Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

(R2030) Generalized Quasilinearization Method For A Initial Value Problem On Time Scales, Şahap Çetin, Yalçın Yılmaz, Coşkun Yakar

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

We have investigated that the generalized quasilinearization method under some convenient conditions for nonlinear initial value problem (IVP) of dynamic equation on time scale constructed by monotone sequences of function by using comparison theorem that is the solution of linear IVP of dynamic equation on time scale which converge uniformly and monotonically to the unique solution of the original problem, and the convergence is quadratic.

(R2050) Dual Quaternion Matrices And Matlab Applications, Kemal Gökhan Nalbant, Salim Yüce

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

There are many studies in the literature on real quaternions and real quaternion matrices. There are few studies in the literature on dual quaternions. Definitions of the matrices of dual quaternions used in this study will be given. The originality of our research, the set of dual quaternion matrix we studied, will be defined for the first time in this study, and its properties will be given. Moreover, this study is critical because it is an applied study related to dual quaternion matrices. It will be easier to solve examples with large matrix sizes with MATLAB. People who use different …

Apatite Reference Materials For Sims Microanalysis Of Isotopes And Trace Elements, James L. Crowley, Mark Schmitz

Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Twelve apatite samples have been tested as secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) reference materials. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analysis shows that the SLAP, NUAN and GR40 apatite gems are internally homogeneous, with most trace element mass fractions having 2 standard deviations (2s) ≤ 2.0%. BR2, BR5, OL2, AFG2 and AFB1, which have U > 63 μg g^-1, ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb > 283, and homogeneous SIMS U-Pb data, have respective isotope dilution thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) ages of 2053.83 ± 0.21 Ma, 2040.34 ± 0.09 Ma, 868.87 ± 0.25 Ma, 478.71 ± 0.22 Ma and …

Exploring The Mass To Light Ratio Of Massive Galaxies With The Rubin Dp0 Preview Dataset, Denvir Joy Higgins

Physics

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory will perform the 10-year long Legacy Survey of Space and Time expected to begin in 2024. LSST will cover the Southern Hemisphere, collecting over two million images with an 8.4-meter telescope and 3200-pixel camera. In collaboration with the scientific community and based on the Outer Rim Simulation \citep{heit19}, the Rubin Observatory released a simulated dataset (DP0) of the data that is expected to be in hand at the 5-year mark. Using this simulated dataset, I have explored the number and luminosity of the most massive local galaxies. Using a sample of the brightest, closest galaxies …

Engaging Students With High-Stakes Problems, Deepak Basyal

Mathematics and Statistics

Engaging students in meaningful mathematics problem-solving is the intention of many education stakeholders around the world. Research suggests that the implementation of high-stakes problems in mathematics teaching is one way to strengthen students’ conceptual understanding. Many carefully crafted open-ended problems constitute high-stakes problems, and proper use of such problems in teaching and learning not only encourages learners’ flexible thinking but also helps detect their misconceptions. However, what is less practiced and understood is: how exactly one should aim to implement such problems in a classroom setting. Teaching pre-service middle school teachers for a few years using high-stakes (mostly open-ended problems) …

Western Kentucky University Stormwater Utility Survey 2023, Warren Campbell, Emily G. Davis

SEAS Faculty Publications

The main goal of this survey is to identify as many U.S. Stormwater Utilities (SWUs) as possible. Because many stormwater professionals do not have the time to respond to questionnaires, our primary method of identification was Internet searches. We searched key terms such as “stormwater utility”, “stormwater fee”, and “drainage fee”. We scoured online municipal codes such as Municode, AmLegal, Sterling, LexisNexis, General Code, and others. We searched through many city web websitesing to find utilities. We have also had many people contact me to update fees and identify new utilities. However, the data primarily comes from Internet sources and …

Assessing Boil Water Notices As Health-Risk Communication: Risk Perceptions, Efficacy, And Compliance During Winter Storm Uri, Ashleigh M. Day, Sydney O'Shay, Khairul Islam, Matthew W. Seeger, Shawn P. Mcelmurry

Open Data at Wayne State

Winter Storm Uri was an extreme disaster that impacted much of the United States during February of 2021. Texas and Oklahoma were generally not prepared for such an event and experienced massive power grid failures. This led to cascading risks including water system disruptions and many boil water notices (BWNs). The breakdown of some communication channels and the inability to enact protective actions due to power outages, as well as travel limitations on public roads, complicated both dissemination and implementation. Under these conditions, a non-representative, cross-sectional, survey was collected to assess individuals experience BWNs and how perceived efficacy impacts compliance. …

Corn Cob And Corn Husk Biochars Enhance The Growth Of Corn (Zea Mays L.) In Fertilized Clay Loam Soil, Arsenio D. Bulfa Jr, Gina Villegas Pangga, Amparo M. Wagan

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Biochar is a carbon (C) rich material that improves soil quality, increases crop yield, and is produced from biomass pyrolysis under a limited oxygen environment. An experiment laid out in a split-plot, a completely randomized design (CRD) and was conducted to investigate the growth responses of corn-to-corn cob biochar (CCB) (15 t ha^-1), and corn husk biochar (CHB) (15 t ha^-1) in a Lipa clay loam soil (Typic Eutrudepts) applied with organic fertilizer (OF) (10 t ha^-1) and inorganic fertilizer [recommended rate (RR):120 N;60 P₂O₅-60; K₂O …

Dry Matter Production Of Two Rice Cultivars With Contrasting Root Plasticity Expression Under Different Topographic Conditions Subjected To Soil Moisture Fluctuation, Stella Owusu Nketia, Roel Rodriguez Suralta, Yoshiaka Inukai, Shiro Mitsuya, Mana Kano Nakata, Peter Amoako Ofori, Dinh Thi Ngoc Nguyen, Akira Yamauchi

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

In rainfed lowland rice fields characterized by sloping terrains and the presence of a hardpan in a flat topography, plants are often exposed to soil moisture fluctuation (SMF) stress due to erratic rainfall patterns. Root plasticity is one of the key traits that play important roles in plant adaptation under such conditions. In this study, two contrasting genotypes, KDML105 and IRAT109, were examined to quantify the expression of plasticity in root branching at different positions in the toposequence (TP) and in a flat topography with a hardpan, both without a groundwater table, and subjected to SMF. Results showed that KDML105 …

Natural And Anthropogenic Factors Affecting The Development Of Two Highland Agricultural Soils Of Bukidnon, Philippines, Guadalupe D. Calalang, Laurent Bock, Gilles Colinet, Vincent Hallet, Peter Walpole

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

This research was conducted in two highland areas of Bukidnon, Philippines: Miarayon, a sub-catchment of the upper Cagayan de Oro River; and Bendum, a sub-catchment of the upper Pulangui River. Due to their pyroclastic parent rock materials, soils in the upper Cagayan de Oro are classified as Andic Cambisol in open and convex positions, and Andic Umbrisol in concave and depressed positions. Soils in the upper Pulangui are classified as Pisoplinthic Acrisol, Ferralic Nitisol, and Acric Nitisol in areas with ultramafic rock parent materials, and Haplic Cambisol with pyroclastic deposits. Element contents in rocks were congruent to the total soil …

Finite Element Analysis Of A Coconut (Cocos Nucifera L.) Climbing Mechanism, Arjay O. Afan, Omar F. Zubia, Adrian A. Borja, Ralph Kristoffer B. Gallegos

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

A coconut climber mechanism was subjected to Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to improve its overall design and analyze its strength characteristics. The von Mises stress, total deformation, and factor of safety were evaluated using static structural analysis for the seat and pedal assemblies of the mechanism. The design has a minimum yielding factor of safety of 7.03 for the seat assembly and 12.09 for the pedal assembly. If aluminum is used as an alternative to steel, the prototype's weight can be reduced to at least 64.56% without compromising its strength properties. The weight reduction by using aluminum is expected to …

Apex Calculus: Und Edition (June 2023), Gregory Hartman, Department Of Mathematics, University Of North Dakota

Open Educational Resources

This text comprises a three–volume series on Calculus. The first part covers material taught in many “Calculus 1” courses: limits, derivatives, and the basics of integration, found in Chapters 1 through 6. The second text covers material often taught in “Calculus 2”: integration and its applications, along with an introduction to sequences, series and Taylor Polynomials, found in Chapters 7 through 10. The third text covers topics common in “Calculus 3” or “Multivariable Calculus”: parametric equations, polar coordinates, vector–valued functions, and functions of more than one variable, found in Chapters 11 through 15. All three are available separately for free. …

A Spectral Classification Of Solvable Lie Algebras, Michael Matthew Muller

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

For a finite dimensional Lie algebra with basis {X1, ..., Xn} wedefine the characteristic polynomial with respect to the adjoint representation using matrix representatives as det (z0*I + z1*ad X1 + ... + zn*ad Xn). Spectral equivalence is defined and used in a new method to classify low dimensional complex solvable Lie algebras. The characteristic polynomial of so-called graphical Lie algebras is also computed.

Avoiding Starvation Of Arms In Restless Multi-Armed Bandit, Dexun Li, Pradeep Varakantham

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Restless multi-armed bandits (RMAB) is a popular framework for optimizing performance with limited resources under uncertainty. It is an extremely useful model for monitoring beneficiaries (arms) and executing timely interventions using health workers (limited resources) to ensure optimal benefit in public health settings. For instance, RMAB has been used to track patients’ health and monitor their adherence in tuberculosis settings, ensure pregnant mothers listen to automated calls about good pregnancy practices, etc. Due to the limited resources, typically certain individuals, communities, or regions are starved of interventions, which can potentially have a significant negative impact on the individual/community in the …

Failure Distributions For Parallel Dependent Identical Weibull Components, Gina S. Sigler

Theses and Dissertations

For a parallel system, when one component fails, the failure distribution of the remaining components will have an increased failure rate. This dissertation takes a novel approach to finding the associated failure distribution of the full system using ordinal statistic distributions for correlated Weibull components, allowing for unknown correlations between the dependent components. A Taylor series approximation is presented for the two component; system failure time distributions are also derived for two failures in a two component system, two failures in an n component system, three failures in a three component system, and k failures in an n component system. …

Quantitative Modeling Of Text-Based Intelligence Source Uncertainty, Adam D. Nesmith

Theses and Dissertations

An all-source intelligence analyst’s primary job is delivering timely, well-sourced assessments on relevant targets based on uncertain and incomplete information. Each assessment includes a likelihood that the assessment is true, and a confidence level based on the uncertainty of the sources used. Quantitative all-source intelligence analysis is not widely implemented despite the acknowledged limitations of qualitative intelligence assessments and the existence of proposed quantitative methods. This is due to the challenge of quantitatively representing uncertainty in text-based intelligence reporting (i.e., HUMINT, OSINT, SIGINT), which limits the effectiveness and usability of previously suggested methods. This research creates a novel framework for …

Non-Degenerate Two-Photon Absorption And Excited State Line Shapes In Alkali Vapors, Timothy M. True

Theses and Dissertations

The rubidium 5S-5D two-photon transitions were probed between 758-798 nm, where a six order of magnitude change in the cross section was observed and the polarization dependence was seen explicitly. Collisional rates are measured in cesium on the 6P-9S and 5D-10F transitions, with broadening rates as large as 710 MHz/Torr and shifting rates as large as 273 MHz/Torr. We observe Stark broadening on the cesium 5D-10F line shape, with Lorentzian width increasing from 200 MHz to 40 GHz. The influence of electron impact is discussed under these conditions and with 0-20 Torr of helium. Cascade amplified spontaneous emission is seen …

Patient Movement Monitoring Based On Imu And Deep Learning, Mohsen Sharifi Renani

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the leading cause of disability among the aging population in the United States and is frequently treated by replacing deteriorated joints with metal and plastic components. Developing better quantitative measures of movement quality to track patients longitudinally in their own homes would enable personalized treatment plans and hasten the advancement of promising new interventions. Wearable sensors and machine learning used to quantify patient movement could revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of movement disorders. The purpose of this dissertation was to overcome technical challenges associated with the use of wearable sensors, specifically Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), as a …

Novel Approach For Non-Invasive Prediction Of Body Shape And Habitus, Emma Young

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

While marker-based motion capture remains the gold standard in measuring human movement, accuracy is influenced by soft-tissue artifacts, particularly for subjects with high body mass index (BMI) where markers are not placed close to the underlying bone. Obesity influences joint loads and motion patterns, and BMI may not be sufficient to capture the distribution of a subject’s weight or to differentiate differences between subjects. Subjects in need of a joint replacement are more likely to have mobility issues or pain, which prevents exercise. Obesity also increases the likelihood of needing a total joint replacement. Accurate movement data for subjects with …

Modeling Potential Damages Of Hurricanes At The Facility Scale: A Case Study Of Eglin Air Force Base, Alexander J. Baldwin, Christopher M. Chini, Steven J. Schuldt, Justin D. Delorit

Faculty Publications

Tropical cyclones have intensified and are expected to strengthen throughout the 21st century due to climate change impacts. Storm intensification poses a serious threat to coastal municipalities and infrastructure that are not designed to withstand future wind and storm surge potential. Coupled modeling software has been widely used to replicate extreme weather events and simulate climate change effects to understand the magnitude of vulnerability coastal regions face. However, these studies are often conducted at too coarse resolutions to provide decision makers with actionable information for facility-level adaptation. This study addresses this limitation using a coupled modeling approach by simulating climate-intensified …

Jones Polynomial Obstructions For Positivity Of Knots, Lizzie Buchanan

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

The fundamental problem in knot theory is distinguishing one knot from another. We accomplish this by looking at knot invariants. One such invariant is positivity. A knot is positive if it has a diagram in which all crossings are positive. A knot is almost-positive if it does not have a diagram where all crossings are positive, but it does have a diagram in which all but one crossings are positive. Given a knot with an almost-positive diagram, it is in general very hard to determine whether it might also have a positive diagram. This work provides positivity obstructions for three …

Biogeography Of The Theileriosis Vector, Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus Under Current And Future Climate Scenarios Of Zimbabwe, Tinotenda M. Nemaungwe, Ellie M.S.P. Van Dalen, Emily O. Waniwa, Pious V. Makaya, Gerald Chikowore, Frank Chidawanyika

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Climate directly influences the epidemiology of vector-borne diseases at various spatial and temporal scales. Following the recent increased incidences of theileriosis in Zimbabwe, a disease mainly transmitted by Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, we determined lethal temperatures for the species and current and possible future distribution using the machine learning algorithm ‘Maxent’. Rhipicephalus appendiculatus larvae had an upper lethal temperature (ULT50) of about 44 ± 0.5 °C and this was marginally higher for nymphs and adults at 46 ± 0.5 °C. Environmental temperatures recorded in selected zonal tick microhabitats were below the determined lethal limits, indicating the ability of the tick to survive …

A Monte-Carlo Simulation Of Gamma Rays In A Sodium Iodide Detector, Ben Kessler

Physics

Gamma rays principally interact with matter through Compton scattering, photoelectric effect, pair production, and triplet production. The focus of this simulation is to study the theoretical energy spectrum created by gamma rays from a Cesium-137 source, which produces gamma photons with an energy of 0.662 MeV. At this energy level, most interactions are results of Compton scatters and the photoelectric effect. Therefore, this simulation only models those two effects on gamma rays. Using Monte Carlo methods and the Metropolis algorithm to sample the probability distributions of the two effects allowed for the simulation of gamma rays in a Sodium Iodide …

Metals And Metal Complexes In Diseases With A Focus On Covid-19: Facts And Opinions, Agnieszka Ścibior, Manuel Aureliano, Alvin A. Holder, Juan Llopis

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

In the present Special Issue on “Metals and Metal Complexes in Diseases with a Focus on COVID-19: Facts and Opinions”, an attempt has been made to include reports updating our knowledge of elements considered to be potential candidates for therapeutic applications and certain metal-containing species, which are extensively being examined towards their potential biomedical use due to their specific physicochemical properties. The Special Issue compiles data on the role of metals in COVID-19 and focuses on other illnesses and biological processes that affect metal metabolism. It consists of eight manuscripts, including five review articles and three original research papers (Figure …

Nourishing The Future: Research On Building Sustainable Food Systems For A Resilient And Healthy Santa Clara, Ayla Flanagan

Silicon Valley Power Sustainable Futures Program

The city of Santa Clara faces challenges related to food insecurity and limited access to resources. The high cost of living in Silicon Valley contributes to financial strain for many residents, with a significant portion of households falling between the federal poverty line and the self-sufficiency index. The city currently relies on food pantries and limited free food resources to address food security issues. Santa Clara's Climate Action Plan includes goals to reduce food waste and rescue edible food as part of its efforts to promote sustainability through 2045. Implementing Senate Bill 1383, which aims to reduce organic waste and …

Learning Finite Mixture Of Ising Graphical Models, Chong Gu

Dissertations

The Ising model is valuable in examining complex interactions within a system, but its estimation is challenging. In this work, we proposed penalized likelihood procedures to infer conditional dependence structure when observed data come from heterogeneous resources in high-dimensional setting. The proposed method can be efficiently implemented by taking advantage of coordinate-ascent, minorization–maximization principles and EM algorithm. A BIC-type criterion will be utilized for the selection of the tuning parameter in the penalized likelihood approaches. The effectiveness of the proposed method is supported by simulation studies and a real-world example.

Functional Generalized Linear Mixed Models, Harmony Luce

Dissertations

With the advancements in data collection technologies, researchers in various fields such as epidemiology, chemometrics, and environmental science face the challenges of obtaining useful information from more detailed, complex, and intricately-structured data. Since the existing methods often are not suitable for such data, new statistical methods are developed to accommodate the complicated data structures.

As a part of such efforts, this dissertation proposes Functional Generalized Linear Mixed Model (FGLMM), which extends classical generalized linear mixed models to include functional covariates. Functional Data Analysis (FDA) is a rapidly developing area of statistics for data which can be naturally viewed as smooth …

Nonparametric Tests For Replicated Latin Squares, Joseph Yang

Dissertations

Two classes of nonparametric procedures for a replicated Latin square design that test for both general and increasing alternatives are developed. The two classes of procedures are similar in the sense that both transform the data so that existing well-known tests for randomized complete block designs can be utilized. On the other hand, the two classes differ in the way that the data is transformed - one class essentially aggregates the data while the other class aligns the data. Within these contexts, the exact distributions and asymptotic distributions are discussed, when applicable. The exact distributions are easily computed using the …

Population Modeling With Machine Learning Can Enhance Measures Of Mental Health - Open-Data Replication, Ty Easley, Ruiqi Chen, Kayla Hannon, Rosie Dutt, Janine Bijsterbosch

Statistical and Data Sciences: Faculty Publications

Efforts to predict trait phenotypes based on functional MRI data from large cohorts have been hampered by low prediction accuracy and/or small effect sizes. Although these findings are highly replicable, the small effect sizes are somewhat surprising given the presumed brain basis of phenotypic traits such as neuroticism and fluid intelligence. We aim to replicate previous work and additionally test multiple data manipulations that may improve prediction accuracy by addressing data pollution challenges. Specifically, we added additional fMRI features, averaged the target phenotype across multiple measurements to obtain more accurate estimates of the underlying trait, balanced the target phenotype's distribution …

Evaluating The Performance Of Estimators In Sem And Irt With Ordinal Variables, Bo Klauth

Dissertations

In conducting confirmatory factor analysis with ordered response items, the literature suggests that when the number of responses is five and item skewness (IS) is approximately normal, researchers can employ maximum likelihood with robust standard errors (MLR). However, MLR can yield biased factor loadings (FL) and FL standard errors (FLSE) when the variables are ordinal. Other estimators are available. Unweighted least squares and weighted least squares with adjusted mean and variance (ULSMV and WLSMV) are known as the estimators for CFA with ordinal variables (CFA-OV). Another estimator, marginal maximum likelihood (MML), is used in the item response theory (IRT), specifically …