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Articles 40651 - 40680 of 294391

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Why Resilient Modulus Is Proportional To The Square Root Of Unconfined Compressive Strength (Ucs): A Qualitative Explanation, Edgar Daniel Rodriguez Velasquez, Vladik Kreinovich Jul 2023

Why Resilient Modulus Is Proportional To The Square Root Of Unconfined Compressive Strength (Ucs): A Qualitative Explanation, Edgar Daniel Rodriguez Velasquez, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

The strength of the pavement is determine by its resilient modulus, i.e., by its ability to withstand (practically) instantaneous stresses caused by the passing traffic. However, the resilient modulus is not easy to measure: its measurement requires a special expensive equipment that many labs do not have. So, instead of measuring it, practitioners often measure easier-to-measure Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) -- that describes the effect of a continuously applied force -- and estimate the resilient modulus based on the result of this measurement. An empirical formula shows that the resilient modulus is proportional to the square root of the Unconfined …

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How To Estimate Unknown Unknowns: From Cosmic Light To Election Polls, Talha Azfar, Vignesh Ponraj, Vladik Kreinovich, Nguyen Hoang Phuong Jul 2023

How To Estimate Unknown Unknowns: From Cosmic Light To Election Polls, Talha Azfar, Vignesh Ponraj, Vladik Kreinovich, Nguyen Hoang Phuong

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

In two different areas of research -- in the study of space light and in the study of voting -- the observed value of the quantity of interest is twice larger than what we would expect. That the observed value is larger makes perfect sense: there are phenomena that we do not take into account in our estimations. However, the fact that the observed value is exactly twice larger deserves explanation. In this paper, we show that Laplace Indeterminacy Principle leads to such an explanation.

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Long Island Sound Reef Gis Data, Robert M. Cerrato, Matthew Sclafani Jul 2023

Long Island Sound Reef Gis Data, Robert M. Cerrato, Matthew Sclafani

SoMAS Research Data

High-resolution backscatter and bathymetric maps created by multibeam sonar surveys were used to identify different seafloor bottom types within existing, potentially expanded, and newly proposed reef areas in New York waters. Existing sites included Smithtown in Long Island Sound (LIS), and Rockaway, Atlantic Beach, Hempstead, Yellowbar, Kismet, Fire Island, Twelve Mile along the South Shore. Potential expansions are proposed on the South Shore for McAllister, Moriches, and Shinnecock reefs in addition to a new site called Sixteen Fathom. In Long Island Sound, new sites are proposed for Huntington/Oyster Bay, Port Jefferson/Mount Sinai, and Mattituck. Grab samples were collected within these …

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Tuning Oxo Formation Energies Using Spectator Ligands In The Mil-100 Metal Organic Framework, Victoria E. Lee, Stephen P. Vicchio, Rachel B. Getman Jul 2023

Tuning Oxo Formation Energies Using Spectator Ligands In The Mil-100 Metal Organic Framework, Victoria E. Lee, Stephen P. Vicchio, Rachel B. Getman

Chemistry Summer Research Program

No abstract provided.

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Effects Of Low-Energy X-Rays And Uv Radiation On Fibroblast Cells, Michelle Gorodisky, Congyue Peng, Arianna Csiszer, Delphine Dean Jul 2023

Effects Of Low-Energy X-Rays And Uv Radiation On Fibroblast Cells, Michelle Gorodisky, Congyue Peng, Arianna Csiszer, Delphine Dean

Chemistry Summer Research Program

No abstract provided.

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Identification Of Dialect For Eastern And Southwestern Ojibwe Words Using A Small Corpus, Kalvin Hartwig, Evan Lucas, Timothy C. Havens Jul 2023

Identification Of Dialect For Eastern And Southwestern Ojibwe Words Using A Small Corpus, Kalvin Hartwig, Evan Lucas, Timothy C. Havens

Michigan Tech Publications

The Ojibwe language has several dialects that vary to some degree in both spoken and written form. We present a method of using support vector machines to classify two different dialects (Eastern and Southwestern Ojibwe) using a very small corpus of text. Classification accuracy at the sentence level is 90% across a five-fold cross validation and 72% when the sentence-trained model is applied to a data set of individual words. Our code and the word level data set are released openly at https://github.com/evanperson/OjibweDialect.

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Lagrange’S Proof Of Wilson’S Theorem—And More!, Carl Lienert Jul 2023

Lagrange’S Proof Of Wilson’S Theorem—And More!, Carl Lienert

Number Theory

No abstract provided.

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Lagrange’S Proof Of The Converse Of Wilson’S Theorem, Carl Lienert Jul 2023

Lagrange’S Proof Of The Converse Of Wilson’S Theorem, Carl Lienert

Number Theory

No abstract provided.

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Lagrange’S Alternate Proof Of Wilson’S Theorem, Carl Lienert Jul 2023

Lagrange’S Alternate Proof Of Wilson’S Theorem, Carl Lienert

Number Theory

No abstract provided.

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Reef Benthic Fauna And Sediment Characterization, Robert M. Cerrato, Matthew Sclafani Jul 2023

Reef Benthic Fauna And Sediment Characterization, Robert M. Cerrato, Matthew Sclafani

School of Marine & Atmospheric Sciences Faculty Publications

High-resolution backscatter and bathymetric maps created by multibeam sonar surveys were used to identify different seafloor bottom types within existing, potentially expanded, and newly proposed reef areas in New York waters. Existing sites included Smithtown in Long Island Sound (LIS), and Rockaway, Atlantic Beach, Hempstead, Yellowbar, Kismet, Fire Island, Twelve Mile along the South Shore. Potential expansions are proposed on the South Shore for McAllister, Moriches, and Shinnecock reefs in addition to a new site called Sixteen Fathom. In Long Island Sound, new sites are proposed for Huntington/Oyster Bay, Port Jefferson/Mount Sinai, and Mattituck. Grab samples were collected within these …

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Toi-2498 B: A Hot Bloated Super-Neptune Within The Neptune Desert, G. Frame, D. J. Armstrong, H. M. Cegla, J. Fernández Fernández, A. Osborn, V. Adibekyan, K. A. Collins, E. Delgado Mena, S. Giacalone, J. F. Kielkopf, N. C. Santos, S. G. Sousa, K. G. Stassun, C. Ziegler, D. R. Anderson, S. C. C. Barros, D. Bayliss, C. Briceño, D. M. Conti, C. D. Dressing, X. Dumusque, P. Figueira, W. Fong, S. Gill, F. Hawthorn, J. M. Jenkins, Eric L.N. Jensen, M. A. F. Keniger, D. W. Latham, N. Law, J. J. Lissauer, A. W. Mann, L. D. Nielsen, H. Osborn, M. Paegert, S. Seager, R. P. Schwarz, A. Shporer, G. Srdoc, P. A. Strøm, J. N. Winn, P. J. Wheatley Jul 2023

Toi-2498 B: A Hot Bloated Super-Neptune Within The Neptune Desert, G. Frame, D. J. Armstrong, H. M. Cegla, J. Fernández Fernández, A. Osborn, V. Adibekyan, K. A. Collins, E. Delgado Mena, S. Giacalone, J. F. Kielkopf, N. C. Santos, S. G. Sousa, K. G. Stassun, C. Ziegler, D. R. Anderson, S. C. C. Barros, D. Bayliss, C. Briceño, D. M. Conti, C. D. Dressing, X. Dumusque, P. Figueira, W. Fong, S. Gill, F. Hawthorn, J. M. Jenkins, Eric L.N. Jensen, M. A. F. Keniger, D. W. Latham, N. Law, J. J. Lissauer, A. W. Mann, L. D. Nielsen, H. Osborn, M. Paegert, S. Seager, R. P. Schwarz, A. Shporer, G. Srdoc, P. A. Strøm, J. N. Winn, P. J. Wheatley

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Works

We present the discovery and confirmation of a transiting hot bloated super-Neptune using photometry from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope (LCOGT) and radial velocity measurements from the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS). The host star TOI-2498 is a V = 11.2, G-type (Teff = 5905 ± 12 K) solar-like star with a mass of 1.12 ± 0.02 M⊙ and a radius of 1.26 ± 0.04 R⊙. The planet, TOI-2498 b, orbits the star with a period of 3.7 d, has a radius of …

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The Effect Of Sustainability Information Disclosure On The Cost Of Equity Capital: An Empirical Analysis Based On Gartner Top 50 Supply Chain Rankings, Lingyu Li, Xianrong Zheng, Shuxi Wang Jul 2023

The Effect Of Sustainability Information Disclosure On The Cost Of Equity Capital: An Empirical Analysis Based On Gartner Top 50 Supply Chain Rankings, Lingyu Li, Xianrong Zheng, Shuxi Wang

Information Technology & Decision Sciences Faculty Publications

While disclosing financial information has been widely proved to reduce the financing cost of a company, the impact of non-financial information, such as sustainability information, disclosing on the financing cost of the company is still in debate. The goal of this paper is to explore the impact of disclosing sustainability-related information on the cost of equity for firms. The paper first introduces the concept of sustainability information disclosure, and then exhibits its benefit through exploring its impact on reducing a firm’s financing cost. It uses the Gartner supply chain top 50 rankings to construct the experiment environment to test for …

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Successes In Antiviral Drug Discovery: A Tribute To Nick Meanwell, David P. Rotella Jul 2023

Successes In Antiviral Drug Discovery: A Tribute To Nick Meanwell, David P. Rotella

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Drug discovery is a difficult task, and is even more challenging when the target evolves during therapy. Antiviral drug therapy is an excellent example, exemplified by the evolution of therapeutic approaches for treatment of hepatitis C and HIV-1. Nick Meanwell and his colleagues made important contributions leading to molecules for treatment of hepatitis C and HIV-1, each with distinct mechanisms of action. This review summarizes the discovery and impact of these drugs, and will highlight, where applicable, the broader contributions of these discoveries to medicinal chemistry and drug discovery.

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Dynamics Of Ionizable Polymers In Ionic Liquid (Il) Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Sophie Ntipouna, Hayden Sasko, Shalika D. K. Meedin, Dvora Perahia Jul 2023

Dynamics Of Ionizable Polymers In Ionic Liquid (Il) Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Sophie Ntipouna, Hayden Sasko, Shalika D. K. Meedin, Dvora Perahia

Chemistry Summer Research Program

No abstract provided.

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Halogen Bonding In Nitrogen And Iodine Compounds To Form Novel Cocrystals, Dahlia Griffin, Ann Jiang, Colin D. Mcmillen, William T. Pennington Jul 2023

Halogen Bonding In Nitrogen And Iodine Compounds To Form Novel Cocrystals, Dahlia Griffin, Ann Jiang, Colin D. Mcmillen, William T. Pennington

Chemistry Summer Research Program

No abstract provided.

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May Graduation, Samuel Coskey Jul 2023

May Graduation, Samuel Coskey

Mathematics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Here I narrate the story of the last few days of my graduate program in mathematics. After the completion of the thesis and the delivery of the defense, several twists and turns await in the hours and even minutes before the last deadline.

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How To Combine Probabilistic And Fuzzy Uncertainty: Theoretical Explanation Of Clustering-Related Empirical Result, Lázló Szilágyi, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich Jul 2023

How To Combine Probabilistic And Fuzzy Uncertainty: Theoretical Explanation Of Clustering-Related Empirical Result, Lázló Szilágyi, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

In contrast to crisp clustering techniques that assign each object to a class, fuzzy clustering algorithms assign, to each object and to each class, a degree to which this object belongs to this class. In the most widely used fuzzy clustering algorithm -- fuzzy c-means -- for each object, degrees corresponding to different classes add up to 1. From this viewpoint, these degrees act as probabilities. There exist alternative fuzzy-based clustering techniques in which, in line with the general idea of the fuzzy set, the largest of the degrees is equal to 1. In some practical situations, the probability-type fuzzy …

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Fuzzy Techniques Explain The Effectiveness Of Relu Activation Function In Deep Learning, Julio C. Urenda, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich Jul 2023

Fuzzy Techniques Explain The Effectiveness Of Relu Activation Function In Deep Learning, Julio C. Urenda, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

In the last decades, deep learning has led to spectacular successes. One of the reasons for these successes was the fact that deep neural networks use a special Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) activation function s(x) = max(0,x). Why this activation function is so successful is largely a mystery. In this paper, we show that common sense ideas -- as formalized by fuzzy logic -- can explain this mysterious effectiveness.

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Why 6-Labels Uncertainty Scale In Geosciences: Probability-Based Explanation, Aaron Velasco, Julio C. Urenda, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich Jul 2023

Why 6-Labels Uncertainty Scale In Geosciences: Probability-Based Explanation, Aaron Velasco, Julio C. Urenda, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

To describe uncertainty in geosciences, several researchers have recently proposed a 6-labels uncertainty scale, in which one the labels corresponds to full certainty, one label to the absence of any knowledge, and the remaining four labels correspond to the degrees of confidence from the intervals [0,0.25], [0.25,0.5], [0.5,0.75], and [0.75,1]. Tests of this 6-labels scale indicate that it indeed conveys uncertainty information to geoscientists much more effectively than previously proposed uncertainty schemes. In this paper, we use probability-related techniques to explain this effectiveness.

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Complex Numbers Explain Why In Chinese Tradition, 4 Is Bad But 8 Is Good, Luc Longpre, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich Jul 2023

Complex Numbers Explain Why In Chinese Tradition, 4 Is Bad But 8 Is Good, Luc Longpre, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

In the traditional Chinese culture, 4 is considered to be an unlucky number, while the number 8 is considered to be very lucky. In this paper, we show that both "badness" and "goodness" can be explained if we take into account the role of complex numbers in the analysis of general dynamical systems.

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Why Bump Reward Function Works Well In Training Insulin Delivery Systems, Lehel Dénes-Fazakas, Lásló Szilágyi, Gyorgy Eigner, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich, Nguyen Hoang Phuong Jul 2023

Why Bump Reward Function Works Well In Training Insulin Delivery Systems, Lehel Dénes-Fazakas, Lásló Szilágyi, Gyorgy Eigner, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich, Nguyen Hoang Phuong

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Diabetes is a disease when the body can no longer properly regulate blood glucose level, which can lead to life-threatening situations. To avoid such situations and regulate blood glucose level, patients with severe form of diabetes need insulin injections. Ideally, the system should automatically decide when best to inject insulin and how much to inject. To find the optimal control, researchers applied machine learning with different reward functions. It turns out that the most effective learning occurred when they used the so-called bump function. In this paper, we provide a possible explanation for this empirical result.

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We Can Always Reduce A Non-Linear Dynamical System To Linear -- At Least Locally -- But Does It Help?, Orsolya Csiszar, Gábor Csiszar, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich, Nguyen Hoang Phuong Jul 2023

We Can Always Reduce A Non-Linear Dynamical System To Linear -- At Least Locally -- But Does It Help?, Orsolya Csiszar, Gábor Csiszar, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich, Nguyen Hoang Phuong

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Many real-life phenomena are described by dynamical systems. Sometimes, these dynamical systems are linear. For such systems, solutions are well known. In some cases, it is possible to transform a nonlinear system into a linear one by appropriately transforming its variables, and this helps to solve the original nonlinear system. For other nonlinear systems -- even for the simplest ones -- such transformation is not known. A natural question is: which nonlinear systems allow such transformations? In this paper, we show that we can always reduce a nonlinear system to a linear one -- but, in general, it does not …

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What Was More Frequently Used -- "And" Or "Or": Based On Analysis Of European Languages, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich Jul 2023

What Was More Frequently Used -- "And" Or "Or": Based On Analysis Of European Languages, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

Traditional logic has two main connectives: "and" and "or". A natural question is: which of the two is more frequently used? This question is easy to answer for the current usage of these connectives -- we can simply analyze all the texts, but what can we say about the past usage? To answer this question, we use the known linguistics fact that, in general, notions that are more frequently used are described by shorter words. It turns out that in most European languages, the word for "and" is shorter -- or of the same length -- as the word for …

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How To Propagate Interval (And Fuzzy) Uncertainty: Optimism-Pessimism Approach, Vinícius F. Wasques, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich Jul 2023

How To Propagate Interval (And Fuzzy) Uncertainty: Optimism-Pessimism Approach, Vinícius F. Wasques, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

In many practical situations, inputs to a data processing algorithm are known with interval uncertainty, and we need to propagate this uncertainty through the algorithm, i.e., estimate the uncertainty of the result of data processing. Traditional interval computation techniques provide guaranteed estimates, but from the practical viewpoint, these bounds are too pessimistic: they take into account highly improbable worst-case situations when all the measurement and estimation errors happen to be strongly correlated. In this paper, we show that a natural idea of having more realistic estimates leads to the use of so-called interactive addition of intervals, techniques that has already …

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Incidence And Laplacian Matrices Of Wheel Graphs And Their Inverses, Jerad Ipsen, Sudipta Mallik Jul 2023

Incidence And Laplacian Matrices Of Wheel Graphs And Their Inverses, Jerad Ipsen, Sudipta Mallik

Mathematics Faculty Research

It has been an open problem to find the Moore-Penrose inverses of the incidence, Laplacian, and signless Laplacian matrices of families of graphs except trees and unicyclic graphs. Since the inverse formulas for an odd unicyclic graph and an even unicyclic graph are quite different, we consider wheel graphs as they are formed from odd or even cycles. In this article we solve the open problem for wheel graphs. This work has an interesting connection to inverses of circulant matrices.

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Gouldian Finch Monitoring: Foraging Activity And Grass Phenology - Goomig Project 2022 To 2023, J Graff Jul 2023

Gouldian Finch Monitoring: Foraging Activity And Grass Phenology - Goomig Project 2022 To 2023, J Graff

Irrigated Agricultural Development in the North

The Goomig Project (Weaber Plains Development Project) is an irrigated agricultural development located approximately 30 km north of Kununurra, which involves clearing of approximately 9,260 ha of vegetation for agriculture. Approximately 11,470 ha of native vegetation surrounding, or remaining between, the cleared areas is designated as a buffer area (the study area) to be managed to protect surrounding conservation reserves and watercourses (Strategen 2014). Monitoring of Gouldian Finch wet season foraging activity and phenology and productivity of grasses important for foraging in the buffer area during ongoing operation are required as conditions of the approval for the project, and is …

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Meet Me In The Middle: A Scoping Review On Understanding Adolescent Needs In Climate Communication, Gwendolyn Monica Hoff Anderson Jul 2023

Meet Me In The Middle: A Scoping Review On Understanding Adolescent Needs In Climate Communication, Gwendolyn Monica Hoff Anderson

Master's Projects and Capstones

The greatest effects of climate change are likely to be felt by youth. Young people are disproportionately affected by climate change due to their critical developmental stage and lack of power, and they experience both higher severity and prevalence of mental health issues related to climate change. Strong emotions have long been recognized as potential catalysts for action, or they may lead to paralyzing feelings of being overwhelmed. Climate communication is a critical tool to spark climate concern and encourage action. Activism, in turn, may help youth manage their anxiety about climate change. This scoping review examines emerging evidence on …

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Long-Term Monitoring Of Clodronate In Equine Hair Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Heather K. Knych, D. S. Mckemie, S. Yim, S. D. Stanley, R. M. Arthur Jul 2023

Long-Term Monitoring Of Clodronate In Equine Hair Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Heather K. Knych, D. S. Mckemie, S. Yim, S. D. Stanley, R. M. Arthur

UK CARES Faculty Publications

Given the potential for long-term inhibition of bone remodeling/healing and detrimental effects to horses in training, bisphosphonates are tightly regulated in horseracing. Hair has proven to be an effective matrix for detection of drug administration to horses and has been particularly effective in detecting drugs for a long period of time post administration. Thus, hair may prove to be a useful matrix for detection of administration of this class of drugs. The objective of the current study was to develop an assay and assess the usefulness of hair as a matrix for long-term detection of clodronate to horses. Seven horses …

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Interpolation Problems And The Characterization Of The Hilbert Function, Bryant Xie Jul 2023

Interpolation Problems And The Characterization Of The Hilbert Function, Bryant Xie

Mathematical Sciences Undergraduate Honors Theses

In mathematics, it is often useful to approximate the values of functions that are either too awkward and difficult to evaluate or not readily differentiable or integrable. To approximate its values, we attempt to replace such functions with more well-behaving examples such as polynomials or trigonometric functions. Over the algebraically closed field C, a polynomial passing through r distinct points with multiplicities m1, ..., mr on the affine complex line in one variable is determined by its zeros and the vanishing conditions up to its mi − 1 derivative for each point. A natural question would then be to consider …

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Variability In Consumption And End Uses Of Water For Residential Users, Camilo J. Bastidas Pacheco, Jeffery S. Horsburg, Attallah A. Nour Jul 2023

Variability In Consumption And End Uses Of Water For Residential Users, Camilo J. Bastidas Pacheco, Jeffery S. Horsburg, Attallah A. Nour

Outreach

Research Objective/Summary: In most large urban water systems in the US, the residential sector consumes the majority of total supplied fresh water. In a world plagued with increasing water scarcity and climate change stresses, understanding individual home water end-uses is vital to water management and conservation. We studied the end uses of water in residential homes, both indoor and outdoor to find patterns and variations in consumption over time. Results indicate a need for more efficient water fixtures, particularly toilets, and provide an opportunity to promote conservation behavior.

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