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Articles 66961 - 66990 of 294596

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Birotational Hypersurface And The Second Laplace-Beltrami Operator In The Four Dimensional Euclidean Space ${\Mathbb{E}}^{4}$, Erhan Güler, Yusuf Yayli, Hasan Hi̇lmi̇ Hacisali̇hoğlu Jan 2022

Birotational Hypersurface And The Second Laplace-Beltrami Operator In The Four Dimensional Euclidean Space ${\Mathbb{E}}^{4}$, Erhan Güler, Yusuf Yayli, Hasan Hi̇lmi̇ Hacisali̇hoğlu

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

We consider the birotational hypersurface $\mathbf{x(}u,v,w\mathbf{)}$ with the second Laplace-Beltrami operator in the four dimensional Euclidean space ${\mathbb{E}}^{4}.$ We give the $i$-th curvatures of $\mathbf{x}$. In addition, we compute the second Laplace-Beltrami operator of the birotational hypersurface satisfying $\Delta ^{II}\mathbf{x=}\mathcal{A}% \mathbf{x}$ for some $4\times 4$ matrix $\mathcal{A}$.

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On The Geometry Of Lift Metrics And Lift Connections On The Tangent Bundle, Esmaeil Peyghan, Davood Seifipour, Adara Blaga Jan 2022

On The Geometry Of Lift Metrics And Lift Connections On The Tangent Bundle, Esmaeil Peyghan, Davood Seifipour, Adara Blaga

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

We study lift metrics and lift connections on the tangent bundle $TM$ of a Riemannian manifold $(M,g)$. We also investigate the statistical and Codazzi couples of $TM$ and their consequences on the geometry of $M$. Finally, we prove a result on $1$-Stein and Osserman structures on $TM$, whenever $TM$ is equipped with the complete lift connection.

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Universality Of An Absolutely Convergent Dirichlet Series With Modified Shifts, Antanas Laurincikas, Renata Macaitiene, Darius Siauciunas Jan 2022

Universality Of An Absolutely Convergent Dirichlet Series With Modified Shifts, Antanas Laurincikas, Renata Macaitiene, Darius Siauciunas

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In the paper, a theorem on approximation of a wide class of analytic functions by generalized shifts $\zeta_{u_T}(s+i\varphi(\tau))$ of an absolutely convergent Dirichlet series $\zeta_{u_T}(s)$ which in the mean is close to the Riemann zeta-function is obtained. Here $\varphi(\tau)$ is a monotonically increasing differentiable function having a monotonic continuous derivative such that $\varphi(2\tau)\max\limits_{\tau\leqslant t\leqslant 2\tau} \frac{1}{\varphi'(t)} \ll \tau$ as $\tau\to\infty$, and $u_T\to\infty$ and $u_T\ll T^2$ as $T\to\infty$.

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Explicit Examples Of Constant Curvature Surfaces In The Supersymmetric ${C}P^{2}$ Sigma Model, İsmet Yurduşen Jan 2022

Explicit Examples Of Constant Curvature Surfaces In The Supersymmetric ${C}P^{2}$ Sigma Model, İsmet Yurduşen

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

The surfaces constructed from the holomorphic solutions of the supersymmetric (susy) ${C}P^{N-1}$ sigma model are studied. By obtaining compact general expansion formulae having neat forms due to the properties of the superspace in which this model is described, the explicit expressions for the components of the radius vector as well as the elements of the metric and the Gaussian curvature are given in a rather natural manner. Several examples of constant curvature surfaces for the susy ${C}P^{2}$ sigma model are presented.

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Curvature Identities For Einstein Manifolds Of Dimensions 5 And 6, Yunhee Euh, Jihun Kim, Jeonghyeong Park Jan 2022

Curvature Identities For Einstein Manifolds Of Dimensions 5 And 6, Yunhee Euh, Jihun Kim, Jeonghyeong Park

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Patterson discussed the curvature identities on Riemannian manifolds based on the skew-symmetric properties of the generalized Kronecker delta, and a curvature identity for any 6-dimensional Riemannian manifold was independently derived from the Chern-Gauss-Bonnet Theorem. In this paper, we provide the explicit formulae of Patterson's curvature identity that holds on 5-dimensional and 6-dimensional Einstein manifolds. We confirm that the curvature identities on the Einstein manifold derived from the Chern-Gauss-Bonnet Theorem are the same as the curvature identities deduced from Patterson's result. We also provide examples that support the theorems.

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On The $2$-Class Group Of Some Number Fields Of $2$-Power Degree, Idriss Jerrari, Abdelmalek Azizi Jan 2022

On The $2$-Class Group Of Some Number Fields Of $2$-Power Degree, Idriss Jerrari, Abdelmalek Azizi

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Let $K$ be an imaginary cyclic quartic number field whose $2$-class group is isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}\times\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$, and let $K^*$ denote the genus field of $K$. In this paper, we compute the rank of the $2$-class group of $K^*_n$ the $n$-th layer of the cyclotomic $Z_2$-extension of $K^*$.

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Quasi $J$-Submodules, Ece Yetki̇n Çeli̇kel, Hani Khashan Jan 2022

Quasi $J$-Submodules, Ece Yetki̇n Çeli̇kel, Hani Khashan

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity and $M$ be a unitary $R$-module. The aim of this paper is to extend the notion of quasi $J$-ideals of commutative rings to quasi $J$-submodules of modules. We call a proper submodule $N$ of $M$ a quasi $J$-submodule if whenever $r\in R$ and $m\in M$ such that $rm\in N$ and $r\notin(J(R)M:M)$, then $m\in M$-$rad(N)$. We present various properties and characterizations of this concept (especially in finitely generated faithful multiplication modules). Furthermore, we provide new classes of modules generalizing presimplifiable modules and justify their relation with (quasi) $J$-submodules. Finally, for a submodule $N$ …

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Spinor Representation Of Framed Mannheim Curves, Bahar Doğan Yazici, Zehra İşbi̇li̇r, Murat Tosun Jan 2022

Spinor Representation Of Framed Mannheim Curves, Bahar Doğan Yazici, Zehra İşbi̇li̇r, Murat Tosun

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper, we obtain spinor with two complex components representations of Mannheim curves of framed curves. Firstly, we give the spinor formulas of the frame corresponding to framed Mannheim curve. Later, we obtain the spinor formulas of the frame corresponding to framed Mannheim partner curve. Moreover, we explain the relationships between spinors corresponding to framed Mannheim pairs and their geometric interpretations. Finally, we present some geometrical results of spinor representations of framed Mannheim curves.

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A Characterization Of Abelian Group Codes In Terms Of Their Parameters, Fatma Altunbulak Aksu, İpek Tuvay Jan 2022

A Characterization Of Abelian Group Codes In Terms Of Their Parameters, Fatma Altunbulak Aksu, İpek Tuvay

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In 1979, Miller proved that for a group $G$ of odd order, two minimal group codes in $\mathbb{F}_2G$ are $G$-equivalent if and only if they have identical weight distribution. In 2014, Ferraz-Guerreiro-Polcino Milies disproved Miller's result by giving an example of two non-$G$-equivalent minimal codes with identical weight distribution. In this paper, we give a characterization of finite abelian groups so that over a specific set of group codes, equality of important parameters of two codes implies the $G$-equivalence of these two codes. As a corollary, we prove that two minimal codes with the same weight distribution are $G$-equivalent if …

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Minimal Legendrian Submanifolds Of $\Mathbb S^{9}$ With Nonnegative Sectional Curvature, Shujie Zhai, Heng Zhang Jan 2022

Minimal Legendrian Submanifolds Of $\Mathbb S^{9}$ With Nonnegative Sectional Curvature, Shujie Zhai, Heng Zhang

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper, we established a complete classification of 4-dimensional compact minimal Legendrian submanifolds with nonnegative sectional curvature in the 9-dimensional unit sphere.

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(Co)Limit Calculations In The Category Of 2-Crossed $R$-Modules, Eli̇s Soylu Yilmaz Jan 2022

(Co)Limit Calculations In The Category Of 2-Crossed $R$-Modules, Eli̇s Soylu Yilmaz

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this work, we obtain how to construct finite limits and colimits for 2-crossed $R$-Modules over groups denoted with $\mathbf{X_2Mod/R}$. We give direct construction of the pullback object to show that this category has finite products over the terminal object. We also show finite coproducts and (co)completeness.

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Some Asymptotic Results For The Continued Fraction Expansions With Odd Partial Quotients, Gabriela Ileana Sebe, Dan Lascu Jan 2022

Some Asymptotic Results For The Continued Fraction Expansions With Odd Partial Quotients, Gabriela Ileana Sebe, Dan Lascu

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

We present and develop different approaches to study the asymptotic behavior of the distribution functions in the odd continued fractions case. Firstly, by considering the transition operator of the Markov chain associated with these expansions on a certain Banach space of complex-valued functions of bounded variation, we make a brief survey of the solution in the Gauss-Kuzmin-type problem. Secondly, we use the method of Szüsz to obtain a similar asymptotic result and to give a good estimate of the convergence rate involved.

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Continuation Value Computation Using Malliavin Calculus Under General Volatility Stochastic Process For American Option Pricing, Mohamed Kharrat, Fabian Bastin Jan 2022

Continuation Value Computation Using Malliavin Calculus Under General Volatility Stochastic Process For American Option Pricing, Mohamed Kharrat, Fabian Bastin

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

American options represent an important financial instrument but are notoriously difficult to price, especially when the volatility is not constant. We explore the conditions required to apply Malliavin calculus to price American options when the volatility follows a general stochastic differential process, and develop the expressions to compute the continuation value at any time before the expiration date, given the current asset price and volatility. The developed methodology can then be applied to price American options.

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On The Application Of Euler's Method To Linear Integro Differential Equations And Comparison With Existing Methods, Deni̇z Elmaci, Nurcan Baykuş Savaşaneri̇l, Fadi̇me Dal, Mehmet Sezer Jan 2022

On The Application Of Euler's Method To Linear Integro Differential Equations And Comparison With Existing Methods, Deni̇z Elmaci, Nurcan Baykuş Savaşaneri̇l, Fadi̇me Dal, Mehmet Sezer

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this study, a collocation method using Euler method for solving systems of linear integro-differential equations is presented. Thesolution process is illustrated and various physically relevant results are obtained. Comparison of the obtained results with exactsolutions and solutions obtained by other methods show that the proposed method is an effective and highly promising for linear integro-differential equation systems. All of numerical calculations have been made on a computer using a program written in Matlab.

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A New Subclass Of Certain Analytic Univalent Functions Associated With Hypergeometric Functions, Alaatti̇n Akyar Jan 2022

A New Subclass Of Certain Analytic Univalent Functions Associated With Hypergeometric Functions, Alaatti̇n Akyar

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

The main objective of the present paper is to give with using the linear operator theory and also hypergeometric representations of related functions a new special subclass $\mathcal{TS}_{p}(2^{-r},2^{-1}), r\in \mathbb{ Z }^{+}$ of uniformly convex functions and in addition a suitable subclass of starlike functions with negative Taylor coefficients. Furthermore, the provided trailblazer outcomes in presented study are generalized to certain functions classes with fixed finitely many Taylor coefficients.

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Efficient Nyberg-Rueppel Type Of Ntru Digital Signature Algorithm, Ferdi̇ Elverdi̇, Sedat Akleylek, Bariş Bülent Kirlar Jan 2022

Efficient Nyberg-Rueppel Type Of Ntru Digital Signature Algorithm, Ferdi̇ Elverdi̇, Sedat Akleylek, Bariş Bülent Kirlar

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Message recovery is an important property in Nyberg-Rueppel type digital signature algorithms. However, the security of Nyberg-Rueppel type digital signature algorithms depends on the hard problems which might be vulnerable to quantum attacks. Therefore, quantum resistant Nyberg-Rueppel type digital signature algorithms with message recovery property are needed. Since NTRU-based cryptosystems are one of the best studied quantum-resistant schemes, using traditional NTRU encryption scheme has several advantages on the message recovery property. In this paper, we define Nyberg-Rueppel type of NTRU digital signature algorithm. It is carried out by combining NTRU-based encryption and signature algorithms. In the proposed scheme, efficient message …

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Improved Inequalities Related To The A-Numerical Radius For Commutators Of Operator, Kais Feki Jan 2022

Improved Inequalities Related To The A-Numerical Radius For Commutators Of Operator, Kais Feki

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Let $A$ be a positive bounded linear operator on a complex Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$ and $\mathbb{B}_{A}(\mathcal{H})$ be the subspace of all operators which admit $A$-adjoints operators. In this paper, we establish some inequalities involving the commutator and the anticommutator of operators in semi-Hilbert spaces, i.e. spaces generated by positive semidefinite sesquilinear forms. Mainly, among other inequalities, we prove that for $T, S\in\mathbb{B}_{A}(\mathcal{H})$ we have \begin{align*} \omega_A(TS \pm ST) \leq 2\sqrt{2}\min\Big\{f_A(T,S), f_A(S,T) \Big\}, \end{align*} where $$f_A(X,Y)=\ Y\ _A\sqrt{\omega_A^2(X)-\frac{\left \,\left\ \frac{X+X^{\sharp_A}}{2}\right\ _A^2-\left\ \frac{X-X^{\sharp_A}}{2i}\right\ _A^2\right }{2}}.$$ This covers and improves the well-known inequalities of Fong and Holbrook. Here $\omega_A(\cdot)$ and $\ \cdot\ _A$ …

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Arf Numerical Semigroups With Multiplicity $11$ And $13$, Hali̇l İbrahi̇m Karakaş, Sedat İlhan, Meral Süer Jan 2022

Arf Numerical Semigroups With Multiplicity $11$ And $13$, Hali̇l İbrahi̇m Karakaş, Sedat İlhan, Meral Süer

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

Parametrizations are given for Arf numerical semigroups with multiplicity up to 10. In this work, we give parametrizations of Arf numerical semigroups with multiplicity $11$ and $13$, and combining these results with previous results about the number of Arf numerical semigroups with multiplicity $2, 3, 5, 7$, we share some observations about the set of Arf numerical semigroups with prime multiplicity.

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A Multidimensional Diffusion Coefficient Determination Problem For The Time-Fractional Equation, Durdimurod Durdiev, Askar Rahmonov Jan 2022

A Multidimensional Diffusion Coefficient Determination Problem For The Time-Fractional Equation, Durdimurod Durdiev, Askar Rahmonov

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

In this paper, we consider a multidimensional inverse problem for a fractional diffusion equation. The inverse problem is reduced to the equivalent integral equation. For solving this equation the Schauder principle is applied. The local existence and uniqueness results are obtained.

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Formulas For Special Numbers And Polynomials Derived From Functional Equations Of Their Generating Functions, Nesli̇han Kilar Jan 2022

Formulas For Special Numbers And Polynomials Derived From Functional Equations Of Their Generating Functions, Nesli̇han Kilar

Turkish Journal of Mathematics

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate various formulas, identities and relations involving Apostol type numbers and parametric type polynomials. By using generating functions and their functional equations, we give many relations among the certain family of combinatorial numbers, the Vieta polynomials, the two-parametric types of the Apostol-Euler polynomials, the Apostol-Bernoulli polynomials, the Apostol-Genocchi polynomials, the Fibonacci and Lucas numbers, the Chebyshev polynomials, and other special numbers and polynomials. Moreover, we give some formulas related to trigonometric functions, special numbers and special polynomials. Finally, some remarks and observations on the results of this paper are given.

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Gamekeeper’S Thumb With Stener Lesion In A High School Football Player: A Disablement Model Case Study, Rachel M. Gordon, Amy F. Hand, Rebecca M. Hirschhorn, Allison B. Smith, Sonya J. Fuemmeler Jan 2022

Gamekeeper’S Thumb With Stener Lesion In A High School Football Player: A Disablement Model Case Study, Rachel M. Gordon, Amy F. Hand, Rebecca M. Hirschhorn, Allison B. Smith, Sonya J. Fuemmeler

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

This disablement model case study outlines a unique thumb pathology of a high school football player in his non-dominant hand and will detail the benefits of quick referrals for patient with extreme laxity and swelling around the 1st metacarpal. Initially, the patient presented with laxity of the 1st metacarpophalangeal joint and swelling along the 1st metacarpal. Radiographs showed floating bone fragments in the first metacarpophalangeal joint indicating Gamekeeper’s Thumb, an acute injury to the 1st metacarpophalangeal ulnar collateral ligament, complicated by a Stener lesion, requiring surgical repair. The patient was scheduled for surgery in the following week and was casted …

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Genomic Analysis Of Pollen Grains For Forensic Applications, Luz Kelley Jan 2022

Genomic Analysis Of Pollen Grains For Forensic Applications, Luz Kelley

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

With over 300,000 plant species on the planet and more than 90% of them relying on pollen for reproduction, palynology, the study of pollen grains plays a vital role in many research fields. One of them is forensic palynology, which uses pollen as a proxy to link individuals or objects to a location or instance. It relies on the fact that (1) pollen is an ever-present feature of the environment; (2) different locations have different pollen signatures, allowing for inference related to spatial tracking; (3) plants bloom at different times, allowing for temporal inference; and (4) pollen is exceptionally durable …

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Function Approximation Guarantees For A Shallow Neural Network Trained By Gradient Flow, Russell Gentile Jan 2022

Function Approximation Guarantees For A Shallow Neural Network Trained By Gradient Flow, Russell Gentile

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

This work features an original result linking approximation and optimization theory for deep learning. Several examples from recent literature show that, given the same number of learnable parameters, deep neural networks can approximate richer classes of functions, with better accuracy than classical methods. The bulk of approximation theory results though, are only concerned with the infimum error for all possible parameterizations of a given network size. Their proofs often rely on hand-crafted networks, where the weights and biases are carefully selected. Optimization theory indicates that such models would be difficult or impossible to realize with standard gradient-based training methods. The …

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Verification Of Electron Beam Production For Radiation Dosimetry Experimentation, Henri J. Lemieux Jan 2022

Verification Of Electron Beam Production For Radiation Dosimetry Experimentation, Henri J. Lemieux

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Radiation is a natural phenomenon in which energy is emitted in the form of waves or particles through a given medium. Radiation dosimetry is the method of analyzing and assessing this deposited emitted energy. How this emitted energy effects a given object when deposited has been a topic of interest in the fields of science and medicine. In this paper, a novel method is proposed for the verification of electrons in air and determining their delivered dose rate. Using a linear accelerator which had its polarity flipped from producing positive ions to producing electrons, work to verify the production of …

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Density Functional Theory Of Samarium(Ii) Reactivity In Thf And Water, Parisa Fasihianifard Jan 2022

Density Functional Theory Of Samarium(Ii) Reactivity In Thf And Water, Parisa Fasihianifard

Dissertations and Theses

Sm(II) diiodide is widely used in organic synthesis for the reduction of functional groups such as esters, anhydrides, amides, carbonyls, and arenes. Moreover, in aqueous systems and in mixtures of water and THF, the addition of Sm(II) diiodide can reduce water directly resulting in the formation of hydrogen gas. However, the mechanism of these reactions is not completely understood, making it difficult to improve experimental design. The reaction can proceed either through subsequent electron-transfer proton-transfer (ET-PT), subsequent proton transfer electron-transfer (PT-ET), or via proton coupled electron transfer (PCET). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to understand the speciation of …

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Computational Study On The Nucleation Of Polyoxovanadate-Alkoxide Clusters, S M Gulam Rabbani Jan 2022

Computational Study On The Nucleation Of Polyoxovanadate-Alkoxide Clusters, S M Gulam Rabbani

Dissertations and Theses

Polyoxovanadate-alkoxide (POV-alkoxide) clusters are a new class of electroactive species with potential electrochemical applications in redox catalysis, energy storage, and optoelectronics. These clusters' redox properties can be tuned by the functionalization via heterometallic installation and changing alkoxide ligands. However, the formation mechanism of these POV-alkoxides in the solvothermal process is unknown, limiting the rational design to improve their electronic properties. This dissertation reports the speciation study of POV-alkoxide clusters, which is fundamental to controlling and manipulating the evolution of transient species during their nucleation and tuning the final product's properties. Chapter 2 and chapter 3 describe our computational study of …

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Semiconducting Polymer Dots-Based Ratiometric Fluorescent Probes For Detection Of Biomarkers, Shuyi He Jan 2022

Semiconducting Polymer Dots-Based Ratiometric Fluorescent Probes For Detection Of Biomarkers, Shuyi He

Dissertations and Theses

Biomarkers serve a key role in illness diagnosis and treatment. Importantly, early detection can boost the therapy success rate greatly. However, traditional approaches to detect biomarkers based on fluorescence intensity changes of individual fluorophores did not completely realize the potential due to several technical problems such as low sensitivity. Ratiometric fluorescent methods use changes in the intensity of two or more emission bands (caused by the analyte) to create an internal reference that improves detection sensitivity. Due to their unique photophysical properties, such as high fluorescence intensity, high quantum yield, and low toxicity, semiconductor quantum dots (Pdots) are an ideal …

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Randomness Distillation To Improve Key Quality For Context-Based Authentication Schemes, Jackson West Jan 2022

Randomness Distillation To Improve Key Quality For Context-Based Authentication Schemes, Jackson West

Master's Theses

Context-based authentication is a method for transparently validating another device’slegitimacy to join a network based on location. Devices can pair with one another by continuously harvesting environmental noise to generate a random key with no user involvement. However, there are gaps in our understanding of the theoretical limitations of environmental noise harvesting, making it difficult for researchers to build efficient algorithms for sampling environmental noise and distilling keys from that noise. This work explores the information-theoretic capacity of context-based authentication mechanisms to generate random bit strings from environmental noise sources with known properties. Using only mild assumptions about the source …

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Toward Permutation Bases In The Equivariant Cohomology Rings Of Regular Semisimple Hessenberg Varieties, Megumi Harada, Martha Precup, Julianna Tymoczko Jan 2022

Toward Permutation Bases In The Equivariant Cohomology Rings Of Regular Semisimple Hessenberg Varieties, Megumi Harada, Martha Precup, Julianna Tymoczko

Mathematics Sciences: Faculty Publications

Recent work of Shareshian and Wachs, Brosnan and Chow, and Guay-Paquet connects the wellknown Stanley–Stembridge conjecture in combinatorics to the dot action of the symmetric group Sn on the cohomology rings H∗ (Hess(S, h)) of regular semisimple Hessenberg varieties. In particular, in order to prove the Stanley–Stembridge conjecture, it suffices to construct (for any Hessenberg function h) a permutation basis of H∗ (Hess(S, h)) whose elements have stabilizers isomorphic to Young subgroups. In this manuscript we give several results which contribute toward this goal. Specifically, in some special cases, we give a new, purely combinatorial construction of classes …

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New Lower Bounds On The Size-Ramsey Number Of A Path, Deepak Bal, Louis Debiasio Jan 2022

New Lower Bounds On The Size-Ramsey Number Of A Path, Deepak Bal, Louis Debiasio

Department of Mathematics Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

We prove that for all graphs with at most (3.75 − o(1))n edges there exists a 2-coloring of the edges such that every monochromatic path has order less than n. This was previously known to be true for graphs with at most 2.5n − 7.5 edges. We also improve on the best-known lower bounds in the r-color case.

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