intensive applications usually requires that the dataset should be of high quality. The quality depends on the task they will be used for. However, it is possible to identify task-independent data quality dimensions which are solely related to data themselves and can be extracted with the help of rule mining/pattern mining. In order to assess and improve data quality, we propose an ontological approach to report data quality violated triples. Our goal is to provide data stakeholders with a set of methods and techniques to guide them in assessing and improving data quality

Effects Of Fluoride On Submandibular Glands Of Mice: Changes In Oxidative Biochemistry, Proteomic Profile, And Genotoxicity, Leidiane Alencar De Oliveira Lima, Giza Hellen Nonato Miranda, Walessa Alana Bragança Aragão, Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt, Sávio Monteiro Dos Santos, Michel Platini Caldas De Souza, Lygia S. Nogueira, Edivaldo Herculano Corrêa De Oliveira, Marta Chagas Monteiro, Aline Dionizio, Aline Lima Leite, Juliano Pelim Pessan, Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf, Rafael Rodrigues Lima

Department of Chemistry: Faculty Publications

Although fluoride (F) is well-known to prevent dental caries, changes in cell processes in different tissues have been associated with its excessive exposure. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of F exposure on biochemical, proteomic, and genotoxic parameters of submandibular glands. Twenty one old rats (n = 30) were allocated into three groups: 60 days administration of drinking water containing 10 mgF/L, 50 mgF/L, or only deionized water (control). The submandibular glands were collected for oxidative biochemistry, protein expression profile, and genotoxic potential analyses. The results showed that both F concentrations increased the levels of thiobarbituric acid–reactive …

Evaluation Of “Feeding Intelligence” In Murrah Water Buffaloes Grazing Three Different Tropical Grasses, P. B. Alcântara

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Acceptability and palatability are two terms of large utilization that help to understand animal selection for feed. “Feeding intelligence” is a new theory recently introduced to replace those terms mentioned before. According to most recent research works, the feeding intelligence is acquired and remains for a long period of time in the memory of some animals. The present experiment had the purpose of showing its occurence in water buffaloes aiming, at the same time, to better understand their feeding behaviour. Three tropical grasses were tested: Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu, Panicum maximum cv Tanzania and Setaria sphacelata var. sericeae cv Kazungula. …

On The Scale Dependence Of Foraging In Terrestrial Herbivores, John M. Fryxell, C. B. D. Fortin, J. Wilmshurst

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Meaningful modeling of the spatial and trophic dynamics of terrestrial herbivores demands understanding of the constraints and fitness objectives that presumably underlie behavior. This is complex in terrestrial herbivores, because of scale-dependent constraints on nutrient or energy gain. Mechanistic processes of forage cropping, forage mastication, movements between feeding stations, and forage digestion each have unique constraints that apply on different time, size, and spatial scales. Moreover, competing activities are rarely taken into account. Experimental testing of foraging objectives is therefore clouded by uncertainty regarding which time scale is most relevant from the animal’s perspective, leading to confusion and misrepresentation in …

Foraging Strategies On Rangeland: Effects On Intake And Animal Performance, Peter O’Reagain

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rangelands exhibit extreme spatial and temporal variability in forage quality and availability. The animals that utilise these rangelands have consequently evolved a range of foraging strategies in an attempt to cope with this variability and maintain nutrient intake. In general, animals respond to and exploit spatial variability at all scales by selecting those items or units which optimise the intake of digestible nutrients and hence animal production. Animals similarly employ a variety of strategies to cope with temporal variability on rangelands. These strategies may include adjusting foraging behaviour and/or exploiting critical resources or resource areas to buffer temporal variability in …

Influence Of Sward Height, Concentrate Supplementation And Season On Grazing Activity Of Beef Cows, O. J. Gekara, E. C. Prigge, W. B. Bryan, M. Schettini, E. L. Nestor

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The influence of sward height, concentrate supplementation and season on daily pattern of forage consumption of lactating beef cows grazing cool season pastures was determined. Cows (n=24; BW=535±10.8 kg) were randomly assigned to eight plots maintained at sward heights (SH) of either 4-8 cm or 8-12 cm and fed three levels of concentrate supplement: none = 0 kg/day, low = 3.12 kg/day or high = 6.24 kg/day. Cows on lower SH had greater (P < .08) forage dry matter intake and spent an additional 1.2 hours/day (P < .01) grazing compared to the higher SH. Cows on lower SH consumed 7.7 kg/day of forage dry matter and grazed 9.4 hours/day whereas those on higher SH consumed 7.1 kg/day and grazed 8.2 hours/day. Cows on lower SH grazed 0.7 hours/day (P < .06) and 0.4 hours/day (P < .08) longer at 06:00-10:00 hour and 11:00-13:00 hour, respectively, compared to the higher SH. Grazing efficiency (kg of forage consumed/hour of grazing) decreased (P < .01) as season progressed. Season influenced duration of grazing activity (P < .01). Cows grazed 0.5 hours longer (P < .01) at 06:00-10:00 hour late in summer (August) compared to spring (May) and mid summer (June/July). Cows grazed 0.3 hours longer (P < .08) at 11:00-13:00 hour during spring compared to late summer.

Safflower (Carthamus Tintorius): A Promising Forage Crop For Semi-Arid Regions, Y. Leshem, I. Bruckental, S. Y. Landau, G. Ashbell, Z. Weinberg

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The yield, quality, preservation and intake of safflower hay were determined in two successive years - 1998 and 1999. Field experiments carried out at the Bet Dagan experimental station on the coastal plain of Israel under rain-fed conditions. A spineless variety was tested under three sowing dates. Yield decreased and quality improved as the sowing date receded from November 12 to February 3. Respective yields, IVDMD and CP content were: 22 and 8 ton DM/ha, 48.9% and 65.5% , 10.0% and 14.6%. Safflower at 290, 410 and 770 g/kg DM was ensiled in 1.5-l anaerobic glass jars with or without …

Effects Of Different Levels Of Energy On Growth Of Grazing And Drylot Fed Holstein Heifers, L. P. Novaes, C. E. Polan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Growth of Holstein heifers were studied to evaluate the combination of a drylot phase followed by feeding energy for pasture supplementation during the grazing season of 1988. Heifers grazed a grass-legume mixture in six paddocks of 1.5 ha each. After drylot, animals were equally allotted to pasture and none or 2.0 kg/d of corn were fed in addition to grazing in a changeover design with repeated measurements. Heifers were fed a high (HE) or low energy (LE) diets in confinement and daily gains were 1190 (HE) and 990 g/day (LE) which were different. On pasture, corn supplementation did not enhance …

Leaf Fragment Identification Of Subtropical Native Grass Species, C. H. E. C. Poli, J. M. Rosito, A. G. Schirmer, P. R. Boggiano, P. C. De F. Carvalho

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The present study was carried out to characterise leaf fragments of important plant species of a subtropical native sward in the southernmost state of Brazil. Thirteen important grass species were collected from April to May 1999. Both sides of the leaves were observed using a stereomicroscope. In addition, two approaches were tested to provide a clearer characterisation of the leaves of each species: the leaves were either dried or frozen. The kind and number of veins, the kind and number of hair, and the arrangements and number of stomates on both sides of each leaf are the most useful characteristics …

Socio-Economic And Governance Conditions Corresponding To Change In Animal Agriculture: South Dakota Case Study, Jacqueline S. Welles, Noelle Cielito T. Soriano, Freda Elikem Dorbu, G M. Pereira, Laura M. Rubeck, Erica L. Timmermans, Benjamin Ndayambaje, Alison V. Deviney, John J. Classen, Jacek A. Koziel, Erin L. Cortus

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Understanding sustainable livestock production requires consideration of both qualitative and quantitative factors in a temporal and/or spatial frame. This study adapted Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) to relate conditions of social, economic, and governance factors to changes in livestock inventory across several counties and over time. This paper presents an approach that (1) identified factors with the potential to relate to a change in livestock inventory and (2) analyzed commonalities within these factors related to changes spatially and temporally. This paper illustrates the approach and results when applied to five counties in eastern South Dakota. The specific response variables were periods …

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No abstract provided.

Effect Of Soil Ph On Emergence And Survival Of Austrodanthonia Spp., M. A. Islam, P. M. Dowling, B. C. Jacobs, P. J. Milham, D. L. Garden, M. K. Conyers, R. Van De Ven

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

We evaluated the effects of soil acidity on seedling emergence and seedling persistence of several ecotypes of Austrodanthonia spp. collected from the Central, Southern and Monaro Tablelands of New South Wales (NSW) in southern temperate Australia. A pot experiment was conducted outdoors to identify the most promising material tolerant to soil acidity for domestication. In the experiment, 183 ecotypes and two commercial cultivars of Austrodanthonia were grown in pots at three levels of pH_Ca (3.9, 4.4 and 5.3). The pH treatments were achieved by adding either aluminium sulphate or lime to an acid earthy sandy loam soil collected from …

Effects Of Fertilizer Rates And Pasture Type On Soil Mineral Nitrogen Concentration Under Dairy Pasture, T. A. Cox, D. F. Chapman, Frank R. Mckenzie

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effects of three rates of nitrogen (N) fertilizer applied to monocultures of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.), and mixed ryegrass / clover swards, grazed by dairy cows on soil mineral nitrogen levels in the top 10cm of soil were studied on a dryland pasture in south-western, Victoria, Australia. Ammonium and nitrate were monitored for 14 months. Clover monocultures had significantly greater NO₃^- levels, however a similar trend was not observed for NH₄⁺ . Increasing fertilizer application rate significantly increased both NO₃^- and NH₄^{+ …}

Nitrogen Fertilization In Paspalum Dilatatum, Poir: Herbage Production, Nutritive Value And Structural Characteristics, G. Acosta, V. A. Deregibus

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

It was studied the effect of nitrogen application on structural changes and quantity and quality characteristics of a Paspalum dilatatum Poir sward, under field conditions during two growing seasons. The nitrogen (N) rates were 0 and 440 kg ha^-1 applied during the first year in split applications. The nitrogen fertilization increased leaf, stem and cumulative total dry matter yield, plant height, tiller density, cover ground and leaf crude protein yield.

Growth Responses Of Acacia Angustissima To Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation, N. Lucena Costa, Valdinei T. Paulino, T. S. Paulino

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The response of Acacia angustissima to VAM species (Acaulospora laevis, A. muricata, Entrophosphora colombiana, Glomus mosseae, G. fasciculatum, G. macrocarpum, G. etunicatum, Gigaspora margarita, G. gigantea and Scutellospora heterogama) was evaluated under greenhouse conditions, in a P-deficient clayey Oxisol of pH 5.5. The soil was sterilized at 110^oC for one hour each day for three days and reinoculated with a soil microbial suspension free of mycorrhizal fungi spores. The several VAM fungi were effective in increasing DM yield, nodulation, and N and P uptake of A. angustissima plants. The most efficient species were E. colombiana, A. …

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No abstract provided.

The Response Of Airborne Mycobiome To Dust Storms In The Eastern Mediterranean, Xuefeng Peng, Daniela Gat, Adina Paytan, Yinon Rudich

Faculty Publications

Airborne microbial communities directly impact the health of humans, animals, plants, and receiving ecosystems. While airborne bacterial and fungal communities have been studied by both cultivation-based methods and metabarcoding surveys targeting specific molecular markers, fewer studies have used shotgun metagenomics to study the airborne mycobiome. We analyzed the diversity and relative abundance of fungi in nine airborne metagenomes collected on clear days (“background”) and during dust storms in the Eastern Mediterranean. The negative correlation between the relative abundance of fungal reads and the concentrations of atmospheric particulate matter having an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 μm (PM10) indicate that dust …

Data Analysis Of The “2021 Covid, Equity And Social Justice Showcase”, Cristo Leon, James Lipuma

STEM Month

During the “2021 STEM for All Video Showcase” (NSF, 2021) funded by the National Science Foundation, 287 short videos showcasing federally funded projects aimed at improving STEM and CS education were presented.

The videos highlight strategies to engage students during COVID-19 and address educational inequities.

Deep Fakes: The Algorithms That Create And Detect Them And The National Security Risks They Pose, Nick Dunard

James Madison Undergraduate Research Journal (JMURJ)

The dissemination of deep fakes for nefarious purposes poses significant national security risks to the United States, requiring an urgent development of technologies to detect their use and strategies to mitigate their effects. Deep fakes are images and videos created by or with the assistance of AI algorithms in which a person’s likeness, actions, or words have been replaced by someone else’s to deceive an audience. Often created with the help of generative adversarial networks, deep fakes can be used to blackmail, harass, exploit, and intimidate individuals and businesses; in large-scale disinformation campaigns, they can incite political tensions around the …

The Fertilization Of Forage Grasses With Phosphorus In The Cerrado Area Of Uberaba-Mg, Brazil, I. F. Andrade, M. A. Oliveira

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Using an area of Cerrado at the EPAMIG Experimental Station in Uberaba - MG, it was studied the response of four forage grasses to phosphorus application. It was used the grasses: Andropogon gayanus, Brachiaria brizantha, Hyparrhenia rufa, and Panicum maximum. The phosphorus fertilizer used was a yoorin termophosphate and the doses were: 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg/ha of P₂O₅. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications. Each experimental unit measured 6x8m and the measured parameters were: dry matter production, protein production, percentage of dry matter, and protein, and …

Alfalfa Response To Phosphorus Sources Associated With The Application Of Liming And Gypsum-Shoot Numbers, P. Sarmento, M. Corsi, F. P. Campos

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was grown in a Typic Mapluolox soil with triple superphosphate (TS), Gafsa phosphate (GP) and GP with gypsum (GP + G). Three rates of phosphorus application were used 50, 100 and 200 mg P dm^-3, before and after liming. Alfalfa was harvested three times. Basal and axillary shoot numbers in alfalfa increased with increasing phosphorus rates. Shoots were produced in higher number with GP in comparison with TS. GP + G resulted in higher basal shoot number than GP. However, there was no gypsum effect on axillary shoot numbers. Liming before or after …

Soil Nitrate Level Variation Under Intensive Nitrogen Fertilized Coastcross Pasture, O. Primavesi, A. C. Primavesi, L. A. Corrêa, H. Cantarella, A. G. Silva

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Nitrate levels in soil profile after the first N application on coastcross pasture, grown on a dark red latosol (Hapludox), in São Carlos, SP, Brazil, under tropical altitude climate, were measured at 7-day intervals, to monitor possible losses in depth. Soil nitrate rates varied with high rates of N-ammonium nitrate (200 kg ha^-1 per cutting) in surface layers. Danger of environmental impact was low in the studied conditions.

Saturated Field Hydraulic Conductivity Variation In Intensively Managed Tropical Pastures, O. Primavesi, A. C. Primavesi, S. R. Vieira

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Saturated field hydraulic conductivity was measured, using a Guelph permeameter, at the depths of 10, 20 and 60 cm, to verify the effect of intensively managed, compared to extensively managed ones, beef cattle production systems on pastures grown on three soils (Hapludox, Eutrudox, Paleudalf), in São Carlos, SP, Brazil, under tropical altitude climate. Significant differences occurred within depths (P < 0.05). However, differences decreased with years and, therefore, differences among soils and between management systems were also reduced. Highest mean conductivity values occurred at 60-cm depth and at the extensively managed sward on the sandy Hapludox. Intensively managed Paleudalf showed high resistance to reduction of conductivity at 10-cm depth. A general year effect appeared claiming for more studies on this matter.

The Fierce Green Fire: Vol. 12 Issue 2, Wofford College. Department Of Environmental Studies

The Fierce Green Fire

No abstract provided.

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Controlling Degradation With Force And Light, Brad Davis

Dissertations

Stimuli-responsive polymers respond to changes in their environment by altering their physical and chemical properties. Their responsiveness allows them to be used as sensors, mechanical actuators, delivery systems, and can yield either elongated lifetimes through healing mechanisms or shortened lifetimes through triggered degradation. Still a growing field in polymer science, researchers seek to expand the capabilities of these materials by improving their specificity, range, and mechanisms of both the stimuli and the response. The work presented explores stimuli-responsive materials, focusing on mechanical and light stimuli, and how to gain control of the response by specific changes in the polymeric material. …