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Articles 30601 - 30630 of 294412

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Large Language Model For Vulnerability Detection: Emerging Results And Future Directions, Xin Zhou, Ting Zhang, David Lo Apr 2024

Large Language Model For Vulnerability Detection: Emerging Results And Future Directions, Xin Zhou, Ting Zhang, David Lo

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Previous learning-based vulnerability detection methods relied on either medium-sized pre-trained models or smaller neural networks from scratch. Recent advancements in Large Pre-Trained Language Models (LLMs) have showcased remarkable few-shot learning capabilities in various tasks. However, the effectiveness of LLMs in detecting software vulnerabilities is largely unexplored. This paper aims to bridge this gap by exploring how LLMs perform with various prompts, particularly focusing on two state-of-the-art LLMs: GPT-3.5 and GPT-4. Our experimental results showed that GPT-3.5 achieves competitive performance with the prior state-of-the-art vulnerability detection approach and GPT-4 consistently outperformed the state-of-the-art.

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Code Search Is All You Need? Improving Code Suggestions With Code Search, Junkai Chen, Xing Hu, Zhenhao Li, Cuiyun Gao, Xin Xia, David Lo Apr 2024

Code Search Is All You Need? Improving Code Suggestions With Code Search, Junkai Chen, Xing Hu, Zhenhao Li, Cuiyun Gao, Xin Xia, David Lo

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Modern integrated development environments (IDEs) provide various automated code suggestion techniques (e.g., code completion and code generation) to help developers improve their efficiency. Such techniques may retrieve similar code snippets from the code base or leverage deep learning models to provide code suggestions. However, how to effectively enhance the code suggestions using code retrieval has not been systematically investigated. In this paper, we study and explore a retrieval-augmented framework for code suggestions. Specifically, our framework leverages different retrieval approaches and search strategies to search similar code snippets. Then the retrieved code is used to further enhance the performance of language …

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Greening Large Language Models Of Code, Jieke Shi, Zhou Yang, Hong Jin Kang, Bowen Xu, Junda He, David Lo Apr 2024

Greening Large Language Models Of Code, Jieke Shi, Zhou Yang, Hong Jin Kang, Bowen Xu, Junda He, David Lo

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Large language models of code have shown remarkable effectiveness across various software engineering tasks. Despite the availability of many cloud services built upon these powerful models, there remain several scenarios where developers cannot take full advantage of them, stemming from factors such as restricted or unreliable internet access, institutional privacy policies that prohibit external transmission of code to third-party vendors, and more. Therefore, developing a compact, efficient, and yet energy-saving model for deployment on developers' devices becomes essential.To this aim, we propose Avatar, a novel approach that crafts a deployable model from a large language model of code by optimizing …

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Ps3: Precise Patch Presence Test Based On Semantic Symbolic Signature, Qi Zhan, Xing Hu, Zhiyang Li, Xin Xia, David Lo, Shanping Li Apr 2024

Ps3: Precise Patch Presence Test Based On Semantic Symbolic Signature, Qi Zhan, Xing Hu, Zhiyang Li, Xin Xia, David Lo, Shanping Li

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

During software development, vulnerabilities have posed a significant threat to users. Patches are the most effective way to combat vulnerabilities. In a large-scale software system, testing the presence of a security patch in every affected binary is crucial to ensure system security. Identifying whether a binary has been patched for a known vulnerability is challenging, as there may only be small differences between patched and vulnerable versions. Existing approaches mainly focus on detecting patches that are compiled in the same compiler options. However, it is common for developers to compile programs with very different compiler options in different situations, which …

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Coca: Improving And Explaining Graph Neural Network-Based Vulnerability Detection Systems, Sicong Cao, Xiaobing Sun, Xiaoxue Wu, David Lo, Lili Bo, Bin Li, Wei Liu Apr 2024

Coca: Improving And Explaining Graph Neural Network-Based Vulnerability Detection Systems, Sicong Cao, Xiaobing Sun, Xiaoxue Wu, David Lo, Lili Bo, Bin Li, Wei Liu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Recently, Graph Neural Network (GNN)-based vulnerability detection systems have achieved remarkable success. However, the lack of explainability poses a critical challenge to deploy black-box models in security-related domains. For this reason, several approaches have been proposed to explain the decision logic of the detection model by providing a set of crucial statements positively contributing to its predictions. Unfortunately, due to the weakly-robust detection models and suboptimal explanation strategy, they have the danger of revealing spurious correlations and redundancy issue.In this paper, we propose Coca, a general framework aiming to 1) enhance the robustness of existing GNN-based vulnerability detection models to …

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Ppt4j: Patch Presence Test For Java Binaries, Zhiyuan Pan, Xing Hu, Xin Xia, Xian Zhan, David Lo, Xiaohu Yang Apr 2024

Ppt4j: Patch Presence Test For Java Binaries, Zhiyuan Pan, Xing Hu, Xin Xia, Xian Zhan, David Lo, Xiaohu Yang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The number of vulnerabilities reported in open source software has increased substantially in recent years. Security patches provide the necessary measures to protect software from attacks and vulnerabilities. In practice, it is difficult to identify whether patches have been integrated into software, especially if we only have binary files. Therefore, the ability to test whether a patch is applied to the target binary, a.k.a. patch presence test, is crucial for practitioners. However, it is challenging to obtain accurate semantic information from patches, which could lead to incorrect results.In this paper, we propose a new patch presence test framework named Ppt4J …

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Streamlining Java Programming: Uncovering Well-Formed Idioms With Idiomine, Yanming Yang, Xing Hu, Xin Xia, David Lo, Xiaohu Yang Apr 2024

Streamlining Java Programming: Uncovering Well-Formed Idioms With Idiomine, Yanming Yang, Xing Hu, Xin Xia, David Lo, Xiaohu Yang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Code idioms are commonly used patterns, techniques, or practices that aid in solving particular problems or specific tasks across multiple software projects. They can improve code quality, performance, and maintainability, and also promote program standardization and reuse across projects. However, identifying code idioms is significantly challenging, as existing studies have still suffered from three main limitations. First, it is difficult to recognize idioms that span non-contiguous code lines. Second, identifying idioms with intricate data flow and code structures can be challenging. Moreover, they only extract dataset-specific idioms, so common idioms or well-established code/design patterns that are rarely found in datasets …

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Deep Reinforcement Learning For Dynamic Algorithm Selection: A Proof-Of-Principle Study On Differential Evolution, Hongshu Guo, Yining Ma, Zeyuan Ma, Jiacheng Chen, Xinglin Zhang, Zhiguang Cao, Jun Zhang, Yue-Jiao Gong Apr 2024

Deep Reinforcement Learning For Dynamic Algorithm Selection: A Proof-Of-Principle Study On Differential Evolution, Hongshu Guo, Yining Ma, Zeyuan Ma, Jiacheng Chen, Xinglin Zhang, Zhiguang Cao, Jun Zhang, Yue-Jiao Gong

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Evolutionary algorithms, such as differential evolution, excel in solving real-parameter optimization challenges. However, the effectiveness of a single algorithm varies across different problem instances, necessitating considerable efforts in algorithm selection or configuration. This article aims to address the limitation by leveraging the complementary strengths of a group of algorithms and dynamically scheduling them throughout the optimization progress for specific problems. We propose a deep reinforcement learning-based dynamic algorithm selection framework to accomplish this task. Our approach models the dynamic algorithm selection a Markov decision process, training an agent in a policy gradient manner to select the most suitable algorithm according …

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Concretely Mapped Symbolic Memory Locations For Memory Error Detection, Haoxin Tu, Lingxiao Jiang, Jiaqi Hong, Xuhua Ding, He Jiang Apr 2024

Concretely Mapped Symbolic Memory Locations For Memory Error Detection, Haoxin Tu, Lingxiao Jiang, Jiaqi Hong, Xuhua Ding, He Jiang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Memory allocation is a fundamental operation for managing memory objects in many programming languages. Misusing allocated memory objects (e.g., buffer overflow and use-after-free) can lead to catastrophic consequences. Symbolic execution-based approaches are often used to detect such memory errors, leveraging their capabilities in automatic path exploration and test case generation. However, existing symbolic execution engines face significant limitations in modeling dynamic memory layouts. These engines either represent memory object locations as concrete addresses, limiting analyses to specific address layouts and missing errors that occur at special addresses, or represent locations as simple symbolic variables without sufficient constraints, resulting in memory …

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Adaptive Content-Aware Influence Maximization Via Online Learning To Rank, Konstantinos Theocharidis, Panagiotis Karras, Manolis Terrovitis, Spiros Skiadopoulos, Hady Wirawan Lauw Apr 2024

Adaptive Content-Aware Influence Maximization Via Online Learning To Rank, Konstantinos Theocharidis, Panagiotis Karras, Manolis Terrovitis, Spiros Skiadopoulos, Hady Wirawan Lauw

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

How can we adapt the composition of a post over a series of rounds to make it more appealing in a social network? Techniques that progressively learn how to make a fixed post more influential over rounds have been studied in the context of the Influence Maximization (IM) problem, which seeks a set of seed users that maximize a post’s influence. However, there is no work on progressively learning how a post’s features affect its influence. In this article, we propose and study the problem of Adaptive Content-Aware Influence Maximization (ACAIM), which calls to find k features to form a …

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Filter-Based Stance Network For Rumor Verification, Jun Li, Yi Bin, Yunshan Ma, Yang Yang, Zi Huang, Tat‑Seng Chua Apr 2024

Filter-Based Stance Network For Rumor Verification, Jun Li, Yi Bin, Yunshan Ma, Yang Yang, Zi Huang, Tat‑Seng Chua

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Rumor verification on social media aims to identify the truth value of a rumor, which is important to decreasethe detrimental public effects. A rumor might arouse heated discussions and replies, conveying differentstances of users that could be helpful in identifying the rumor. Thus, several works have been proposedto verify a rumor by modelling its entire stance sequence in the time domain. However, these works ignorethat such a stance sequence could be decomposed into controversies with different intensities, which could beused to cluster the stance sequences with the same consensus. In addition, the existing stance extractors fail toconsider both the impact …

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Hop‑Based Heterogeneous Graph Transformer, Zixuan Yang, Xiao Wang, Yanhua Yu, Yuling Wang, Kangkang Lu, Zirui Guo, Xiting Qin, Yunshan Ma, Tat‑Seng Chua Apr 2024

Hop‑Based Heterogeneous Graph Transformer, Zixuan Yang, Xiao Wang, Yanhua Yu, Yuling Wang, Kangkang Lu, Zirui Guo, Xiting Qin, Yunshan Ma, Tat‑Seng Chua

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The Graph Transformer (GT) has shown significant ability in processing graph-structured data, addressing limitations in graph neural networks, such as over-smoothing and over-squashing. However, the implementation of GT in real-world heterogeneous graphs (HGs) with complex topology continues to present numerous challenges. Firstly, a challenge arises in designing a tokenizer that is compatible with heterogeneity. Secondly, the complexity of the transformer hampers the acquisition of high-order neighbor information in HGs. In this paper, we propose a novel Hop-basedHeterogeneous Graph Transformer (H2Gormer) framework, paving a promising path for HGs to benefit from the capabilities of Transformers. We propose a Heterogeneous Hop-based Token …

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Gender Inequality In The Practice Of International Marine Science : Case Study On The International Council For The Exploration Of The Sea, Ellen Johannesen Apr 2024

Gender Inequality In The Practice Of International Marine Science : Case Study On The International Council For The Exploration Of The Sea, Ellen Johannesen

World Maritime University Dissertations

The UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development aims at transformative change to connect people and the ocean. Innovation necessary for transformational change requires diverse perspectives, therefore women’s perspectives and equal participation are crucial for Ocean science. However, there is widespread evidence of underrepresentation of women especially in governance and decision-making roles. This dissertation aims to critically analyse how gender inequality persists within marine science for the sustainable use of the ocean and to contribute to developing the essential awareness of and strategies for addressing this issue. Using an intergovernmental marine science organisation as a case study, a feminist …

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Analyzing The Influence Of Design And Operating Conditions On Combustion And Emissions In Premixed Turbulent Flames: A Comprehensive Review, Medhat Elkelawy Prof. Dr. Eng., E. A. El Shenawy Prof. Dr., Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi, Ibrahim Ali Mousa Eng., Mohamed M. Abdel-Raouf Ibrahim Dr. Eng. Mar 2024

Analyzing The Influence Of Design And Operating Conditions On Combustion And Emissions In Premixed Turbulent Flames: A Comprehensive Review, Medhat Elkelawy Prof. Dr. Eng., E. A. El Shenawy Prof. Dr., Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi, Ibrahim Ali Mousa Eng., Mohamed M. Abdel-Raouf Ibrahim Dr. Eng.

Journal of Engineering Research

Recently, premixed combustion has dominated the field of combustion research worldwide. The current work is a review that addresses the effects of design and operating regimes on the combustion and emission characteristics of premixed turbulent flames. The study accounts for recent developments aimed at overcoming combustor operability issues that influence emissions and flame stability. Various experimental setups have been utilized in investigations, with results pertaining to performance and emissions concerning premixed turbulent flames. Thus, the objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the effects of swirl vane angles and equivalence fuel-air ratios for tests conducted both …

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Building For Safety: Design Considerations For Refuge Areas In Tall Buildings From Quality Management Perspective, Enass. A. Salama, Heba. M. Gaber, Ahmed. M. Selim Mar 2024

Building For Safety: Design Considerations For Refuge Areas In Tall Buildings From Quality Management Perspective, Enass. A. Salama, Heba. M. Gaber, Ahmed. M. Selim

Journal of Engineering Research

New El Alamein City is one of the largest urban projects in Egypt, and the largest project on the north coast. Tall buildings (super high-rise buildings) are considered the prevailing trend by architectural designers to obtain the maximum view of the Mediterranean Sea. The provision of safety evacuation in emergencies for these buildings’ occupants is a crucial challenge from the Quality management point of view. In contrast, there are no sufficient architectural design guidelines for the tall buildings provided by the Egyptian code for protecting buildings from fire, especially the design of the refuge areas. This study aims to investigate …

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Effect Of Organic Compounds Additives For Biodiesel Fuel Blends On Diesel Engine Vibrations And Noise Characteristics, Medhat Elkelawy Prof. Dr, Eng., Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi Prof. Dr. Eng., E. A. El Shenawy Prof. Dr., Mahmoud Soliman Eng. Mar 2024

Effect Of Organic Compounds Additives For Biodiesel Fuel Blends On Diesel Engine Vibrations And Noise Characteristics, Medhat Elkelawy Prof. Dr, Eng., Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi Prof. Dr. Eng., E. A. El Shenawy Prof. Dr., Mahmoud Soliman Eng.

Journal of Engineering Research

The extensive consumption of petroleum fuel directly correlates with both hazardous exhaust emissions affecting human health and contributing to global warming. Initially, biodiesel fuels were proposed as a viable alternative to address these issues. This perspective finds support in numerous published studies that highlight how the significant catalytic effect of nanoparticles allows for their integration into biodiesel blends, resulting in improved combustion characteristics, reduced exhaust emissions, and enhanced performance. This study investigates the impact of additives on biodiesel fuel properties and its effects on engine performance metrics such as brake power, brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas concentration, engine vibration, and …

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Investigation Into The Impact Of Ammonia Hydroxide On Performance And Emissions In Compression Ignition Engines Utilizing Diesel/Biodiesel Blends, Medhat Elkelawy Prof. Dr, Eng., Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi, Mohammed Osama Elsamadony Dr. Eng., Abdallah Salem Abdalhadi Mar 2024

Investigation Into The Impact Of Ammonia Hydroxide On Performance And Emissions In Compression Ignition Engines Utilizing Diesel/Biodiesel Blends, Medhat Elkelawy Prof. Dr, Eng., Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi, Mohammed Osama Elsamadony Dr. Eng., Abdallah Salem Abdalhadi

Journal of Engineering Research

In recent times, there has been a surge in scientific endeavors aimed at combating global warming. Various methods have been employed to address this issue, including the substitution of fossil fuels with more environmentally sustainable alternatives and the combination of different fuel types. This can be achieved through the integration of innovative injection systems and the simultaneous combustion of alternative fuels alongside fossil fuels, or by modifying fuel injection systems such as in the PCCI, RCCI, or HCCI systems. In a particular research investigation, a blend of ammonia hydroxide and diesel, with volume percentages of 7.5% and 92.5% respectively, was …

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Enhancing Diesel Engine Performance By Directly Injecting Blends Of Ammonium Hydroxide And Including Liquid Petroleum Gas As A Partially Premixed Charge, Medhat Elkelawy Prof. Dr, Eng., Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi, Mohammed Osama Elsamadony Dr. Eng., Abdallah Salem Abdalhadi Mar 2024

Enhancing Diesel Engine Performance By Directly Injecting Blends Of Ammonium Hydroxide And Including Liquid Petroleum Gas As A Partially Premixed Charge, Medhat Elkelawy Prof. Dr, Eng., Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi, Mohammed Osama Elsamadony Dr. Eng., Abdallah Salem Abdalhadi

Journal of Engineering Research

Recently, scientists have made significant strides in addressing or mitigating environmental issues. Researchers have adopted various approaches to tackle these issues, such as replacing fossil fuels with more environmentally friendly alternatives or blending multiple fuel types. This can be achieved by either integrating these two trends through the use of new injection systems and simultaneous combustion of alternative fuels with fossil fuels or by modifying fuel injection systems, exemplified by the PCCI, RCCI, or HCCI systems. Consequently, these methods have proven effective in reducing environmental pollutants, enhancing thermal efficiency, and decreasing specific fuel consumption. In this study, ammonia hydroxide and …

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Experimental Investigation On Combustion And Emission Characteristics Of Co-Combustion Of Pulverized Biomass With Diesel Fuel In An Industrial Burner, Medhat Elkelawy Prof. Dr, Eng., Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi, Ahmed Abou El-Yazied Prof. Dr., Saad El-Malla Dr. Eng. Mar 2024

Experimental Investigation On Combustion And Emission Characteristics Of Co-Combustion Of Pulverized Biomass With Diesel Fuel In An Industrial Burner, Medhat Elkelawy Prof. Dr, Eng., Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi, Ahmed Abou El-Yazied Prof. Dr., Saad El-Malla Dr. Eng.

Journal of Engineering Research

This study presents the combustion and emission results obtained from a laboratory furnace equipped with a 35 kW industrial burner that utilizes co-combustion of pulverized biomass and diesel fuel. The experiment compared the co-combustion of pulverized biomass and diesel fuel with diesel fuel alone. Three different loading ratios of pulverized biomass from residual beet samples were used. Temperatures were measured at various positions inside the furnace to analyze combustion performance. It was observed that increasing the biomass loading ratios led to higher flame temperatures and improved combustion compared to diesel fuel alone. The concentrations of pollutants such as Co, HC, …

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Cfd Study On Two-Phase Flow Patterns In A Pipe With 90º Elbow In Different Operating Conditions, Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi, Mohammed Ahmed Khafagy, E. A. El Shenawy Prof. Dr., Ahmed M. Salem Dr Mar 2024

Cfd Study On Two-Phase Flow Patterns In A Pipe With 90º Elbow In Different Operating Conditions, Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi, Mohammed Ahmed Khafagy, E. A. El Shenawy Prof. Dr., Ahmed M. Salem Dr

Journal of Engineering Research

Recently, CFD has offered a technological solution for modelling multi-phase flow in which we can make endless simulations with reduced expenses and effort in high accuracy results; we shall also mention that experimental studies have limitations for safety considerations when experimenting with flow in high temperature or pressure values or medium nature as in nuclear or chemical flows.In this paper, we used the ANSYS FLUENT CFD program to simulate the two-phase flow in a pipe to study the effect of attaching a 90-degree elbow fitting to the piping system, seeking to find out the change in the pattern and resulting …

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تقنيات الاضاءة الصناعية وتأثيرها فى الفراغ السكنى على السلوك الانسانى, Samah Kamal Elfeky, Walaa Ahmad Nour, Lobna Abdelfatah Agha Mar 2024

تقنيات الاضاءة الصناعية وتأثيرها فى الفراغ السكنى على السلوك الانسانى, Samah Kamal Elfeky, Walaa Ahmad Nour, Lobna Abdelfatah Agha

Journal of Engineering Research

* Lighting is considered of main items in daily life begining from natural Lighting to industrial lighting. with all of it's different shapes . it is considerdone of the most important data that point Blank spaces and works to show architectural spaces, aesthetic values through being sharp and weak, ensure borders show texture or hide Features, suggest wideness, narrowness of space as the most beautiful design don't see beautiful without good lighting which designed carefully.Due to diversity of human activities, architictums spaces and it is wideness. Increased dependence on industrial Lighting to strengthen Job of performance, beauty of internal, external …

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Exploring Human Aging Proteins Based On Deep Autoencoders And K-Means Clustering, Sondos M. Hammad, Mohamed Talaat Saidahmed, Elsayed A. Sallam, Reda Elbasiony Mar 2024

Exploring Human Aging Proteins Based On Deep Autoencoders And K-Means Clustering, Sondos M. Hammad, Mohamed Talaat Saidahmed, Elsayed A. Sallam, Reda Elbasiony

Journal of Engineering Research

Aging significantly affects human health and the overall economy, yet understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms remains limited. Among all human genes, almost three hundred and five have been linked to human aging. While certain subsets of these genes or specific aging-related genes have been extensively studied. There has been a lack of comprehensive examination encompassing the entire set of aging-related genes. Here, the main objective is to overcome understanding based on an innovative approach that combines the capabilities of deep learning. Particularly using One-Dimensional Deep AutoEncoder (1D-DAE). Followed by the K-means clustering technique as a means of unsupervised learning. …

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The Role Of Greenways In Achieving Urban Sustainability For Cities Accordance With The Sustainable Development Goals 2030, Walaa Ahmed Nour Prof, Aya Abdelazim Abdeen, Lobna Agha Prof Mar 2024

The Role Of Greenways In Achieving Urban Sustainability For Cities Accordance With The Sustainable Development Goals 2030, Walaa Ahmed Nour Prof, Aya Abdelazim Abdeen, Lobna Agha Prof

Journal of Engineering Research

The concept of "greenways" emerged to achieve sustainable development in urban areas and to address natural disasters resulting from climate change. This research paper aims to study the role of greenways in achieving urban sustainability and their facilitation in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals for 2030. The paper expounds on the idea and origin of greenways, their benefits, and analyzes some global examples. Furthermore, it categorizes the indicators of greenway design into two types: those with a positive impact and those without an impact on sustainable development goals. Using standardized tools, the relationship between each indicator and sustainable development goals …

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Amethod To Estimate Climate Drivers Ofmaize Yield Predictability Leveraging Genetic-By-Environment Interactions In The Us And Canada, Parisa Sarzaeim, Francisco Munoz-Arriola Mar 2024

Amethod To Estimate Climate Drivers Ofmaize Yield Predictability Leveraging Genetic-By-Environment Interactions In The Us And Canada, Parisa Sarzaeim, Francisco Munoz-Arriola

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Throughout history, the pursuit of diagnosing and predicting crop yields has evidenced genetics, environment, and management practices intertwined in achieving food security. However, the sensitivity of crop phenotypes and genetic responses to climate still hampers the identification of the underlying abilities of plants to adapt to climate change. We hypothesize that the PiAnosi and WagNer (PAWN) global sensitivity analysis (GSA) coupled with a genetic by environment (GxE) model built of environmental covariance and genetic markers structures, can evidence the contributions of climate on the predictability of maize yields in the U.S. and Ontario, Canada. The GSA-GxE framework estimates the relative …

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Micrornas In Pancreatic Cancer: Advances In Biomarker Discovery And Therapeutic Implications, Roland Madadjim, Thuy An, Juan Cui Mar 2024

Micrornas In Pancreatic Cancer: Advances In Biomarker Discovery And Therapeutic Implications, Roland Madadjim, Thuy An, Juan Cui

School of Computing: Faculty Publications

Pancreatic cancer remains a formidable malignancy characterized by high mortality rates, primarily attributable to late-stage diagnosis and a dearth of effective therapeutic interventions. The identification of reliable biomarkers holds paramount importance in enhancing early detection, prognostic evaluation, and targeted treatment modalities. Small non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs, have emerged as promising candidates for pancreatic cancer biomarkers in recent years. In this review, we delve into the evolving role of cellular and circulating miRNAs, including exosomal miRNAs, in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targeting of pancreatic cancer. Drawing upon the latest research advancements in omics data-driven biomarker discovery, we also perform a …

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Interactive Effects Of Co2, Temperature, And Nitrate Limitation On The Growth And Physiology Of Marine Cyanobacterium Synechococcus Sp. Ccmp 1334, Alyssa K. Sharbaugh Mar 2024

Interactive Effects Of Co2, Temperature, And Nitrate Limitation On The Growth And Physiology Of Marine Cyanobacterium Synechococcus Sp. Ccmp 1334, Alyssa K. Sharbaugh

LSU Master's Theses

The marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. CCMP 1334 was grown in a continuous culture system on a 12:12 h light:dark cycle at all combinations of low and high pCO2 (400 and 1000 ppmv, respectively), nitrate availability (nitrate-limited and nutrient-replete conditions), and temperatures of 21°C, 24°C, 28°C, 32°C, and 35°C. The maximum median nutrient-replete growth rate was ~1.15 d−1 at 32 –35°C. Median growth rates at 1000 ppmv pCO2 were higher than those at 400 ppmv at all temperatures, but most of the differences were statistically insignificant. Carbon:nitrogen ratios were independent of pCO2 at a fixed relative growth rate but decreased with …

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Climate Change-Associated Declines In Water Clarity Impair Feeding By Common Loons, Walter H. Piper, Max R. Glines, Kevin C. Rose Mar 2024

Climate Change-Associated Declines In Water Clarity Impair Feeding By Common Loons, Walter H. Piper, Max R. Glines, Kevin C. Rose

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Climate change has myriad impacts on ecosystems, but the mechanisms by which it affects individual species can be difficult to pinpoint. One strategy to discover such mechanisms is to identify a specific ecological factor related to survival or reproduction and determine how that factor is affected by climate. Here we used Landsat imagery to calculate water clarity for 127 lakes in northern Wisconsin from 1995 to 2021 and thus investigate the effect of clarity on the body condition of an aquatic visual predator, the common loon (Gavia immer). In addition, we examined rainfall and temperature as potential predictors …

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Auditory Vigilance Decrement In Drivers Of A Partially Automated Vehicle: A Pilot Study Using A High-Fidelity Driving Simulator, Luca Brooks, Jeffrey Glassman, Yusuke Yamani Mar 2024

Auditory Vigilance Decrement In Drivers Of A Partially Automated Vehicle: A Pilot Study Using A High-Fidelity Driving Simulator, Luca Brooks, Jeffrey Glassman, Yusuke Yamani

Undergraduate Research Symposium

Vigilance decrement is the decline in the ability to monitor and detect behaviorally important signals over time, a phenomenon that can arise even after 30 minutes of watch (Mackworth, 1948). Recently, McCarley & Yamani (2021) found bias shifts, sensitivity losses, and attentional lapses contribute to vigilance decrement, but when each effect is isolated, there was little evidence that sensitivity loss affected vigilance decrement. With the introduction of partially autonomous vehicles, vigilance decrement may be problematic for drivers who must monitor the autonomous system for failures and takeover requests. Thus, this pilot study aims to extend McCarley and Yamani (2021) and …

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Improving Educational Delivery And Content In Juvenile Detention Centers, Yomna Elmousalami Mar 2024

Improving Educational Delivery And Content In Juvenile Detention Centers, Yomna Elmousalami

Undergraduate Research Symposium

Students in juvenile detention centers have the greatest need to receive improvements in educational delivery and content; however, they are one of the “truly disadvantaged” populations in terms of receiving those improvements. This work presents a qualitative data analysis based on a focus group meeting with stakeholders at a local Juvenile Detention Center. The current educational system in juvenile detention centers is based on paper worksheets, single-room style teaching methods, outdated technology, and a shortage of textbooks and teachers. In addition, detained students typically have behavioral challenges that are deemed "undesired" in society. As a result, many students miss classes …

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Field Testing Of Gamma-Spectroscopy Method For Soil Water Content Estimation In An Agricultural Field, Sophia Becker, Trenton E. Franz, Tanessa Morris, Bailey Mullins Mar 2024

Field Testing Of Gamma-Spectroscopy Method For Soil Water Content Estimation In An Agricultural Field, Sophia Becker, Trenton E. Franz, Tanessa Morris, Bailey Mullins

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Gamma-ray spectroscopy (GRS) enables continuous estimation of soil water content (SWC) at the subfield scale with a noninvasive sensor. Hydrological applications, including hyper-resolution land surface models and precision agricultural decision making, could benefit greatly from such SWC information, but a gap exists between established theory and accurate estimation of SWC from GRS in the field. In response, we conducted a robust three-year field validation study at a wellinstrumented agricultural site in Nebraska, United States. The study involved 27 gravimetric water content sampling campaigns in maize and soybean and 40K specific activity (Bq kg−1) measurements from a stationary …

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