Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Forensic Investigation Of Small-Scale Digital Devices: A Futuristic View, Farkhund Iqbal, Aasia Jaffri, Zainab Khalid, Aine Macdermott, Qazi Ejaz Ali, Patrick C. K. Hung

All Works

Small-scale digital devices like smartphones, smart toys, drones, gaming consoles, tablets, and other personal data assistants have now become ingrained constituents in our daily lives. These devices store massive amounts of data related to individual traits of users, their routine operations, medical histories, and financial information. At the same time, with continuously evolving technology, the diversity in operating systems, client storage localities, remote/cloud storages and backups, and encryption practices renders the forensic analysis task multi-faceted. This makes forensic investigators having to deal with an array of novel challenges. This study reviews the forensic frameworks and procedures used in investigating small-scale …

Predictive Modeling Of Cave Entrance Locations: Relationships Between Surface And Subsurface Morphology, William Blitch, Adia R. Sovie, Benjamin W. Tobin

International Journal of Speleology

Cave entrances directly connect the surface and subsurface geomorphology in karst landscapes. Understanding the spatial distribution of these features can help identify areas on the landscape that are critical to flow in the karst groundwater system. Sinkholes and springs are major locations of inflow and outflow from the groundwater system, respectively, however not all sinkholes and springs are equally connected to the main conduit system. Predicting where on the landscape zones of high connectivity exist is a challenge because cave entrances are difficult to detect and imperfectly documented. Wildlife research has a similar issue of understanding the complexities of where …

An Introduction To The Algebra Revolution, Art Bardige

Numeracy

Bardige, Art. 2022. The Algebra Revolution: How Spreadsheets Eliminate Algebra 1 to Transform Education; (Bookbaby) 135 pp. UNSPSC 55111505.

The Algebra Revolution: How Spreadsheets Eliminate Algebra 1 to Transform Education argues that Algebra 1 can be eliminated by teaching mathematics through spreadsheets. Such a change would eliminate the greatest roadblock to student achievement.

Bite-Sized Quantitative Reasoning Essays: A Review Of Numbers Don’T Lie: 71 Stories To Help Us Understand The Modern World (2020), By Vaclav Smil, Samuel L. Tunstall

Numeracy

In Numbers Don’t Lie: 71 Stories to Help Us Understand the Modern World (2020), Vaclav Smil draws on his interdisciplinary background in science, public policy, and history to provide readers with 71 short essays that help us better understand aspects of the world–including its people, environment, energy consumption, and present crises (among other things). In most of his essays, Smil utilizes both data and reasoning with data to shed light on diverse topics, with issues ranging from happiness rankings and vaccine payoffs to chicken production and diesel engines. Though the book arguably has some flaws, its easy-to-digest essays–many of which …

Fostering Human Dimension Of Smart Cities: Lessons From Jakarta For Nusantara, Indonesia’S New Capital City In The Making, Wicaksono Sarosa, Nurulitha Andini Susetyo, Marsa Nur Aulianisa, Mahbub Ridhoo Maulaa, Pradamas Giffary

Smart City

A city’s problems often arise as the population grows and urbanization happens. This process is linear to the development of information-and-communication technologies (ICT), especially in urban areas. As a result, cities have adopted an initiative to solve the problems which are popularly known as the smart city. Over decades, the idea of a smart city has evolved from a mere technological modernization to advanced utilization through community involvement. However, in practice, smart city ideas and initiatives often put a heavy emphasis on technical aspects and ignored the more human side, which has caused a digital divide. This paper argues that …

Cytochrome P450 Gene Families: Role In Plant Secondary Metabolites Production And Plant Defense, Panchali Chakraborty, Ashok Biswas, Susmita Dey, Tuli Bhattacharjee, Swapan Chakrabarty

Michigan Tech Publications

Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are the most prominent family of enzymes involved in NADPH- and O2-dependent hydroxylation processes throughout all spheres of life. CYPs are crucial for the detoxification of xenobiotics in plants, insects, and other organisms. In addition to performing this function, CYPs serve as flexible catalysts and are essential for producing secondary metabolites, antioxidants, and phytohormones in higher plants. Numerous biotic and abiotic stresses frequently affect the growth and development of plants. They cause a dramatic decrease in crop yield and a deterioration in crop quality. Plants protect themselves against these stresses through different mechanisms, which are accomplished by …

Thieno[3,4-D]Pyrimidin-4(3h)-Thione: An Effective, Oxygenation Independent, Heavy-Atom-Free Photosensitizer For Cancer Cells, Luis A. Ortiz-Rodríguez, Sean J. Hoehn, Heather J. Folkwein, Liraz Levi, Carlos E. Crespo-Hernández

Faculty Scholarship

All-organic, heavy-atom-free photosensitizers based on thionation of nucleobases are receiving increased attention because they are easy to make, noncytotoxic, work both in the presence and absence of molecular oxygen, and can be readily incorporated into DNA and RNA. In this contribution, the DNA and RNA fluorescent probe, thieno[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-one, has been thionated to develop thieno[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-thione, which is nonfluorescent and absorbs near-visible radiation with about 60% higher efficiency. Steady-state absorption and emission spectra are combined with transient absorption spectroscopy and CASPT2 calculations to delineate the electronic relaxation mechanisms of both pyrimidine derivatives in aqueous and acetonitrile solutions. It is demonstrated that thieno[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-thione …

Change Detection Of Open-Pit Mines Based On Fm-Unet++ And Gf-2 Satellite Images, Du Shouhang, Li Wei, Xing Jianghe, Zhang Chengye, She Changchao, Wang Shaoyu, Li Jun

Coal Geology & Exploration

Automatic extraction of land use change information in open-pit mines using the remote sensing and deep learning technology is of great significance for the mining monitoring and ecological environmental protection. A novel deep learning model FM-UNet++ was constructed for the change of land use types in complex and heterogeneous mining scenarios, and the automatic change detection of open-pit mines was achieved using the Gaofen-2 (GF-2) satellite images. Firstly, the change detection dataset of open-pit mine was produced through data surveys and visual interpretation, which was augmented by data enhancement. Secondly, the FM-UNet++ for open-pit mine change detection was constructed by …

Here Comes The Strain: Analyzing Defensive Pass Rush In American Football With Player Tracking Data, Quang Nguyen, Ronald Yurko, Gregory J. Matthews

Mathematics and Statistics: Faculty Publications and Other Works

In American football, a pass rush is an attempt by the defensive team to disrupt the offense and prevent the quarterback (QB) from completing a pass. Existing metrics for assessing pass rush performance are either discrete-time quantities or based on subjective judgment. Using player tracking data, we propose STRAIN, a novel metric for evaluating pass rushers in the National Football League (NFL) at the continuous-time within-play level. Inspired by the concept of strain rate in materials science, STRAIN is a simple and interpretable means for measuring defensive pressure in football. It is a directly-observed statistic as a function of two …

Cambrian Explosion Condensed: High-Precision Geochronology Of The Lower Wood Canyon Formation, Nevada, Lyle L. Nelson, James L. Crowley, Emily F. Smith, Darin M. Schwartz, Eben B. Hodgin, Mark D. Schmitz

Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

The geologically rapid appearance of fossils of modern animal phyla within Cambrian strata is a defining characteristic of the history of life on Earth. However, temporal calibration of the base of the Cambrian Period remains uncertain within millions of years, which has resulted in mounting challenges to the concept of a discrete Cambrian explosion. We present precise zircon U–Pb dates for the lower Wood Canyon Formation, Nevada. These data demonstrate the base of the Cambrian Period, as defined by both ichnofossil biostratigraphy and carbon isotope chemostratigraphy, was younger than 533 Mya, at least 6 My later than currently recognized. This …

Underground Coal Gasification Field Tests In China: History And Prospects, Qin Yong, Yi Tongsheng, Yang Lei, Zhou Yongfeng, Wang Jun, Wang Lingxia

Coal Geology & Exploration

To achieve peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality in China, a low-carbon and efficient coal energy structure is essential for the sustainable energy development of China. Underground coal gasification (UCG) is an important strategy for transforming the coal energy structure in China. Based on the review of previous literature, this study analyzes the exploration history of the UCG field tests in China and delivers the prospects of UCG industrialization in China. The analytical results show that the development and field tests of UCG technologies in China have experienced five stages, namely the initial attempt, silence/recovery, extensive explorations, making technological …

Construction And Engineering Applications Of Block Model For Coal Seam Value Considering The Variations In Coal Seam Thickness And Quality, Liu Feiyue, Yang Ke, Yang Tianhong, Kan Lei, Fu Kai

Coal Geology & Exploration

The variations in coal seam thickness and coal quality parameters (i.e., calorific value, volatile matter, ash content, and sulfur content) determine the spatial distribution of coal prices. The accurate characterization of coal seams’ economic value plays an important role in the rational mining and utilization of coal resources. This study first determined that the geological attributes of coal seams including their thickness and coal quality are regional variables. Based on this, this study discretized geological bodies in the study area using a block model. Then, using a geostatistical method, this study obtained the experimental semivariograms of coal seam thickness and …

Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Draft Final Insufficiently Reclaimed Sites – Field Sampling Plan (Fsp) Bres No. 66 – West Ruby Dump, Mike Mcanulty

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Draft Final Insufficiently Reclaimed Sites – Field Sampling Plan (Fsp) Bres No. 174 – Buffalo South And Bres No 174 – Buffalo Ditch, Mike Mcanulty

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Draft Final Insufficiently Reclaimed Sites – Field Sampling Plan (Fsp) Bres No. 31 – Waste Dump #5, Mike Mcanulty

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Applicability Evaluation Technology Of Perforating Parameters In Different Reservoirs, Bi Gang, Wu Jiemin, Yang Shangyu, Li Mengmeng, Han Fei, Wang Xin, Cui Ying

Coal Geology & Exploration

Perforating parameters have an important impact on the productivity of oil and gas wells. Currently, the optimization of perforating parameters is mostly based on single factor analysis, with no multi-factor comprehensive evaluation analysis performed. In this paper, the finite element simulation method was used to analyze and study the influence law of perforating parameters on wellhead flow under different reservoir conditions. Firstly, a geometric model of pressure drop in reservoir with perforation completion was established to simulate the fluid flow after perforation. In this way, the influence laws of perforating parameters, anisotropy parameters and natural fracture parameters on the pressure …

Construction And Restoration Technology Of Terrain Remodeling Layer In The Restoration Of Ecological Geological Layer In Open-Pit Mining Areas, Zhao Xin, Wang Tong, Li Congcong, Lin Zhongyue, Li Fei, Wang Weichao, Feng Kangning, Yin Yalei, Jiang Zhe

Coal Geology & Exploration

Mining can easily result in a series of change in the geomorphic form, such as irregular mining pits, high and steep slopes, slag hills, primitive soil failure and accumulated water in mining pits in the plateau and alpine mining area, which is in disharmony with the surrounding environment. Such changes of geomorphic form will not only adversely affect the surface ecological environment, but also bring different degrees of influence and damage to the shallow groundwater seepage field and the permafrost. In particular, the geological hazards and disasters such as landslides and collapses may even be resulted in. In response to …

Uav Aerial Triangulation: Point Error Distributions And The Influencing Mechanisms Of Ground Control Points On Its Accuracy, Zha Jianfeng, Zhu Pengcheng, Wu Dejun, Ma Chenyang, Zhong Chongwu, Yin Hongwu, Wang Dong

Coal Geology & Exploration

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been an important means of monitoring the surface deformation in mining areas since they are flexible, are insensitive to weather, and can swiftly acquire images of target areas. However, there is an urgent need to improve UAV-based measurement accuracy. Based on a systematic analysis of factors affecting the accuracy of surface measurement points, this study focuses on the influence of the quality of ground control points on the point error distribution and accuracy of aerial triangulation. Firstly, through a large number of repeated observations and experiments, this study investigated the error distributions of the planar …

Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Draft Final Insufficiently Reclaimed Sites – Field Sampling Plan (Fsp) Bres No. 17 – Paymaster, Mike Mcanulty

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of Climate Change On Selected Pnw Watersheds Through The Lens Of Western Red Cedar Habitat, Jordan T. Hamann

Dissertations and Theses

Climate change is a real phenomenon that is exacerbating existing natural processes and developing into a new normal for the planet. This change may be devastating for Pacific Northwest populations of Western Red Cedar (WRC) west of the Cascade Mountain range in the states of Oregon and Washington. WRC is a valuable tree species for reasons both economic and cultural. Dieback among WRC is following an accelerating trend. Since dieback is usually followed by tree mortality, understanding its causes and distribution is beneficial to the overall success of the species going into the future.

Through the use of ESRI's ArcGIS …

Collaborative Action In Informal Social Networks Of Wildfire Managers In Northwestern Wyoming, Hannah Lynn Spencer

Dissertations and Theses

Wildfire is a cross-boundary, collective action issue. Previous research has demonstrated the importance of collaborative relationships in wildfire for purposes such as increasing capacity, trading information, and facilitating landscape-scale mitigation projects. However, a stakeholder's location in social networks, as well as personal factors, may impact their collaboration. Furthermore, stakeholders must prioritize their own organizational goals and responsibilities, which may differ from those of their collaborators. I used interview and survey methods to investigate these questions in the context of wildfire management professionals in northwestern Wyoming. For the interviews, I selected 12 individuals with high betweenness centrality who were involved in …

Research Advances On The Techno-Economic Evaluation Of Ucg Projects, Yi Tongsheng, Qin Yong, Zhou Yongfeng, Wang Lingxia, Jin Jun, Zhou Ze

Coal Geology & Exploration

Underground coal gasification (UCG) is driven by China's development strategy for a clean and efficient coal energy structure. Its industrialization prospect depends on the economic and social benefits of UCG projects. Against this background, this study reviews the research advances on the economic evaluation of UCG projects at home and abroad and summarizes the current insights into the economic competitiveness of UCG projects. Through case analysis, it presents a basic model for the economic evaluation of the UCG-combined-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) - carbon capture and storage (UCG-CCGT-CCS) system and the main understanding of the model. Furthermore, this study discusses the …

Ucg Industrialization In The Soviet Union: History And Comments, Kong Weimin, Zhou Yongfeng, Yi Tongsheng, Li Ping, Qin Yong, Zhou Ze

Coal Geology & Exploration

China's energy resources are originally poor in oil and gas but rich in coal. The industrialization of underground coal gasification (UCG) technologies, which is an important way of achieving a low-carbon and efficient coal energy structure in China, contributes to the smooth achievement of the peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality in China. This study reviews the history of the field tests and industrialization of UCG technologies in the Soviet Union by systematically referencing and sorting literature, aiming to provide a reference for the present development and industrialization of UCG technologies in China. The results show that the development …

Ucg Pilot Tests In The United States And Their Contributions To Modern Ucg Technologies, Huang Wan, Wang Jun, Wang Lingxia, Yi Tongsheng, Chen Kexin, Qin Yong

Coal Geology & Exploration

The industrialization of underground coal gasification (UCG), which is conducive to the transformation and development of the coal energy structure and the improvement in the low-carbon utilization level of coal resources, is an environmentally friendly energy development technology in line with the sustainable development strategy. The international energy crisis from the 1980s to the 1990s prompted the United States to vigorously develop UCG technologies. Accordingly, this country has successively carried out six series of UCG pilot tests, which contribute greatly to the progress in UCG technologies and provided the critical foundation for the formation of modern UCG technologies worldwide. This …

Ucg Pilot Tests In Eu Countries: A Review Of History And Progress, Jin Lili, Yang Lei, Wu Yarong, Wang Xiaofang, Yi Tongsheng, Qin Yong

Coal Geology & Exploration

Underground coal gasification (UCG) is an important way of transforming China’s coal energy structure. European Union (EU) countries explored UCG for over 80 years, and their rich experience can be used as a reference for promoting UCG industrialization in China. The UK prepared for UCG pilot tests for the first time in the world. From 1944 to 2014, based on the experience of the former Soviet Union and the United States, EU countries successively implemented at least 12 UCG pilot test projects in three stages, making important contributions to the progress in UCG technologies. They invented the blind-hole method and …

Ucg Engineering Demonstrations In Australia: History And Its Implications, Zhou Ze, Wang Lingxia, Qin Yong, Jin Jun, Yang Lei, Yi Tongsheng

Coal Geology & Exploration

Underground coal gasification (UCG), which is a revolutionary coal mining technology, is an important direction for achieving a low-carbon and efficient coal energy structure in China and is also a potential explorable way to ensure the smooth realization of the peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality in China. Based on a literature survey, this study sorts out the exploration process of UCG technologies in Australia and analyzes the gains and losses using field test cases. The experience in UCG technologies in Australia can provide a reference for the development of the technologies in China. The results show that the …

A New Type Of Ordovician Limestone Karst Water Inrush From The Floor Of Old Goaf: Formation Mechanism And The Prevention And Control Technology, Zhou Shuai, Li Shuqian, Yin Shangxian, Liang Manyu, Meng Haopeng, Qi Rongrong, Li Yuanyuan

Coal Geology & Exploration

The Ordovician limestone water inrush accident occurred in the small coal-pit area in Xin’an Mine of Hebei Fengfeng mining area on October 25^th, which resulted in the production level being flooded, with the coal mine shut-down. Specifically, the accident cause was analyzed, and the concept of Ordovician limestone karst water inrush from the floor of old goaf was proposed, with its difference from the connotation and denotation of water inrush from the old goaf or floor water inrush accidents induced by mining summarized. Then, the water inrush mechanism based on the dynamic evolution of stored energy release from …

Research And Application Of Fracture Mechanics Model Of Stope Roof Under The Coupling Of Direct Roof And Basic Roof, Li Jinhua, Zheng Chengxian, Gu Shuancheng, Wu Baolin, Wang Xiong, Song Yongjun

Coal Geology & Exploration

Periodic weighting is a typical characteristic of mine pressure. Accurate prediction of stope periodic weighting step is an important way to effectively reduce the occurrence of stope accidents. Aiming at the influence of the coupling between the basic roof defects and the direct roof on the periodic weighting step, the stope roof was regarded as a finite plate model with cracks. According to the coordinate deformation mechanism of the overburden rock, the fracture mechanics model of the stope roof was established based on the fracture mechanics theory. On this basis, the periodic weighting step function under the coupling between the …

Material Point Method-Based Simulation And Dynamic Characteristic Analysis Of Instability-Induced Landslide Movement: A Case Study Of The Yanguan Landslide In The Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Song Kun, Ruan Di, Lyu Honglin, Han Luyang, Huang Haifeng

Coal Geology & Exploration

The dynamic process and influence range of instability-induced landslide movement have important effects on the risk area division and prevention of landslide hazards. To accurately and systematically analyze the changes in the dynamic characteristics of landsides during their instability-induced movement, this study thoroughly investigated and analyzed the instability-induced movement process of the Yanguan landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, Zigui County, Hubei Province. Through laboratory ring shear tests, this study determined the changing pattern of residual strength and the motion parameters of sliding zone soil under different shear rates. Accordingly, using the material point method (MPM), which is suitable …

Detection Of Near-Surface Cavities Using The 2d Multi-Parameter Full-Waveform Inversion Of Rayleigh Waves, Li Yu, Wang Jingqi, Guan Jianbo, Yan Yingwei

Coal Geology & Exploration

The accurate detection of near-surface low-velocity anomalies (such as cavities), which has always been a valuable and challenging research topic in the field of geophysics, holds great significance for the fine-scale near-surface modeling in urban disaster assessment and the seismic exploration of coalfields under complex conditions. The full-waveform inversion (FWI) of surface waves is suitable for high-precision near-surface modeling. However, there still exist many urgent problems with the modeling in practical applications. To solve the key issues of the FWI of surface waves, such as multi-parameter crosstalk, actual data preprocessing, and source wavelet estimation, this study developed a complete method …