Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Development Status Of Copper Electroplating Filling Technology In Through Glass Via For 3d Interconnections, Zhi-Jing Ji, Hui-Qin Ling, Pei-Lin Wu, Rui-Yi Yu, Da-Quan Yu, Ming Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

With the slow development of Moore's Law, the high density and miniaturization of microelectronic devices put forward higher requirements for advanced packaging technology. As a key technology in 2.5D/3D packaging, interposer technology has been extensively studied. According to different interposer materials, it is mainly divided into organic interposer, silicon interposer and glass interposer. Compared with the through silicon via (TSV) interconnection, the through glass via (TGV) interposer has received extensive attention in the 2.5D/3D advanced packaging field for its advantages of excellent high-frequency electrical characteristics, simple process, low cost, and adjustable coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). However, the thermal conductivity …

Influences Of Suppressing Additive Malachite Green On Superconformal Cobalt Filling And Nucleation, Xiao-Chuan Ma, Ya-Qiang Li, Pei-Xia Yang, Jin-Qiu Zhang, Mao-Zhong An

Journal of Electrochemistry

As the semiconductor integrated circuits evolve into 7 nm technology and beyond, the resistance of the Cu filling at back-end-of-line interconnects no longer linearly scales with dimension. The metal Co with lower mean free path can be used to replace Cu for reducing the line resistance caused by the scattering on the outer surface and grain boundary in the smaller and smaller size. In this study, CoSO₄ was used as the main salt, boric acid as a buffer and malachite green (MG) as an inhibitor for further research. According to the electrochemical cyclic voltammetric (CV) curves by using a …

Study On Low Voltage Electrodeposition Of Diamond-Like Carbon Film, Li Wang, Min-Xian Wu, Jun Li, Yan-Li Chen, Wen-Chang Wang, Zhi-Dong Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films are receiving a lot of attention from the scientific community, thanks to the promise of DLC films for applications in microelectronics and optoelectronics. Usually, electrodeposition is the preferred common technique because of low cost, large deposition area and simplicity of the setup. However, when carbon films are electrodeposited on a stainless steel, high cell voltages (≥1000 V) are required owing to the low electric conductivity of the organic solvents. This work has developed a new electrolyte system that could achieve carbon deposition on a stainless steel under a low applied cell voltage. The DLC films were …

Study On Weak Alkaline Cyanide-Free Silver Plating Process For Etching Lead Frame, Jian-Wei Zhao, Hai-Feng Zhu, Xiao-Hui Yu, Gui-Yun Yuan, Zhi Sun

Journal of Electrochemistry

As a new development direction of integrated circuit chip carrier, etched lead frame has been gradually applied in microelectronics industry in recent years. Since the preparation of the etched lead frame requires the use of multiple layers of non-alkali-resistant photoresist films with specific patterns, and the traditional cyanide silver plating is unable to meet this requirement, making that the development of weakly alkaline cyanide free silver plating process has great significance. In this paper, a weak alkaline silver plating process based on 5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DMH) cyanide-free silver plating system was studied. The electrodeposition behavior of the system and the nucleation mechanism …

Approval On The Draft Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Blacktail Creek Piezometer Installation And Monitoring Well Repair Plan (Dated June 10, 2022), Nikia Greene

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Microstructure Of Electrodeposited Copper Foil: Discussion On The Mechanism Model Of Three-Dimensional Electrocrystallization, Ren-Zhi Liu, Ping-Ling Xie, Chong Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The manufacturing of electrolytic copper foil has attracted more and more attention with the extensive applications of printed circuit board and lithium battery. The industrial scale is still extending. Compared with the developments of electroplating equipment and electroplating process, there is limited research on the mechanism of electrodeposition. This paper summarizes the manufacturing process of electrodeposited copper foil and analyzes the differences of various electroplating parameters in different electrodeposited copper technologies, and points out the important role of electrodeposition current density in the formation of copper foil. By showing and comparing the microstructures of different electrodeposited copper foils, the influences …

Allure: A Multi-Modal Guided Environment For Helping Children Learn To Solve A Rubik's Cube With Automatic Solving And Interactive Explanations, Kausik Lakkaraju, Thahimum Hassan, Vedant Khandelwal, Prathamjeet Singh, Cassidy Bradley, Ronak Shah, Forest Agostinelli, Biplav Srivastava, Dezhi Wu

Faculty Publications

Modern artificial intelligence (AI) methods have been used to solve problems that many humans struggle to solve. This opens up new opportunities for knowledge discovery and education. We demonstrate ALLURE, a collaborative educational AI system for learning to solve the Rubik's cube that is designed to help students improve their problem solving skills. ALLURE can both find its own strategies for solving the Rubik's cube and explain those strategies to humans. In the future, ALLURE will also be able to collaborate with humans by building on user-provided strategies for solving the Rubik's cube and as well as generalize to other …

Vortex Sheet Sensitivity To Low-Level Vertical Shear And Airmass Temperature Perturbation, Adam L. Houston, George L. Limpert

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

A theoretical, numerical-modeling-based examination of the sensitivity of vortex sheets along airmass boundaries to the following three characteristics is presented: 1) boundary-normal component of the vertical wind shear, 2) boundary-parallel component of the vertical wind shear, and 3) temperature perturbation within the parent air mass of the boundary. The overall aim of this work is to advance understanding of the sensitivity of micro-α- tomeso-γ-scale vortex generation along airmass boundaries to the ambient environment. Density currents are simulated in a 2D domain that does not allow baroclinic generation of near-surface vertical vorticity (ζ_ns) with parameterized latent heating for convection …

Explainable And Cooperative Autonomy Across Networks Of Distributed Systems, Peter Joseph Jorgensen

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Large networks of complex systems-of-systems are commonplace and evermore present in both mundane and extraordinary facets of human existence. From the exponential growth of connectivity via the internet and other information networks, to the miniaturization of computers and sensors, to cross-domain sensor and communication networks, these networks of distributed systems-of-systems (NDSS) present incredible benefits and challenges. Autonomy is perhaps the most important and most difficult to achieve enabling technology for efficient performance of the NDSS. Giving each individual agent in a network the ability to manage its internal state in dynamic operating environments and in pursuit of multiple complex and …

Boundary Behavior Of Analytic Functions And Approximation Theory, Spyros Pasias

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In this Thesis we deal with problems regarding boundary behavior of analytic functions and approximation theory. We will begin by characterizing the set in which Blaschke products fail to have radial limits but have unrestricted limits on its complement. We will then proceed and solve several cases of an open problem posed in \cite{Da}. The goal of the problem is to unify two known theorems to create a stronger theorem; in particular we want to find necessary and sufficient conditions on sets $E_1\subset E_2$ of the unit circle such that there exists a bounded analytic function that fails to have …

Ultrasmall Nanodiamonds: Perspectives And Questions, Shery L.Y. Chang, Philipp Reineck, Anke Krueger, Vadym Mochalin

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Nanodiamonds are at the heart of a plethora of emerging applications in areas ranging from nanocomposites and tribology to nanomedicine and quantum sensing. The development of alternative synthesis methods, a better understanding, and the availability of ultrasmall nanodiamonds of less than 3 nm size with a precisely engineered composition, including the particle surface and atomic defects in the diamond crystal lattice, would mark a leap forward for many existing and future applications. Yet today, we are unable to accurately control nanodiamond composition at the atomic scale, nor can we reliably create and isolate particles in this size range. In this …

Multiple Solar Receivers Arrangement For High-Temperature Power Generation And Applications, Diego Jesus Guillen Perez

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation presents an investigation of the specification and operation of multiple central solar receivers (CSR) sharing a heliostat field and an analysis of the receiver's thermal performance. A heliostat field was modeled in which different parts of the field aimed at different external or cavity receivers located on the same tower. Optical and thermal performance are analyzed, including the receivers' heat flux, solar thermal efficiency, and annual energy output. Some of the contributions of this research are:

1. Propose a novel configuration for a CSP power generation system using two receivers in a single central tower suitable …

Introduction Of Development And Application Technology Of Organic Additives For Acid Copper Electroplating, Hao-Bin Zou, Chao-Li Tan, Wei Xiong, Dao-Lin Xi, Bin-Yun Liu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Acid copper electroplating is one of the key technologies in buildup multilayer PCB (BUM-PCB) manufacture process and the most important technique to achieve electrical interconnection between any layer and high-density interconnection in a substrate. This article introduces the research focus of organic additives used in acid copper electroplating, and developing different kinds of micro-via filling copper electroplating technique applied in various scenarios, and some other technical problems from applications. First of all, according to the chronopotentiometric (CP) experiment results, the levelers with different polymeric molecular structures exhibited various responses of cupric deposition potential along with their increased concentrations, which is …

Asymmetrical Spectral Continuum Between Anti-Stokes And Stokes Scattering Revealed In Low-Frequency Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, Shuo Sun, Dhanusha T.N. Rathnayake, Yinsheng Guo

Department of Chemistry: Faculty Publications

An asymmetrical spectral continuum is observed in low-frequency surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (LF-SERS) in the terahertz (THz) region. This background continuum appears as a flat baseline in the Stokes side and a slope in the anti-Stokes side. Analysis shows this asymmetry originates from the different scaling of anti-Stokes and Stokes scattering with respect to the Bose−Einstein distribution. Such asymmetry is readily visible, under room temperature, in the low-frequency THz spectral range. Accounting for this spectral intensity asymmetry reveals the intrinsic continuum background of electronic origin, differing from local normal modes and collective relaxational motions. We also describe a numerical method, independent …

Effect Of Sodium Alcohol Thiyl Propane Sulfonate On Electrolysis Of High Performance Copper Foil For Lithium Ion Batteries, Sen Yang, Wen-Chang Wang, Ran Zhang, Shui-Ping Qin, Min-Xian Wu, Naotoshi Mitsuzaki, Zhi-Dong Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

Electrolytic copper foils have been widely used in printed circuit boards and lithium-ion batteries due to their simple production process and high economic value. In the process of electrolysis foil making, additives can greatly improve the performance of electrolytic copper foils. In this work, the copper foils were prepared in a self-designed plate electrodeposition device of which the operating principles were in accordance with those of actual industrial production. A series of the Virgin Make-up Solution (VMS: 312.5 g·L^-1 CuSO₄·5H₂O, 100 g·L^-1 H₂SO₄, 50 mg·L^-1 Cl^-) containing …

Statistical Extensions Of Multi-Task Learning With Semiparametric Methods And Task Diagnostics, Nikolay Miller

Mathematics & Statistics ETDs

In this dissertation, I propose new approaches to multi-task learning, inspired by statistical model diagnostics and semiparametric and additive modeling. The newly designed additive multi-task model framework allows for flexible estimation of multi-task parametric and nonparametric effects by using an extension of the backfitting algorithm. Further, I propose new methods for statistical task diagnostics, which allow for the identification and remedy of outlier tasks, based on task-specific performance metrics and their empirical distributions. I perform a deep examination of the well-established multi-task kernel method and achieve theoretical and experimental contributions. Lastly, I propose a two-step modeling approach to multi-task modeling, …

Online Privacy Challenges And Their Forensic Solutions, Bandr Fakiha

Journal of the Arab American University مجلة الجامعة العربية الامريكية للبحوث

In the digital age, internet users are exposed to privacy issues online. Few rarely know when someone else is eavesdropping or about to scam them. Companies, governments, and individual internet users are all vulnerable to security breaches due to the challenges of online privacy ranging from trust and hierarchical control to financial losses. As systems advance, people are optimistic that forensic science will provide long-term interventions that surpass the current solutions, including setting stronger passwords and firewall protection. The future of online privacy is changing, and more practical interventions, such as email, malware, mobile, and network forensics, must be integrated, …

On The Exact Helium Wave Function Expansion, Carl W. David

Chemistry Education Materials

A ¹S wave function’s expansion for 2 electron atoms and ions is obtained and the leading coefficients are reported.

Efficient And Adaptive Decentralized Sparse Gaussian Process Regression For Environmental Sampling Using Autonomous Vehicles, Tanner A. Norton

Theses and Dissertations

In this thesis, I present a decentralized sparse Gaussian process regression (DSGPR) model with event-triggered, adaptive inducing points. This DSGPR model brings the advantages of sparse Gaussian process regression to a decentralized implementation. Being decentralized and sparse provides advantages that are ideal for multi-agent systems (MASs) performing environmental modeling. In this case, MASs need to model large amounts of information while having potential intermittent communication connections. Additionally, the model needs to correctly perform uncertainty propagation between autonomous agents and ensure high accuracy on the prediction. For the model to meet these requirements, a bounded and efficient real-time sparse Gaussian process …

Polychlorinated Organic Contaminants In Baleen From North Pacific Ocean Whales, Briana R. Coulter

All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations

Persistent organic pollutants (POP) have been detected and analyzed in various baleen whale tissues (blubber, muscles, liver, etc.) This study concentrated on detecting 7 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and 14 organochlorine pesticides from baleen, a baleen whale tissue never before analyzed for POPs. These data were used to investigate temporal and geographic trends by sampling at every 1 cm interval along the length of the baleen plate. Four species of baleen whales stranded in the North Pacific Ocean were included in this study: gray (n=2), humpback (n=2), minke (n=1), and blue (n=1) whales. Organic contaminant concentrations were analyzed with respect to …

Solving Inverse Conductivity Problems In Doubly Connected Domains By The Homogenization Functions Of Two Parameters, Jun Lu, Lianpeng Shi, Chein-Shan Liu, C.S. Chen

Faculty Publications

In the paper, we make the first attempt to derive a family of two-parameter homogenization functions in the doubly connected domain, which is then applied as the bases of trial solutions for the inverse conductivity problems. The expansion coefficients are obtained by imposing an extra boundary condition on the inner boundary, which results in a linear system for the interpolation of the solution in a weighted Sobolev space. Then, we retrieve the spatial- or temperature-dependent conductivity function by solving a linear system, which is obtained from the collocation method applied to the nonlinear elliptic equation after inserting the solution. Although …

Ultrafast Error-Bounded Lossy Compression For Scientific Datasets, Xiaodong Yu, Sheng Di, Kai Zhao, Jiannan Tian, Dingwen Tao, Xin Liang, Franck Cappello

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Today's scientific high-performance computing applications and advanced instruments are producing vast volumes of data across a wide range of domains, which impose a serious burden on data transfer and storage. Error-bounded lossy compression has been developed and widely used in the scientific community because it not only can significantly reduce the data volumes but also can strictly control the data distortion based on the user-specified error bound. Existing lossy compressors, however, cannot offer ultrafast compression speed, which is highly demanded by numerous applications or use cases (such as in-memory compression and online instrument data compression). In this paper, we propose …

Methods In Discrete Mathematics To Study Dna Rearrangement Processes, Lina Fajardo Gómez

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In this work, we introduce novel tools to study DNA recombination pathways and measure their complexity. Genome rearrangement in some ciliate species can be modeled by subword pattern deletions in double-occurrence words (DOWs), words where each symbol appears exactly twice. The iterated deletions can be represented by a graph whose vertices are DOWs connected by an edge if one word can be obtained from the other through a pattern deletion. On this graph, called the “word graph”, we build a complex comprised of cells defined by Cartesian products of simplicial digraphs where we define a boundary operator and compute homology …

Roadmap On Topological Photonics, Hannah Price, Yidong Chong, Alexander B. Khanikaev, Henning Schomerus, Lukas J. Maczewsky, Mark Kremer, Matthias Heinrich, Alexander Szameit, Oded Zilberberg, Yihao Yang, Baile Zhang, Andrea Alù, Ronny Thomale, Iacopo Carusotto, Philippe St-Jean, Alberto Amo, Avik Dutt, Luqi Yuan, Shanhui Fan, Xuefan Yin, Chao Peng, Tomoki Ozawa, Andrea Blanco-Redondo

Advanced Science Research Center

Topological photonics seeks to control the behaviour of the light through the design of protected topological modes in photonic structures. While this approach originated from studying the behaviour of electrons in solid-state materials, it has since blossomed into a field that is at the very forefront of the search for new topological types of matter. This can have real implications for future technologies by harnessing the robustness of topological photonics for applications in photonics devices. This roadmap surveys some of the main emerging areas of research within topological photonics, with a special attention to questions in fundamental science, which photonics …

Biomass Residues Improve Soil Chemical And Biological Properties Reestablishing Native Species In An Exposed Subsoil In Brazilian Cerrado, Thaís Soto Boni, Engil Isadora Pujol Pereira, Adriana Avelino Santos, Ana Maria Rodrigues Cassiolato, Kátia Luciene Maltoni

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Revegetation of exposed sub-soil, while a desirable strategy in the recovery processes, often fails due to extreme soil chemical properties, such as low organic matter and pH levels inhospitable to biological activities such as nutrients cycling and plant establishment. This is the case for approximately 800 ha of the Cerrado biome in Brazil, where erecting the embankment of a hydroelectric dam in the 1960’s stripped vegetation, soil, and subsoil layers thereby distorting the soil properties. This work evaluates the effectiveness of restoration management (RM) treatments, to restore the soil quality, including biological activity and chemical attributes. In a factorial scheme, …

Understanding College Students' Use Of Written Feedback In Mathematics, Erin Loraine Carroll

Theses and Dissertations

Many teachers want to help their students develop a growth mindset about their ability to do mathematics. Research has shown, however, that teachers simply do not know how to promote growth mindsets in their classrooms. Existing research suggests that one way teachers can support students' development of a growth mindset is through the written feedback they provide students. This study combines the research done on students' mindsets and written feedback to examine the interaction between student mindset and written feedback by analyzing written feedback provided to students in a College Algebra class and how students used that feedback based on …

Experimental Radial Profiles Of Early Time (<4 Μs) Neutral And Ion Spectroscopic Signatures In Lightning-Like Discharges, M. Passas-Varo, F. J. Gordillo-Vazquez, J. Sanchez, Ny Kieu Phd

Physics: Faculty Publications and Other Works

This study presents experimental results for the radial and temporal variation of neutral and ion spectroscopic signatures emerging from the heated channel of lightning-like discharges diagnosed with a high speed (900,000 fps) imaging spectrograph. Light emissions emanate from three regions: an inner core (up to ∼2 mm), an external sheath (up to ∼4 mm) featuring a sudden temperature increase, and further optical emissions forming a dim glow from 4 mm up to 16 mm. The optical emissions are initially (

Association Between The Dietary Inflammatory Index And Gastric Disease Risk: Findings From A Korean Population-Based Cohort Study, Sundara Raj Sreeja, Trong-Dat Le, Bang Wool Eom, Seung Hyun Oh, Nitin Shivappa Mbbs, Mph, Ph.D., James R. Hébert Scd, Mi Kyung Kim

Faculty Publications

Evidence suggests that diets with high pro-inflammatory potential may play a substantial role in the origin of gastric inflammation. This study aimed to examine the association between the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DIITM) and gastric diseases at baseline and after a mean follow-up of 7.4 years in a Korean population. A total of 144,196 participants from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study_Health Examination (KoGES_HEXA) cohort were included. E-DII scores were computed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to assess the association between the E-DII and gastric disease risk. In …

Final 2022 Residential Metals Abatement Program (Rmap) Park Soil Sampling Field Sampling Plan (Fsp) Submittal #6 [Covering Stodden Park, Baptist Student Union, Minor Park, Blacktail Lane, Earth Lane, Fleecer Drive, Boulevard (Josette), Boulevard (Lasalle), And Sesame- Sage], Pioneer Technical Services, Inc.

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Draft Final Quarterly Operations And Maintenance Report Butte Treatment Lagoon System – First Quarter 2022, Pioneer Technical Services, Inc.

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.