Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

A Grazing Method To Solve The Lack Of Pastures In The Dry Season Of Tropical Areas With Long Periods Of Drought, R. O. Martinez, R. Tuero, M. F. Díaz

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rotational grazing systems used in tropical areas in Latin America do not solve the great difference in pasture availability between the dry and the rainy season. The main studies on rational grazing (Voisin, 1963) were performed in temperate areas where the deficit of feeds in winter may only be solved with external feeds such as forages and silages produced out of the grazing system. The objective of this work was to demonstrate that it is possible to maintain pasture availability throughout the year with the use of a Pennisetum purpureum clone (Cuba CT-115) adapted to grazing (Martínez et al., …

Breeding And Evaluation Of Forage Soyabeans, T. E. Devine

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The principal use of soyabean in the US in the early 1900s was as livestock forage. Soyabeans are less expensive to establish than small seeded perennial legume forages and can provide legume protein after winter killing of perennial legumes. Soyabean can improve production distribution by vigorous growth during the hot summer season when traditional perennial legumes are less productive.

Effect Of Utilisation Date On The Yield And Quality Of A Semi-Natural Grass Stand In Winter, Jiří Skládanka

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Prolongation of the grazing period into the winter season reduces the costs of feedstuffs for dry cows. To enable the use of pastures in winter it is necessary to carry out the last cut or grazing cycle in June or July and to postpone the last grazing until the first week of August. (Opitz von Boberfeld, 1997). The time of the last utilisation in summer influences the yield and quality of herbage during the winter season (Bartholomew et al., 1997). This research studied changes in yield and quality of a semi-natural grass stand in autumn and in winter following …

Annual Forage Legume Response To Herbicides Labelled For Lucerne Establishment, Twain J. Butler, R. Bow, J. P. Muir

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Weed competition reduces stand establishment, thus lowering forage production and quality. However, there are no herbicides labelled for annual legume establishment, despite several labelled for the establishment of lucerne (Medicago sativa). Some of these may be useful in the establishment and production of annual forage legumes. Lucerne herbicides have greater potential for use on other legumes, since they have grazing and feeding clearance. The objective of this paper is to summarize annual legume yield response trials to herbicides labelled for lucerne establishment.

Linear Regression With Regularization On The Genetic Architecture Of Maize Flowering Time, Roland Fiagbe

Data Science and Data Mining

Over a century, the maize crop has been one of the most important crop species that is targeted for genetic investigations and experiments. One of the major experiments that have been a topic of interest is crossing inbred lines to produce better offspring through a process called heterosis. Crossing the inbred lines create numerous SNP markers that determine the time to male flowering. This project seeks to explore the SNP markers to select the most relevant ones for predicting time to male flowering using linear regression with regularization methods due to the fact that p > n in our dataset. Various …

Explainable Software Defect Prediction From Cross Company Project Metrics Using Machine Learning, Susmita Haldar, Luiz Fernando Capretz

Electrical and Computer Engineering Publications

Predicting the number of defects in a project is critical for project test managers to allocate budget, resources, and schedule for testing, support and maintenance efforts. Software Defect Prediction models predict the number of defects in given projects after training the model with historical defect related information. The majority of defect prediction studies focused on predicting defect-prone modules from methods, and class-level static information, whereas this study predicts defects from project-level information based on a cross-company project dataset. This study utilizes software sizing metrics, effort metrics, and defect density information, and focuses on developing defect prediction models that apply various …

Composite Climate Risk Exposure In High-Emitting California Industries, Nicholas M. Graves

Master's Projects and Capstones

The correlation of anthropogenic carbon emissions and changes in the global climate system is unequivocal. Governments are enacting policy from the local, state, federal, and international levels that present major transition risks for businesses. In parallel, legacy emissions are already causing discernible changes in the climate system via increased frequencies of drought, wildfire, flooding, and extreme heat; these changes present material physical risks to existing business infrastructure. Taken together, these risks form the foundation of proposed regulations for climate risk disclosure by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. Existing literature has not provided an at-scale screening methodology for climate …

Community Microgrids As An Equitable Climate Resilience And Adaptation Strategy In California, Savanna Olivia Smith

Master's Projects and Capstones

Climate change summons more extreme and frequent weather events that threaten communities’ access to power. Without power, businesses lose revenue, essential services are limited, people are exposed to extreme temperatures, and lives are lost. California has adopted microgrids as a solution to costly power outages, electrification needs, and renewable energy goals. This work evaluates the adoption of microgrids as an equitable climate resilience and adaptation strategy through a geospatial analysis of California’s resilience investment needs, a case study analysis of 9 existing tribal and rural microgrids, and a gap analysis of California and federal policies and incentive programs. Programs like …

Offshore Wind Energy And Seabird Collision Vulnerability In California, Whitney Grover

Master's Projects and Capstones

California has ambitious clean energy goals designed to help mitigate the worst outcomes of climate change. Offshore wind is an important part of the solution to meet California’s clean energy goals, but has potential negative impacts on the marine environment. As offshore wind energy is new to California, this paper reviews and synthesizes existing literature from other parts of the world, looking at the real and theoretical risk of seabird collision with offshore wind turbines. Learnings from existing offshore wind projects in the U.K. as well as theoretical and modeled risk assessments are applied to California’s plans to determine the …

Assessing Equity Of Green Infrastructure Strategies To Address Heat Vulnerability In Los Angeles Sustainable City Planning, Sophia N. La Herran

Master's Projects and Capstones

Urbanization has brought about many undesirable environmental changes, with extreme heat and urban heat island (UHI) effect being some of the most significant. In addition to the challenge of UHI effect and increase of extreme heat events, heat also disproportionately affects different types of urban populations with higher populations of minority and low-income residents, who are more exposed and have limited capacity to adapt to extreme. The increased vulnerability to heat faced by socially vulnerable communities can be linked to the inequalities in neighborhood level exposure to extreme heat events, underlying health conditions, workplace conditions, housing quality, and other lasting …

Increasing Access And Sustainability For Camping Along The Bay Area Ridge Trail, Hannah F. Bartee

Master's Projects and Capstones

The Bay Area Ridge Trail (Ridge Trail) is a long-distance, multi-use trail that connects parks and open space on the ridge lines encircling the San Francisco Bay (Bay). Like the Pacific Crest Trail and Appalachian Trail, the Ridge Trail offers continuous travel through protected natural areas, but this trail is unique as it is located in a densely populated metropolitan area. The trail is currently incomplete, with gaps where the trail does not connect. The Ridge Trail also lacks the number and distribution of overnight accommodations needed to support a full circumnavigation of the Bay. Addressing gaps in the current …

Sustainability Analysis: Large-Scale Desalination Implications For Coastal California, Elizabeth H. Whitford

Master's Projects and Capstones

In response to prolonged drought, desalination is gaining popularity as an alternative water production method for fresh water. However, water desalting technology poses concerns; the process is energy intensive, creates brine waste, and has the potential to damage sensitive coastal ecosystems. Significant research is available on the technological, economic, and energy efficiency aspects of desalination, while only a small percentage of the current literature focuses on environmental impacts. This research analyzes the desalination literature holistically in terms of both energy consumption and environmental impacts by conducting 1) a historical and current state review of the sector, 2) a technology analysis …

Stormwater To Groundwater: How California Can Increase Groundwater Storage And Build Climate Resilience., Emily M. Perales

Master's Projects and Capstones

California is predicted to have more intense and frequent changes in weather patterns within the next 50 years. Historical and current groundwater use for residential and agricultural use is unsustainable and is creating significant deficits in groundwater aquifers throughout the state. To better adapt to potential damages caused by atmospheric rivers, better stormwater management and capture could increase California’s Climate adaptability. This study is focused on the means and methods to capture stormwater and increase groundwater recharge. Nature-based infrastructure (NBI), or Green Infrastructure (GI), has been used in urban areas throughout the country to mitigate harmful stormwater effects by replicating …

Clean Energy At The Crossroads Of America: An Integrated Resource Plan For Northern Indiana Public Service Company, Llc (Nipsco), Saad Z. Khan, Shend Boshnjaku

Master's Projects and Capstones

This paper outlines an Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) for the Indiana electric utility company, NIPSCO, looking forward to the year 2050 and evaluating different pathways to net zero emissions from the power generation sector. It is a plan for the future, identifying the most cost-effective and reliable mix of resources to meet the energy needs of NIPSCO's customers and reaching decarbonization goals by mid-century.

Conflict And Coltan: Resource Extraction And Collision In The Democratic Republic Of The Congo And Venezuela, Jenna Marie Goldblatt

Student Theses 2015-Present

Resource extraction has played an essential role in shaping human development and is an essential tool for technological improvement. However, resource extraction is also inherently exploitative of the environment, and therefore of people. This paper evaluates the relationship between Coltan, a mineral necessary for the creation of electronic capacitors, and the conflict it creates locally, regionally, and internationally through the case studies of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Venezuela. These case studies illustrate the relationship between export and consumption based countries and how this relationship keeps “developing” countries in a never ending cycle of development, and developed …

Considerations For The Use Of Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculants In Coal Mine Reclamation And Reforestation In Appalachia: A Guide Of Best Practices And Management Recommendations, Cole Hansen Reistrup

Master's Projects and Capstones

Nearly all terrestrial plants form symbiotic relationships with mycorrhizal fungi. These beneficial soil microbes support plant health by increasing plants’ access to nutrients and water, protecting them from pathogens, improving soil properties, and more. A challenge to restoring forests on coal mined land in Appalachia is that mine soils are often degraded in a number of ways, including lacking mycorrhizal fungi, which makes mine soils difficult for trees to grow upon. Substantial improvements to coal mine reforestation success have been made since the development of the Forestry Reclamation Approach in 2005 that provides guidelines for how to create a suitable …

Fair Signposting Profile, Herbert Van De Sompel, Martin Klein, Shawn Jones, Michael L. Nelson, Simeon Warner, Anusuriya Devaraju, Robert Huber, Wilko Steinhoff, Vyacheslav Tykhonov, Luc Boruta, Enno Meijers, Stian Soiland-Reyes, Mark Wilkonson

Computer Science Faculty Publications

[First paragraph] This page details concrete recipes that platforms that host research outputs (e.g. data repositories, institutional repositories, publisher platforms, etc.) can follow to implement Signposting, a lightweight yet powerful approach to increase the FAIRness of scholarly objects.

Maximum Likelihood Estimation Of Glandular Fraction For Mammography, Bryce Smith

LSU Master's Theses

Breast tissue is a mixture of adipose and fibro glandular tissue with a glandular fraction on average of 20%-30%. Previous studies have confirmed that there is a risk of undetected breast cancer related to the amount of glandular tissue present in the breast. Since a higher glandular fraction can lead to an increased cancer risk, it is important for radiologists to know quantitative glandular fraction when diagnosing a patient. Another increasingly popular protocol for mammography is to eliminate the anti-scatter grid and use software algorithms to reduce scatter. This work focuses on using a maximum likelihood algorithm to estimate the …

Cooking With Chemistry: Marshmallows, Admin Stem For Success

STEM for Success Showcase

This lesson plan teaches students thermodynamics, foam, and other chemistry topics by cooking marshmallows.

Desalination: Adapting To A Changing Climate And An Increasing Demand For Freshwater, Rebecca A. Acosta

Master's Projects and Capstones

The state of California is just one place in the world that is experiencing an increasing demand for freshwater while also experiencing increasingly hotter conditions and longer periods of drought. There are a number of plants slated for development in the state of California but have been met with resistance from the public with concerns regarding their impacts to the surrounding marine environments. This paper provides background on desalination plants, provides evidence for a potential indicator species, identifies potential impacts to marine environments, and addresses stakeholder concerns and perceptions around desalination plants.

Climate Change Impacts To Oil Spill Risk And Assessing California's Preparedness, Adeline L. Ford

Master's Projects and Capstones

This report investigates the possibility that climate change could increase the risk of oil spills in California. The primary climate change impact reviewed is the increasing severity of storms and extreme weather events. Natural disasters can be the initiating cause of technological accidents and the increasing severity or frequency of intense storms may increase the likelihood of an oil spill from refineries, extraction/drilling rigs, or oil in transport. A literature review of climate adaptation strategies and storm intensity predictions was completed to determine if severe storm events are expected to increase in intensity or frequency. A review of oil spill …

Shared Decision Making In Acute Pain Management In Patients With Opioid Use Disorder: A Scoping Review, Morgan R Cowan, Gregory M Blazek, Tiffany Champagne-Langabeer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The treatment of acute pain over the years has changed with increasing alternative therapies and increased scrutiny of opioid prescriptions. Shared Decision Making (SDM) has become a vital tool in increasing patient engagement and satisfaction in treatment decisions. SDM has been successfully implemented in the management of pain in a variety of settings; however, information regarding the use of SDM for treating acute pain in patients with a history of opioid use disorder (OUD) remains scarce. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), we conducted a review to understand how SDM is …

Quehry: A Question Answering System To Query Electronic Health Records

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

OBJECTIVE: We propose a system, quEHRy, to retrieve precise, interpretable answers to natural language questions from structured data in electronic health records (EHRs).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We develop/synthesize the main components of quEHRy: concept normalization (MetaMap), time frame classification (new), semantic parsing (existing), visualization with question understanding (new), and query module for FHIR mapping/processing (new). We evaluate quEHRy on 2 clinical question answering (QA) datasets. We evaluate each component separately as well as holistically to gain deeper insights. We also conduct a thorough error analysis for a crucial subcomponent, medical concept normalization.

RESULTS: Using gold concepts, the precision of quEHRy …

Tempers Rising: The Effect Of Heat On Spite, Jake C. Cosgrove

Master's Theses

The relationship between heat and harmful outcomes is well documented, with research connecting various adverse economic outcomes to the climate. In the presence of increasing global warming and climate change, understanding why the climate leads to negative economic outcomes is essential for forming peaceful institutions of the future. We study how behavioral economic outcomes change in the presence of heat through a lab experiment involving 1,110 observations conducted in five different countries. This paper specifically focuses on the social preference outcome of spite. We find that increased time exposure to the treatment effect of heat is required to elicit an …

Final Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) 2021 Unreclaimed Sites Sampling – Ur-30 Site Evaluation Summary Report., Pioneer Technical Services, Inc.

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Residential Metals Abatement Program Investigation Summary Report (Non-Residential Parcels – Indoor Dust) - Aware Early Head Start, Environmental Resource Management (Erm)

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Effective Nanomembranes From Chitosan/Pva Blend Decorated Graphene Oxide With Gum Rosin And Silver Nanoparticles For Removal Of Heavy Metals And Microbes From Water Resources, Mohamed Morsy

Nanotechnology Research Centre

No abstract provided.

An Ode Model For Investigating The Sleep-Pain Relationship In Sickle Cell Disease, Quindel Jones, Angela M. Reynolds, Cecelia Valrie, Reginald Mcgee, Rebecca Segal

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Understanding Neutrophil Dynamics During Covid-19 Infection, Quiyana M. Murphy

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.

Mathematical Modeling Of Immune Response To Sars-Cov-2, Hwayeon Ryu

Biology and Medicine Through Mathematics Conference

No abstract provided.