Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Selection For Seed Retention In Phalaris Aquatica L., J R. Mcwilliam, C N. Gibbon

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Seed shattering is a problem in most pasture grasses, especially in those that have a history of recent domestication. In many of these grasses, losses from shattering are aggravated by uneven ripening of inflorescences and a low percentage of viable seed. Fragility of the rachilla appears to be the most common cause of seed shattering in grasses, and once this connection is broken, the seed is free to shed from the inflorescence. In some of the more domesticated species, the nature and configuration of the glumes and the manner in which they are packed on the inflorescence play an important …

Inefficient Conversion Of Floret Populations To Actual Seed Harvested In Grass-Seed Crops, K R. Brown

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Obtaining more than 34 machine-dressed seeds from every 100 florets in trials at Lincoln, New Zealand, was uncommon. In ryegrass (Lolium sp.), Grasslands Matua prairie grass (Bromus catharticus Vahl), and G17 cocksfoot (Dacrylis glomerata L.) crops, the larger the floret population, the lower the number of seeds obtained from every 100 florets. Nitrogen (N) improved the return, and in prairie grass the return increased as the rate ofN increased beyond 20 kg N/ha. In prairie grass, floret populations decreased as row spacings increased. With this seed, recovery was highest at wide row spacings, but in cocksfoot the reverse was true. …

Effect Of Different System Of Seed Treatment, Packing, And Storage On Vigor And Germination Of Five Tropical Forage Legumes, R Cabrales, J Bernal

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Production of tropical forage·l􀂗􀂘me seeds is expensive. Very often, the establishment of mixtures is difficult because of lack of uniformity in vigor and germination of the legume seed. Treatment with chemical compounds has been reported to be useful in breaking dormancy. The packing material and temperature of storage have also been reported to affect seed vigor and ger­mination. The following treatments were applied to recently harvested seeds of tropical kudzu (Pueraria phaseoloides [Roxb.) Benth.), clitoria (Clitoria ternatea L.), centrosema (Centrosema pubescens Benth.), siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum DC. Urb.), and desmodium (Desmodium intortum [Mill.) Fawc. and Rendle): concentrated sulfuric acid (96 % …

Seed Production For The Establishment Of Pennisteum Americanum X P. Purpureum F1 Hybrid Pastures, M E. Aken'ova, H R. Chheda

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Several genotypes among the interspecific F 1 hybrids between Maiwa, a short-day, photoperiod-sensitive local cultivar of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum [L.] Leeke), and elephant grass (P. purpureum Schumach) produced at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, combine the high dry-matter yield potential and perenniality of elephant grass with greater acceptability to livestock and increased digestibility, resulting in higher live-weight gains than elephant grass. Though sterile, the Fr Pennisetum hybrids are easily propagated vegetatively. Distribution over a wider area of adaptation can be facilitated by large-scale F 1 seed production utilizing cytoplasmic male-sterile pearl millet. Cytoplasmic male-sterile Maiwa was developed by transferring …

Effect Of Autumn And Spring Defoliation And Defoliation Method On Seed Yield Of Lolium Perenne, P D. Hebbleethwaite, T.G A. Clemence

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Trials in 1979 and 1980 evaluated the effect of autumn and spring defoliations on fertile apex removal, tiller survival, seed­yield components, and seed and forage yield in two amenity- and one agricultural-type perennial ryegrasses (Lolium perenne), established in the autumn. Methods (reciprocating mower or sheep), height (3-5 cm or 6-8 cm) of defoliation, and the addition of supplementary nitrogen (N) after defoliation were evaluated in the variety Royal in 1980. In both years and all varieties, autumn defoliation had no significant effect on seed yield. With the exception of Royal in 1980, seed yields were reduced by cutting, if it …

Post Residue As A Management Tool In Grass-Seed Production, D O. Chilcote, H W. Youngberg, W C. Young Iii

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Postharvest residue burning, initiated in Oregon in the early 1940s to control blind seed disease in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), has been found to be a most effective field sanitation method that also enhances seed yield. It is now a general prac­tice in Oregon, and its use is expanding to other regions. Questions of how burning beneficially affects grass-seed crop production have been the focus of many studies conducted over several years in the Willamette Valley. These studies were given impetus by the concern for clean air in certain locations in Oregon. The objectives of the research were (1) …

Trials On Time Of Nitrogen Application In The Spring To Various Grasses Grown For Seed Production, A Nordestgaard

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

With most of the grasses grown for seed in Denmark, a series of trials has been carried out on increasing nitrogen rates in the autumn combined with increasing rates in the spring. The results of these trials show that an autumn application of nitrogen is very important to most of the grasses and necessary if the optimum yield of seed is to be achieved. In order to find the best time to apply nitrogen in the spring when producing grass seed, a number of trials have been carried out in recent years with various grasses. Up to and including 1980, …

Livestock Resources In The World Food Supply, J A. Pino

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

I would like to express my appreciation to the Govern­ing Board of the XIV International Grassland Congress , to Dr. Robert Barnes, its President, and especially to Dr. John E. Baylor, Chairman of the Governing Board of the XIV International Grassland Congress, for the kind in­vitation to speak at this distinguished gathering. I am pleased also to be in the state of Kentucky, a recognized leader in pasture and forage research and practice, a recognition attested to by this Congress . I regret that my own schedule did not allow me to participate in the various scientific and technical sessions …

Grassland Development In Japan And Other Asian Countries, I Nikki

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Only since World War II has attention been directed to grassland injapan. Forage crops were introduced on dairy farms for feeding cattle . Acreages have increased and now equal 15 % of the total field area. Forage crops are second to :rice as a major crop . The New Grassland Law, approved in 1950, has led to "grassland improvement" and development of established pastures. J apa:n, situated in the most northern part of the Asian Monsoon Area, is warm as a rule and has much rainfall. Miscanthus sinen­sis Steud. and Zoysiajaponica Steud. are the dominant representative species of natural grassland. …

Resource Allocation For Animal-Grassland Systems, G W. Thomas

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The production of animal products from grasslands is dependent upon an adequate resource base-particularly the availabil­ity ofland, water, and energy. In addition, range and pasture production systems must be designed to adjust to climatic varia­tions and to minimize adverse environmental impacts. Several new developments will have a significant impact on the future allocation of resources for animal agriculture: (1) in­creased competition for land and water, which is leading to transfers from agricultural to nonagricultural uses; (2) increasing costs and decreasing availability of "cultural energy" (particularly fossil fuels); (3) more pressure to divert grains and feed con­centrates from animals to direct …

Physiological And Morphological Advances For Forage Improvement, J P. Cooper

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Forage production basically involves the conversion of environmental inputs to provide digestible energy and other nutrients for ruminant livestock. The plant breeder needs to consider the seasonal inputs or constraints in his particular environment, the efficiency of the crop in responding to these factors, those features of the plant that contribute to this efficiency, and the degree to which those features can be modified by selection and breeding. Forage production basically involves the conversion of environmental inputs to provide digestible energy and other nutrients for ruminant livestock. The plant breeder needs to consider the seasonal inputs or constraints in his …

Multiple Use Of Grassland Resources (Grasslands To Provide Natural Resource Conservation And A Quality Environment For Mankind), P J. Edwards

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The grasslands of the world ( and communities closely akin to them, such as shrub and savanna types) provide not only a very effective mantle for protection of the soil, but also the main source of feed for herbivores. They also cater to many other needs of mankind. Increasing population results in competition between types of grassland use for specific sites. Sound planning is necessary to resolve this conflict in the way most beneficial to mankind. In order to plan logically it is necessary to make an inventory of the resources, to consider the various uses to which grasslands can …

Nitrogen Relationships In Grassland Ecosystems, A Lazenby

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Some recent findings affecting nitrogen (N) cycling in grassland ecosystems are discussed, and an indication is given of major problems requiring research and development. The importance of modern techniques is stressed to enable further quantification of the pathways and processes of the nutrient in grassland; such data are needed both to improve understanding and to enable more efficient use of N in practice. A brief description of the N in soil organic matter is followed by an account of symbiotic N fixation by legumes, including estimated levels and rates of fixation and factors affecting the process. Data are presented on …

Practical Livestock-Forage Systems: Model To Manager, R W. Brougham

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The developments in practical livestock-forage systems research during this century are outlined, and present-day approaches are discussed. Some examples of production levels presently being obtained from research stations, top farmers, and average farmers in different regions of the world are presented. These indicate that production levels being obtained from livestock­forage systems research remain appreciably higher than levels being obtained from the best farmers. Comments are made on the many different research techniques used to demonstrate these levels in both developed and developing countries. The value of this type of research to the farm adviser and farmer is also noted. Some …

Contribution Of Forages To Worldwide Food Production: Now And In The Future, E F. Henzell

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Herbivorous livestock provided during the 1970s an estimated minimum 7%-17% of the total dietary protein in Asia and Africa compared with about 30 % in Latin America and just over 30 % in the developed countries. Cattle accounted for approx­imately 70% of the world's domestic animals (calculated in units weighted for size), buffaloes for 10%, and sheep and goats for 11 % . About 69 % of these animal units were in the developing countries, but productivity was higher in the developed coun­tries. Forages, defined broadly to include all edible plant materials except grains and concentrates, provided more than 90% …

Potential Productivity Of Temperate And Tropical Grassland Systems, G O. Mott

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grasses of temperate regions of the world belong primarily to the subfamily Festucoideae, whereas tropical regions are populated by tribes of the Panicoideae subfamily. Temperate grasses have a C3 biochemical pathway of photosynthesis in con­trast to tropical grasses, which have a C4 photosynthetic mechan-ism. Both tropical and temperate legumes are C3 plants. Com­patible mixtures of legumes and grasses have long been successful in many temperate regions, but combining C4 grasses and C3 legumes as mixtures in the tropics has been only moderately successful. Maximum net primary productions of temperate and tropical grasslands are in the order of 25 and 80 …

Use Of Genetic Resources For Improvement Of Forage Species, J R. Harlan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The use of genetic resources of forage species poses some special problems because of the number of species involved, the in­adequacy of our knowledge about them, the fact that they are often used in combination and should be evaluated in terms of livestock product, and so on. Collections should be as comprehensive as possible at the outset of improvement programs; other­wise, there may be much use of inferior material and much waste of time and effort. Most of the forage species in use come from (1) Europe (excluding Mediterranean zones), (2) Mediterranean Basin and Near East, (3) African savannas (mostly …

Forage Quality: Assessing The Plant-Animal Complex, D J. Minson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

At the VI International Grassland Congress held at Pennsylvania State College in 1952, the late Dr. C.P. McMeekan re­viewed the many problems associated with the plant-animal complex. Great stress was placed on the need to measure forage in­take accurately as a prerequisite to an under-standing of the plant-animal complex. Progress in the development of more accurate :methods of estimating the forage intake of grazing animals is reviewed, in­cluding the introduction of different methods of administering chromic oxide, the esophageal fistula for obtaining samples of selectively grazed material, the in-vitro technique for estimating the digestibility of the forage eaten, and the …

Competitive, Adaptive, And Evolutionary Process In Grassland Ecosystems, B D. Patil

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In the tropics, grasslands or grazing lands are found where the forest vegetation climax has been subjected to fire, grazing, felling, or other disturbances. Grazing lands in the tropics form various ecosystems under the major climatic types. Delineation of such ecosystems is possible through remnants of the climax vegetation of undisturbed or least-disturbed areas. Several subecosystems exist as seral stages under each ecosystem, the floristic composition of which is a reflection of the edaphic and soil­moisture-fertility conditions. Biological production in terms of energy for grazing animals varies among these ecosystems and subecosystems. Reconstruction of the adaptable competitive flora with woody …

Does Patient History Influence Capsular Contracture? An Exploratory Analysis With Machine Learning, Thomas M. Johnstone, Daniel Najafali, Jennifer K. Shaw, Justin M. Camacho, Chancellor Johnstone, Rahim S. Nazerali, Gordon K. Lee

Faculty Publications

Background: Capsular contracture (CC) is a frequent and distressing complication of breast augmentation and reconstruction. Although numerous patient-, surgical-, and implant-related risk factors have been proposed, reliable population-level predictors remain inconsistent across studies. This study evaluates whether administrative medical history, as encoded by ICD and CPT codes, contains sufficient predictive signal to identify patients at risk for CC using machine learning. Methods: Patients were queried from the MerativeTM MarketScan® Research Databases from 2003 to 2017 with CPT codes for implant-based breast reconstruction and augmentation. ICD codes were then used to identify all events and conditions of a patient’s history. Hyperparameter-tuned …

Classical Motion Of Bounded Orbits In Two-Body Problems, Dina F. Stein

Physics and Astronomy Undergraduate Senior Theses

The study of bounded and periodic motion in classical systems is of central importance in celestial mechanics, atomic models, and the theory of integrable systems. Central-force problems are of particular importance due to their rich geometric structure and the existence of conserved quantities that strongly constrain orbital behavior. In this thesis, we investigate the classical motion of bodies subject to two central-force potentials: the inverse-square and the pseudo-harmonic. For each system, explicit solutions for the radial and angular equations of motion are derived and analyzed. The resulting trajectories are classified according to whether they are bounded, unbounded, open, closed, or …

Transportation Deserts And Structural Mobility Access In New York City, John Cruz

Student Theses

This study examines structural mobility access across New York City census tracts by constructing a tract-level Mobility Access Index (MAI) that integrates employment accessibility, hospital accessibility, and first-mile subway walking burden using MTA GTFS transit data, NYC Taxi and Limousine Commission trip records, and US Census American Community Survey demographic estimates. Three OLS regression models, supplemented by Lasso, Elastic Net, and Random Forest specifications, test whether structural access gaps are associated with short-distance connector trip intensity and per-worker connector cost burden. Results show that MAI varies substantially across tracts, with high access concentrated in Manhattan and along major subway corridors. …

Re: Silver Bow Creek Butte Area Npl Site, Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Draft 2025 Groundwater Monitoring Data Summary Report Consent Decree-Civil Action No. Cv 89-039-Bu-She, Josh Bryson, Pioneer Technical Services, Inc.

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Segmented Inner Skull Cavities Of Eothoracosaurus Mississippiensis (Msu 3293), Amy Moe-Hoffman, Renee Clary

Research Data

Dunn-Seiler Museum specimen data:

• Catalog Number: DSM/MSU#3293 HOLOTYPE 
  
• Geographic Locality: Oktibbeha County, MS Rock Hill vicinity 
  
• Geologic Locality: Ripley Formation 
  
• Age: Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)   

Specimen includes Cranium, Mandible, loose teeth, and post-cranial elements.  

1. CT Scan description: The specimen MSU 3293 was scanned at the Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine using a GE LightSpeed VCT (GE Healthcare, Chicago, Illinois, USA; www.gehealthcare.com ) on May 4th 2022, with scan energies of 120kV and 200mA. This produced 1593 images with a slice thickness of 625µm. 
2. 3D models: 3D models of segmented inner skull cavities based on segrmetation of the CT scanned …

Three-Dimensional Shape Cues Affect Human And Artificial Recognition Systems Differently, Mikayla Cutler, Luke D. Baumel, Joseph Tocco, William Friebel, George K. Thiruvathukal, Nicholas Baker Dr.

Computer Science: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Humans and neural networks use shape and texture information differently. While humans weigh shape heavily in their ultimate classification decision, neural networks are more biased towards texture cues. Many tests of shape vs. texture bias have focused on shape recognition from an object’s external contour. However, shape information is also conveyed through internal contours, shading, and attached shadows, especially when an object is viewed from noncanonical perspectives. Using models from ShapeNet, we created datasets of 120,000 texture-substituted images of objects from many viewpoints with and without shading and attached shadows. We tested humans’ and several neural networks’ ability to classify …

Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit Diggings East Final 100% Remedial Design Package Submittal, Josh Bryson

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

The Lorekeeper’S Trial: Teaching Ai Literacy Through Active Learning In The Library Classroom, Taylor Greene, Douglas R. Dechow

Library Articles and Research

How can librarians engage students in critical, hands-on learning about artificial intelligence within the limitations of a one-shot session? At Chapman University, librarians have developed an AI literacy session that integrates ethics and hands-on exploration into workshops and course-embedded sessions. This presentation highlights how to weave AI literacy into information literacy instruction, with a focus on a First-Year Foundations program.

Presenters will discuss their efforts to reach students, staff, and faculty through AI literacy initiatives across campus. They will also demonstrate how the Lorekeeper’s Trial—a research quest inspired by RPGs—transforms AI and information literacy concepts into collaborative challenges. Through a …

Summer Dormancy In Italian Populations Of Dactylis Glomerata L., F Lorenzetti, A Panella, E Falistocco

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Mediterranean types of perennial grasses are winter-growing and summer-dormant, while central and northern European types arc winter-dormant and aummer•growing. Dormancy severely limits the annual production and largely determines the seasonal distribution pattern of the perennial grass. Summer dormancy wa• studied in 81 Italian populations of Dac!)llit glomtTata. L. collected from north (48°N) to south (38°N) on the Italian pt:ninaula. Dormancy was measured at Perugia (43°O5'N) on 60 plant.'i for each population. The percentage of summer-dormant plants was negatively correlated with the mean score for summer growth (r = -0.75**). The results distinguish three main groups of populations with increasing levels …

Growth And Development Of Two Echinochloa Millet Species In A Warm Temperate Climate, D K. Muldoon

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Most summer forage crops fall into either the sorghum or the millet species group. Included in the millet group are two species, Echinochloa utilis and Echinochloa frumentacea, commonly known as Japanese barnyard millet and Indian barnyard millet, respectively. These species have a negligible HCN potential and higher nutritive value than Sorghum species. However, they generally flower early, yield less than forage sorghum , and lack vigor in regrowth. In this study the pattern of growth and development of two Echinochloa millets was examined as part of a larger program of improving the production of these forage species. E. utilis …

Test Adaptation And Evaluation Trials Of Forage Plants In Major Ecological Regions Of Ethiopia And Kenya, K M. Ibrahim, A Orodho

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Kenyan and Ethiopian natural grazing Ian.cl. support more than 20% of the cattle population of the African continent. Many of the natural pastures of these countries are severely overgrazed, as unfavorable grazing conditions prevail for over half the year. Objectives of adaptation trials were to evaluate and identify introduced or indigenous forage and fodder species or ecotypes having genetic potential for high production of digestible dry matter for direct pasture and range improvement and for future use in breeding programs. Over 4,000 indigenous and 3,000 introduced ecotypes were evaluated for 24 vegetative characters in six ecological regions between 1971 and …