Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Identifying Unsafety Gesture Of Drivers Using Deep Learning, Yibei Bai

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This thesis presents the use of deep learning to identify two unsafe gestures of drivers: (1) holding the wheel with one hand and performing an action with the other hand, and (2) talking on the phone while driving. These gestures can distract the driver, potentially leading to accidents. Four models were compared and evaluated. Additionally, the study introduces the Driver Action Expression (DAE) dataset, collected through a road driving experiment focusing on driver behavior. The issue of imbalanced data was considered. The Xception model shows the best performance compared to other models, leading to its selection as the primary model …

Logistic Stochastic Differential Equation Driven By Fractional Brownian Motion, Thanayuth Promkong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

In this work, the logistic stochastic differential equation (SDE) driven by fractional Brownian motion (FBM) is proposed. We derive the exact solution of this SDE using the fractional Itô's formula with respect to FBM and investigate the probabilistic properties of the solution, namely the mean and the $k$-th moment, using Taylor series approximation. The simulation of sample paths using the direct formula of the exact solution of this SDE driven by FBM with various Hurst parameters, along with that of the corresponding SDE driven by standard Brownian motion, is performed to demonstrate the behaviors of these SDEs and affirm our …

3d-Printed Flexible Polyacrylamide/Alginate Gel Polymer Electrolyte For Zinc Ion Baterry, Napassorn Wongduangpa

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Flexible and wearable electronic devices are gaining widespread popularity due to their portability and user-friendly design. These devices include electrical sensors, flexible displays, smart clothing, and on-body health monitoring devices. The demand for these devices depends on their ability to maintain flexibility, light weight, bending ability, twisting ability, and ease of portability, such as being foldable under intense usage conditions. These flexible and wearable electronics require a suitable power source, typically batteries. Zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are widely used due to their safety, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. However, ZIBs still face limitations in terms of flexible and durable electrolytes, which pose …

การผลิตเชื้อเพลิงชีวภาพอากาศยานจากเมทิลเอสเทอร์ของกรดไขมันบนตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยาโลหะคู่ฐานนิกเกิลบนซีโอไลต์ชนิดเบตาที่ผ่านการดัดแปรในเครื่องปฏิกรณ์แบบเบดคงที่, นรธัช ฤทัยสิริโรจน์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ปัจจุบัน การบริโภคเชื้อเพลิงฟอสซิลสำหรับเครื่องยนต์สันดาปภายในมีแนวโน้มลดลง เนื่องจากการเข้ามาแทนที่ของยานพาหนะไฟฟ้า ส่งผลให้เกิดอุปทานส่วนเกินของไบโอดีเซลในอนาคต เพื่อรักษาสมดุลของตลาดน้ำมันปาล์ม ไบโอดีเซลที่ผลิตจากน้ำมันปาล์มจึงถูกนำมาใช้เป็นวัตถุดิบในการผลิตเชื้อเพลิงชีวภาพอากาศยาน ตามนโยบายขององค์การการบินพลเรือนระหว่างประเทศที่สนับสนุนการใช้เชื้อเพลิงการบินที่ยั่งยืน ในงานวิจัยนี้จึงมุ่งเน้นไปที่กระบวนการไฮโดรคอนเวอร์ชันของเมทิลเอสเทอร์ของกรดไขมันที่ผลิตจากน้ำมันปาล์มไปเป็นเชื้อเพลิงชีวภาพอากาศยานสำหรับเครื่องบินโดยใช้เครื่องปฏิกรณ์แบบเบดคงที่ เนื่องจากข้อจำกัดของตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยานิกเกิล ซึ่งมีแนวโน้มเกิดการเกาะกลุ่ม การเกิดไฮโดรจิโนไลซิสอย่างรุนแรง และการสะสมโค้กระหว่างกระบวนการ งานวิจัยนี้จึงได้ศึกษาการเติมแกลเลียม ในตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยาโลหะคู่ บนตัวรองรับซีโอไลต์ชนิดเบตาที่ผ่านการปรับปรุงด้วยการชะด้วยกรด (beta-HF) โดยใช้สารละลายกรดไฮโดรฟลูออริก/แอมโมเนียมฟลูออไรด์ นอกจากนี้ ยังได้ศึกษาผลของการเติมซีเรียม เพื่อใช้เป็นตัวสนับสนุนลงในตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยา NiGa/beta-HF เพื่อเพิ่มสมรรถนะของตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยา โดยทำการศึกษาที่อุณหภูมิ 360 องศาเซลเซียส ภายใต้ความดันแก๊สไฮโดรเจน 30 บาร์ ค่า WHSV 2.45 ชั่วโมง-1 และใช้อัตราการไหลของไฮโดรเจน 60 มิลลิลิตร/นาที จากการศึกษาพบว่าตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยา 5Ni5Ga-5Ce/beta-HF ให้สมรรถนะการเร่งปฏิกิริยาดีที่สุด โดยให้การเลือกเกิดเชื้อเพลิงชีวภาพอากาศยานสูงถึง 41.6% มีอัตราส่วนไอโซ-/นอมัล-อัลเคนที่ 0.90 และปริมาณสารประกอบออกซิเจนต่ำสุดที่ 14.3% ส่งผลให้เชื้อเพลิงชีวภาพที่ได้มีค่าความร้อนสูงสุดที่ 37.4 เมกะจูล/กิโลกรัม ซึ่งสามารถนำไปผสมกับน้ำมันอากาศยานเจ็ท A-1 ในสัดส่วน 10/90% โดยปริมาตรได้ โดยไม่ทำให้คุณภาพของน้ำมันอากาศยานเจ็ท A-1 ลดลง งานวิจัยนี้จึงถือเป็นแนวคิดที่มีศักยภาพสำคัญในการผลิตเชื้อเพลิงการบินที่ยั่งยืนเพื่อลดการพึ่งพาน้ำมันอากาศยานเจ็ท A-1

Pricing Option On Commodity Under Schwartz Model By Using Finite Difference Method, Peerawit Kalaphakdee

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This work aims for finding prices of options with underlying assets considered as commodities, where the price of commodity is assumed to follow a mean-reverting Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, namely, the Schwartz one-factor model. The prices of both European and American options are obtained by employing the finite different methods (FDMs) for solving parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs) generated from Feynman-Kac theorem. In this work, we construct three FDMs to solve PDEs, namely FTCS, BTCS and CN methods. The accuracy of FDMs are validated and confirmed by numerical examples for European options by comparing with analytical results from Black-Scholes type formula and …

Characterization Of Geuda Sapphires From Sri Lanka, Hussain Akiff Mohamed Faleel

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Geuda sapphire samples from the Kataragama and Ratnapura deposits in Sri Lanka were classified into milky, silky, and diesel varieties. Each sample was sliced into two pieces and subjected to two different heat treatments. The first slice was heated to 1750°C in a gas furnace using LPG, creating an oxygen-reduced environment, while the second slice was annealed at 1650°C in an electric furnace under oxidizing condition. Both heating methods produced similar results for the milky and diesel geuda varieties. However, in the silky geuda, which contained needle-like ilmenite inclusions, the gas furnace under oxygen-reduced conditions yielded more pronounced effects. In …

การศึกษาความเป็นไปได้ในการประยุกต์ใช้น้ำเสียที่ผ่านการบำบัดในกระบวนการอบยาง, สิรวิชญ์ โพธิ์ระหง

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

บริษัท สยามมิชลิน จำกัด (โรงงานพระประแดง) จังหวัดสมุทรปราการ มุ่งมั่นในการจัดการทรัพยากรน้ำอย่างมีประสิทธิภาพและยั่งยืนในกระบวนการผลิตยางรถยนต์ การผลิตยางรถยนต์และยางรถจักรยานยนต์มีการใช้น้ำจำนวนมากในกระบวนการผลิต จึงเป็นเหตุให้เกิดน้ำเสียจำนวนมากตามมาเช่นกัน น้ำเสียเหล่านี้จะถูกส่งเข้าระบบบำบัดน้ำเสียแบบเลี้ยงตะกอนเร่งเพื่อบำบัดและมีสมบัติได้ตามมาตรฐานน้ำทิ้ง แนวทางในการลดการปล่อยน้ำเสียหลังการบำบัดแล้วสู่สาธารณะ คือ การนำน้ำเสียที่ผ่านการบำบัดเหล่านี้กลับมาใช้เพื่อสามารถหมุนเวียนทรัพยากรให้กลับมาใช้ใหม่อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพสูงสุด และยังสอดคล้องกับแผนการบริหารด้านความยั่งยืนในการจัดการสิ่งแวดล้อมของบริษัทอีกทางหนึ่งด้วย ในงานวิจัยนี้จึงศึกษาความเป็นไปได้ในการนำน้ำเสียที่ผ่านการบำบัดแล้วกลับมาใช้ใหม่ในกระบวนการอบยาง โดยศึกษาและปรับปรุงประสิทธิภาพอัตราการไฟล (%Recovery) ของระบบรีไซเคิลรีเวอร์สออสโมซิสแบบขั้นตอนเดียวด้วยสารกรองแก้ว (AFM®ng) พบว่ามีประสิทธิภาพเพิ่มขึ้นจากเป็นร้อยละ 64 จากนั้นศึกษาเปรียบเทียบความเป็นไปได้ของโครงการระหว่างระบบรีไซเคิลแบบสองขั้นตอน (Double-pass RO) มีร้อยละผลตอบแทนของโครงการ (%ROI) และระยะเวลาคืนทุน (Payback period) เท่ากับ ร้อยละ 242, 1.22 ปีและระบบรีไซเคิลแบบสองขั้นตอนร่วมกับระบบการกรองระดับอัลตร้า (UF-RO/RO) เท่ากับร้อยละ 189, 1.97 ปีตามลำดับ แสดงให้เห็นว่าระบบรีไซเคิลแบบสองขั้นตอน (Double-pass RO) มีผลตอบแทนด้านการลงทุน (ROI) ที่ดีที่สุด และระยเวลาการคืนทุนที่เร็วกว่า แม้ว่าระบบรีไซเคิลแบบสองขั้นตอนร่วมกับระบบการกรองระดับอัลตร้า (UF-RO/RO) จะมีคุณภาพน้ำดีกว่า แต่เมื่อพิจารณาต้นทุนแล้ว พบว่าไม่แตกต่างกันมากนัก เนื่องจากระบบรีไซเคิลแบบสองขั้นตอน (Double-pass RO)มีร้อยละผลตอบแทนการลงทุนที่ดีที่สุด และระยะเวลาคืนทุนเร็วกว่า บริษัทฯ จึงเลือกใช้ระบบนี้ในการผลิตน้ำป้อนเข้าสู่หม้อต้มไอน้ำ ส่งผลให้สัดส่วนการใช้น้ำประปาในการอบยางลดลงร้อยละ 26 สัดส่วนการใช้น้ำรีไซเคิลเพิ่มขึ้นถึงร้อยละ 42 และลดการปลดปล่อยก๊าซคาร์บอนไดดอกไซด์ได้ 111.63 ตันคาร์บอนไดออกไซด์ต่อปี

Molecular Dynamics Simulation Of Phosphonium-Based Ionic Liquids For Natural Gas Sweetening, Umar Muhammad Yahaya

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Sour natural gas (SNG) contains significant amounts of H2S, CO2, and other sulfur-containing components which need to be reduced to the required level suitable for safe transportation and usage. In this work, we conducted molecular dynamics simulations of five Phosphonium-based Ionic Liquids (PILs) with a formulated gas mixture containing 80% CH4, 10% CO2, 5% H2S, and 5% N2, reflecting a typical composition of SNG. The simulation was performed at 300 K and 50 bar for 100 ns and five PILs studied were tetrabutylphosphonium acetate ([P4444][ACE]), tetrabutylphosphonium formate ([P4444][FOR]), tetrabutylphosphonium methyl carbonate ([P4444][MTC]), tetrabutylphosphonium dimethylphosphate ([P4444][DMP]), and tetrabutylphosphonium diethylphosphate ([P4444][DEP]). Analysis …

Perfect Codes On T-Cayley Graphs, Kantapong Wannatong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Let G be a finite group with the identity e and t ∈ N. In this dissertation, we study perfect codes in a t-Cayley graph of G. Let H be a subgroup of G and k ∈ {1, . . . , t}. We have a necessary and sufficient condition for a collection Ω of subsets of G such that H × {1, . . . , k} is a perfect code in t-Cayley graph Cay(G× {1, . . . , t}, Ω). In addition, we obtain criterions for determining if H × {1, . . . , t} is …

Two-Stage Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion Of Rice Straw And Vegetable Residues For Biogas Production, Piyathida Khantibongse

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Renewable energy is crucial for meeting global energy needs while protecting the environment. Unlike fossil fuels, renewable sources like solar, wind, and biomass are sustainable and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Biogas production, a vital part of biomass energy, converts organic waste into clean fuel through anaerobic digestion. This process generates energy, manages waste, reduces landfill use, and cuts methane emissions, promoting sustainability and energy independence. This study investigates the two-stage thermophilic anaerobic digestion of rice straw and vegetable residues for biogas production, focusing on the effects of different pretreatment methods, optimal mixing ratios, and organic loadings. The research aims to …

Stochastic And Fuzzy Unit Commitment Models To Accommodate Solar Energy And Electric Vehicle Charging Penetration, Sukita Kaewpasuk

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This dissertation investigates the integration of renewable energy and electric vehicle (EV) consumption in the power system of Thailand. As the country moves towards sustainability, the production sector is experiencing a significant penetration of renewable energy sources, while the consumption sector is observing an increasing adoption of EVs. The unit commitment model is commonly used for electricity production planning to minimize costs and ensure system stability. However, the uncertainties associated with renewable energy output and EV charging consumption challenge the characteristic of the net load demand prediction. This study focuses on developing robust unit commitment models that consider the high …

Identifying Factors Influencing Willingness To Pay For Ev (Electric Vehicles) In Kunming City, China, Yutian Chen

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

To reduce energy consumption and environmental pollution, the Chinese government is promoting the use of electric vehicles (EVs) as a means of achieving these environmental goals. As one of the most promising cities for electric vehicle (EV) development in China, Kunming plays an important role in promoting the adoption of EVs. This study, based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), aims to identify the factors influencing the willingness of Chinese citizens to pay for electric vehicles (EVs). The aforementioned factors encompass government policies, consumers' environmental awareness, face consumption, technology awareness, brand loyalty, attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control. …

Examining The Adoption Of Low/Zero Emissions Passenger Vehicles In Used Car Markets: A Case Study From Saint Vincent And The Grenadines, Westford Stilly Joseph

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The transportation sector accounts for a quarter of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with private vehicles contributing approximately 39% of these emissions. The adoption of low/zero emission vehicles (LZEVs) is a critical strategy for reducing GHG emissions. However, despite the projection that developing states will account for 90% of global vehicle fleet expansion over the next decade, little research has explored the issues of LZEV adoption in markets where consumers predominantly purchase used cars, such as Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. This study uses an Extended Theory of Planned Behaviour (ETPB) model to analyse factors influencing LZEV purchase intentions among …

New York State Climate Impacts Assessment: 04 Buildings, Nicholas B. Rajkovich, Carrie Brown, Ilya Azaroff, Erik Backus, Shannon Clarke, Jared Enriquez, Bethany Greenaway, Meghan T. Holtan, Jamal Lewis, Ozgem Ornektekin, Laurie Schoeman

Publications and Research

New York State has nearly 5.3 million buildings, and all of them are vulnerable in some way to the impacts of climate change. Understanding these impacts is critical, because risks to buildings not only threaten individual lives but also pose threats to community-level resilience. This chapter examines the impacts of climate change on buildings and, by extension, the people and communities they shelter and support. It also highlights building types and populations that are at particular risk and presents adaptation strategies to protect the state’s existing and future building stock from climate impacts.

The Use Of Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (Flim) For In Situ Microbial Detection In Complex Mineral Substrates, Yekaterina G. Chmykh, Jay Nadeau

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

The utility of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) for identifying bacteria in complex mineral matrices was investigated. Baseline signals from unlabelled Bacillus subtilis and Euglena gracilis, and Bacillus subtilis labelled with SYTO 9 were obtained using two-photon excitation at 730, 750 and 800 nm, identifying characteristic lifetimes of photosynthetic pigments, unpigmented cellular autofluorescence, and SYTO 9. Labelled and unlabelled B. subtilis were seeded onto marble and gypsum samples containing endolithic photosynthetic cyanobacteria and the ability to distinguish cells from mineral autofluorescence and nonspecific dye staining was examined in parallel with ordinary multichannel confocal imaging. It was found that FLIM …

Inorganic Chemical Reasoning Skills: An Exploratory Study Into Understanding Students’ Choices And Thought Processes, Hannah P. Thompson

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Predicting the products of reactions is a fundamental skill for practicing inorganic chemists. However, the current knowledge of the strategies that students use to solve them is limited. Presumably, instructors of inorganic chemistry courses give complete-the-reaction assessment items hoping that students will use their knowledge of inorganic concepts to solve them; but it is conceivable that a successful student could use heuristics or domain general problem-solving methods. I proposed this study to determine which strategies were used by students when solving complete-the-reaction tasks in inorganic chemistry, and also to make qualitative connections between strategy and accuracy. This was done in …

Novel Analog Holographic Wavefront Sensors In A Photopolymer Medium, Emma Branigan

Doctoral

Wavefront sensing is a vital technology that allows for recovery of information and image resolution, from otherwise corrupted signals. Combined with computational systems, wavefront sensors (WFS) enable rapid, accurate measurement of optical distortions, or aberrations. The analog holographic wavefront sensor (AHWFS) is a recent advancement that measures wavefront aberration modes using intensity ratios at paired diffraction spots. The modal AHWFS is an elegant solution to wavefront sensing that is low-cost, highly photon efficient, high speed, and insensitive to scintillation effects.

This work presents the first fabrication of an AHWFS in a self-developing acrylamide-based photopolymer for measuring defocus and spherical aberration. …

Embedded Collaborative Intelligence Service Mechanism In Emergencies, Chen Wei, Chensheng Wu, Bingfeng Zhao, Qingtao Fan

Journal of Scientific Information Research

[Purpose/significance]Faced with complex cross-domain emergencies, the barriers among intelligence resources, intelligence services and the rights and responsibilities within emergency management must be broken to generate embedded synergy, enhancing emergency management effectiveness. [Method/process]From the three perspectives of intelligence system guarantee, intelligence organization guarantee and early warning intelligence mechanism, this paper studies the basic guarantee, intelligence lack problem and realization path of cross-domain intelligence service emergencies based on the emergency management system and traditional intelligence collaborative service system. With embedded collaborative intelligence monitoring and collection systems and crisis early warning intelligence systems, an embedded collaborative intelligence service system framework is built. [Result/conclusion]Intelligence …

Visual Analysis Of Enterprise Network Public Opinion Events And Research On Crisis Public Relations Strategy：Taking The “Haitian Soy Sauce Incident”As An Example, Danlin Xie, Xisheng Hu, Weishu Yang

Journal of Scientific Information Research

[Purpose/significance]In the information age with decentralized discourse power, the channels for the public to publicly express their opinions and participate in topic discussions are increasing. The exchange and dissemination of online public opinion on low-ignition events will undoubtedly increase the heat of the event and bring greater pressure and challenges to corporate crisis public relations. [Method/process]Taking "Haitian soy sauce event" as an example, this paper discusses the stage of network public opinion dissemination of the event, uses ROST CM to carry out high-frequency word statistics and public sentiment tendency analysis, and uses Ucinet and Gephi to analyze the social network …

Topic Mining And Dynamic Evolution Analysis Of Patent Technology From The Perspective Of Binary Evolution：Take The Field Of Industrial Robots As An Example, Luyao Dou, Zhigang Zhou, Yi Li, Tao Jiang

Journal of Scientific Information Research

[Purpose/significance]From the perspective of "overall ecology + local stage", mining the technical theme and its evolution law in the field of industrial robots can not only know the overall process of technological development, but also clarify the specific paradigm of technology combination, which has important practical significance for insight into the technological progress and capital investment focus in the field of industrial robots.[Method/process]Based on incoPat patent database, taking the industrial robot field from 2003 to 2022 as an example, combined with Word2vec word vector model and LDA topic model, data mining and corpus expansion of patent texts were carried out, …

Enhancedbert: A Feature-Rich Ensemble Model For Arabic Word Sense Disambiguation With Statistical Analysis And Optimized Data Collection, Sanaa Kaddoura, Reem Nassar

All Works

Accurate assignment of meaning to a word based on its context, known as Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD), remains challenging across languages. Extensive research aims to develop automated methods for determining word senses in different contexts. However, the literature lacks the presence of datasets generated for the Arabic language WSD. This paper presents a dataset comprising a hundred polysemous Arabic words. Each word in the dataset encompasses 3–8 distinct senses, with ten example sentences per sense. Some statistical operations are conducted to gain insights into the dataset, enlightening its characteristics and properties. Subsequently, a novel WSD approach is proposed to utilize …

Informing The State Of Process Modeling And Automation Of Blood Banking And Transfusion Services Through A Systematic Mapping Study, Shaima' Abdallah Elhaj, Yousra Odeh, Dina Tbaishat, Anwar Rjoop, Asem Mansour, Mohammed Odeh

All Works

Purpose: The current state of the art in process modeling of blood banking and transfusion services is not well grounded; methodological reviews are lacking to bridge the gap between such blood banking and transfusion processes (and their models) and their automation. This research aims to fill this gap with a methodological review. Methods: A systematic mapping study was adopted, driven by five key research questions. Identified research studies were accepted based on fulfilling the following inclusion criteria: 1) research studies should focus on blood banking and transfusion process modeling since the late 1970s; and 2) research studies should focus on …

Advancing Temporal Sepsis Biomarking: Covariate Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A And B Gene Expression Profiling In A Murine Model Of Sars-Cov Infection, Asrar Rashid, Feras Al-Obeidat, Kesava Ramakrishnan, Wael Hafez, Nouran Hamza, Zainab A. Malik, Raziya Kadwa, Muneir Gador, Govind Benakatti, Rayaz A. Malik, Ibrahim Elbialy, Hekmieh Manad, Guftar Shaikh, Ahmed Al-Dubai, Amir Hussain

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The limited specificity of standard inflammatory biomarkers poses a challenge for the diagnosis and monitoring of sepsis. The differential gene expression patterns of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A and B (VEGF-A and B) are promising candidates. This study aimed to elucidate variations in VEGF-A/B gene expression following SARS-CoV MA15 disease initiation. Biomarker tracking was examined in a murine C57BL wild-type (WT) genotype MA15 (SARS-CoV) nasal instillation model. In [GSE40824], the expression of TNF and VEGF-A significantly differed between the groups (p = 1.53e-07, and 0.0043) and over time. In [GSE40827], [GSE51386], [GSE51387], and [GSE40840], the expression of TNF, VEGF-A, and …

Mixed Criticality Reward-Based Systems Using Resource Reservation, Amjad Ali, Shah Zeb, Madallah Alruwaili, Asad Masood Khattak, Bashir Hayat, Ki Il Kim

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Real-time systems mostly interact with the external world and each input operation must meet predetermined deadlines to be useful. However, in many real-time applications, a partial result is also acceptable. We developed a reward-based mixed criticality system based on the resource reservation approach to address the problem of ensuring the effective execution of low- and high-criticality tasks in both low- and high modes, even under heavy workloads. Using dedicated servers with pessimistic resource allocation for each high criticality task ensured their execution in both modes unaffected by low criticality tasks. The surplus resources are reclaimed and assigned to low critical …

A Multi-Objective Grey Wolf Optimizer For Energy Planning Problem In Smart Home Using Renewable Energy Systems, Sharif Naser Makhadmeh, Mohammed Azmi Al-Betar, Feras Al-Obeidat, Osama Ahmad Alomari, Ammar Kamal Abasi, Mohammad Tubishat, Zenab Elgamal, Waleed Alomoush

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This paper presents the energy planning problem (EPP) as an optimization problem to find the optimal schedules to minimize energy consumption costs and demand and enhance users’ comfort levels. The grey wolf optimizer (GWO), One of the most powerful optimization methods, is adjusted and adapted to address EPP optimally and achieve its objectives efficiently. The GWO is adapted due to its high performance in addressing NP-complex hard problems like the EPP, where it contains efficient and dynamic parameters that enhance its exploration and exploitation capabilities, particularly for large search spaces. In addition, new energy and real-world resources based on solar …

Assessing The Impact Of Chatbot-Human Personality Congruence On User Behavior: A Chatbot-Based Advising System Case, Mohammad Amin Kuhail, Mohamed Bahja, Ons Al-Shamaileh, Justin Thomas, Amina Alkazemi, Joao Negreiros

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Chatbot personality has been demonstrated to influence user behavior, such as trust and intended engagement. However, previous research on chatbot-user personality congruence’s influence on user behavior is scant despite its significance in human-human conversations. This study explores the effect of chatbot-human personality trait congruence on user behavior in the context of a chatbot-based advising system. In this study, 54 college students interacted with chatbots with three different personalities (extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) and rated their trust, usage intention, and intended engagement with the chatbots. Additionally, 18 participants were interviewed to gain further insights into their perceptions and evaluations of the …

Complex Shadowed Set Theory And Its Application In Decision-Making Problems, Doaa Alsharo, Eman Abuteen, Abd Ulazeez M.J.S. Alkouri, Mutasem Alkhasawneh, Fadi M.A. Al-Zubi

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Modern technology makes it easier to store datasets, but extracting and isolating useful information with its full meaning from this data is crucial and hard. Recently, several algorithms for clustering data have used complex fuzzy sets (CFS) to improve clustering performance. Thus, adding a second dimension (phase term) to the range of membership avoids the problem of losing the full meaning of complicated information during the decision-making process. In this research, the notion of the complex shadowed set (CSHS) was introduced and considered as an example of the three region approximations method simplifying processing with the support of CFS and …

Generative Ai And Large Language Models: A New Frontier In Reverse Vaccinology, Kadhim Hayawi, Sakib Shahriar, Hany Alashwal, Mohamed Adel Serhani

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Reverse vaccinology is an emerging concept in the field of vaccine development as it facilitates the identification of potential vaccine candidates. Biomedical research has been revolutionized with the recent innovations in Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Large Language Models (LLMs). The intersection of these two technologies is explored in this study. In this study, the impact of Generative AI and LLMs in the field of vaccinology is explored. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing research, prospective use cases, and an experimental case study, this research highlights that LLMs and Generative AI have the potential to enhance the efficiency and accuracy …

Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Slope And Risk Of Primary And Secondary Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events And Heart Failure Hospitalization In People With Type 2 Diabetes: An Analysis Of The Exscel Trial, Abderrahim Oulhaj, Faisal Aziz, Abubaker Suliman, Kathrin Eller, Rachid Bentoumi, John B. Buse, Wael Al Mahmeed, Dirk Von Lewinski, Ruth L. Coleman, Rury R. Holman, Harald Sourij

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Aim: The decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), a significant predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD), occurs heterogeneously in people with diabetes because of various risk factors. We investigated the role of eGFR decline in predicting CVD events in people with type 2 diabetes in both primary and secondary CVD prevention settings. Materials and Methods: Bayesian joint modelling of repeated measures of eGFR and time to CVD event was applied to the Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering (EXSCEL) trial to examine the association between the eGFR slope and the incidence of major adverse CV event/hospitalization for heart failure (MACE/hHF) …

Diagnostic Performance Of Ai-Based Models Versus Physicians Among Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Feras Al-Obeidat, Wael Hafez, Muneir Gador, Nesma Ahmed, Marwa Muhammed Abdeljawad, Antesh Yadav, Asrar Rashed

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Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common primary liver cancer that requires early diagnosis due to its poor prognosis. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have facilitated hepatocellular carcinoma detection using multiple AI models; however, their performance is still uncertain. Aim: This meta-analysis aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of different AI models with that of clinicians in the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases for eligible studies. The R package was used to synthesize the results. The outcomes of various studies were aggregated using fixed-effect and random-effects models. …