Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Towards 5th World Congress Of Biosphere Reserves: Opportunities And Recommended Actions For China, Yijie Xian, Qiang Fang, Ning Liu, Xiangjun Chen, Yan Zhuang, Ding Wang, Qunli Han

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The holding of important international conferences in science and technology can generally bring multiple benefits for the host countries, such as developing strategy in the area of international cooperation. One example comes from the 5th World Congress of Biosphere Reserves due to be held in Hangzhou, China from September 22–27, 2025. This study summarizes the history of previous congresses and the system of Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) in which the congresses are located. Significance of the 5th Congress can be found as increasing the global engagement and international influence of MAB, and advancing the achievement of the United …

Ecological Governance Zoning In Phase Vi Planning Area Of “Three-North” Project, Chunlei Xiao, Boxuan Shang, Qi Lu, Guipeng Cui, Chunyu Song, Xiaosong Li

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The “Three-North” region is distinguished by its extensive expanse, heterogeneous natural conditions, diverse ecosystems, and marked disparities in the intensity of human activities. Effective ecological governance in this area necessitates scientific planning, tailored adaptation to local contexts, and precise policy implementation. The three key initiatives of Phase Six of the “Three-North” project have identified critical areas for engineering-based governance. To achieve comprehensive and scientifically sound governance, it is essential to conduct ecological zoning. This study has systematically delineated and classified terrestrial ecological regions based on the integrity of natural geographical units, the similarity of dominant ecosystems, the spatial heterogeneity of …

Enhancing Integrated Observation Network Of Multi-Spherical Interaction In Zoige Wetland And Source Area Of Yellow River Supports Protection Of Yellow River Water Tower, Xianhong Meng, Lunyu Shang, Zhaoguo Li, Shaoying Wang, Lele Shu, Hao Chen, Lin Zhao, Peixi Su, Yu Zhang, Shihua Lyu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

An integrated observation network for the energy-water-carbon cycle, with the Zoige wetland and grassland as the focus and covering the source area of the Yellow River (YRSR), has been established, which systematically revealed the characteristics of ecosystem evolution and carbon cycle in grassland and wetland ecosystems of the Zoige Plateau from the leaf-community-ecosystem-regional scales and its response mechanism to climate change, and accordingly, the ecological monitoring and restoration techniques for different types of degraded grassland based on the degradation of the alpine grass mattic epipedon were established, which significantly reduced the cost and enhanced the sustainability of the ecological management. …

Do You Say Please Or Thank You To Chatgpt? The Subtle Influence Of Prompt Engineering On Digital Civility, Essraa Nawar

Library Articles and Research

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In the dynamic and rapidly evolving landscape of artificial intelligence, tools like ChatGPT have become integral to our daily digital interactions. These advanced AI systems assist us with a myriad of tasks, from generating text and answering complex questions to providing creative solutions. However, as we engage more frequently with these non-human entities, an intriguing question arises: Are we inadvertently becoming ruder in our digital communications, or are we consciously maintaining our ingrained habits of politeness?"

Digital Technologies Empower Innovative Development Governance Of The Yellow River Basin, Tara Qian Sun, Yingying Jia, Gaozuo Sun, Xixi Zhao, Rongping Mu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The application of digital technologies is the core driving force for innovating traditional development and realizing a leap in productivity. The innovative development governance of the Yellow River Basin is a complex social system, involving economic, social, and ecological aspects. Its key driving force is the profound influence of digital technologies. Focused on how digital technologies empower the innovative development governance of the Yellow River Basin, the development process, problems, and challenges are analyzed at different stages, from the digital Yellow River to the digital twin Yellow River. It is found that the governance of the Yellow River Basin still …

Study On Data Mining Of Hydrogen Energy Policy In China Based On Natural Language Processing Technology, Dongling Huang, Yuan Liu, Xiaoshuai Yuan, Guozhong Jin, Yuanhang Cai, Li Liu, Heng Cao, Wanjun Li, Rui Cai

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC emphasized the importance of “working actively and prudently towards the goals of reaching peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality”, as well as “speeding up the planning and development of a system for new energy sources”. As a green and low-carbon secondary energy source, hydrogen energy has multiple applications in promoting the large-scale and efficient use of renewable energy as well as energy substitution in the field of transportation. It can also accelerate decarbonization in industry, and as such, is an indispensable part of building a new energy system, reaching peak carbon …

Comparative Analysis And Insights Into R&D Mode Of Top Artificial Intelligence Companies In China And The Us, Xiyi Yang, Jia Jia, Xiaoyu Zhou, Shouyang Wang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Artificial intelligence (AI) is currently one of the most prominent fields in the technology industry, with China and the US being two global centers for AI research and development. However, the two countries differ in their development levels of the AI industry. In particular, the emergence of ChatGPT in 2022 has sparked extensive discussions regarding the capabilities and competitiveness of Chinese AI companies. This study analyzes over 120 000 AI invention patents approved in the past five years in both China and the US. Firstly, it constructs a multidimensional index based on AI patent features to identify the top 10 …

Accelerated Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm For Efficient Cluster Head Selection In Wsn, Imtiaz Ahmad, Tariq Hussain, Babar Shah, Altaf Hussain, Iqtidar Ali, Farman Ali

All Works

Numerous wireless networks have emerged that can be used for short communication ranges where the infrastructure-based networks may fail because of their installation and cost. One of them is a sensor network with embedded sensors working as the primary nodes, termed Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), in which numerous sensors are connected to at least one Base Station (BS). These sensors gather information from the environment and transmit it to a BS or gathering location. WSNs have several challenges, including throughput, energy usage, and network lifetime concerns. Different strategies have been applied to get over these restrictions. Clustering may, therefore, be …

Diversity And Evolution Of Nitric Oxide Reduction In Bacteria And Archaea, Ranjani Murali, Laura A. Pace, Robert A. Sanford, Luce M. Ward, Mackenzie M. Lynes, Roland Hatzenpichler, Usha F. Lingappa, Woodward W. Fischer, Robert B. Gennis, James Hemp

Geosciences: Faculty Publications

With the advent of culture-independent techniques for studying environmental microbes, our knowledge of their diversity has exploded, uncovering unique organisms, pathways, and proteins carrying out important processes in the biosphere. Novel biochemical reactions are often proposed based on sequence data, but experimental validation is difficult and rare. In this work, we used environmental sequence data to find enzymes that produce the greenhouse gas N₂O from NO and validated our hypothesis with experiments. These new enzymes likely contribute to global N₂O fluxes and expand the breadth of nitrogen cycling. We also demonstrated that these enzymes evolved multiple …

Evaluation Of An Autonomous Acoustic Surveying Technique For Grassland Bird Communities In Nebraska, Grace E. Schuster, Leroy J. Walston, Andrew R. Little

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Monitoring trends in wildlife communities is integral to making informed land management decisions and applying conservation strategies. Birds inhabit most niches in every environment and because of this they are widely accepted as an indicator species for environmental health. Traditionally, point counts are the common method to survey bird populations, however, passive acoustic monitoring approaches using autonomous recording units have been shown to be cost-effective alternatives to point count surveys. Advancements in automatic acoustic classification technologies, such as BirdNET, can aid in these efforts by quickly processing large volumes of acoustic recordings to identify bird species. While the utility of …

Primary Care Payment Models And Avoidable Hospitalizations In Ontario, Canada: A Multivalued Treatment Effects Analysis., Nibene Habib Somé, Rose Anne Devlin, Nirav Mehta, Sisira Sarma

Epidemiology and Biostatistics Publications

Improving access to primary care physicians' services may help reduce hospitalizations due to Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (ACSCs). Ontario, Canada's most populous province, introduced blended payment models for primary care physicians in the early- to mid-2000s to increase access to primary care, preventive care, and better chronic disease management. We study the impact of payment models on avoidable hospitalizations due to two incentivized ACSCs (diabetes and congestive heart failure) and two non-incentivized ACSCs (angina and asthma). The data for our study came from health administrative data on practicing primary care physicians in Ontario between 2006 and 2015. We employ a …

Implementing 1.5 Millimeter Internal Diameter Columns And A Portable Capillary Column Instrument Into Monoclonal Antibody Analytical Workflows, Benjamin Libert

Theses and Dissertations

Using 1.5 mm inner diameter (i.d.) columns to bridge the gap between routinely used 2.1 mm i.d. columns and capillary bore columns allows for a sequential but significant increase in performance without the need for specialized equipment associated with very low dispersion liquid chromatography (LC) systems. These 1.5 mm i.d. columns balance an increase in sensitivity compared to 2.1 mm i.d. columns (theoretically doubling the time-domain peak area in mass sensitive detectors for the same mass load), while mitigating the efficiency losses due to extra-column dispersion effects that are commonly observed with 1.0 mm i.d. columns. Here, the use of …

Effects Of Differing Radiation Methods On Charge Transport In Polymers, Zachary Gibson, Jr Dennison, Virginie Griseri

Presentations

The mitigation of deleterious arcing and sparking onboard spacecraft depends upon a thorough understanding of the electrical properties of the materials involved. This includes not only understanding steady-state parameters such as dark conductivity, but responses to the space environment as well. For example, radiation-induced conductivity drastically changes the conductivity of a material due to the presence of radiation. However, this change in conductivity diminishes away once the radiation is no longer present. There may also be permanent changes, or aging, in the material properties. The physical processes of aging can be complicated and are often difficult to model. Therefore, empirical …

Reinforcement Learning For Robotic Tasks: Analyzing And Understanding The Learning Process Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence Methods, Brian J. Campana

Theses and Dissertations

As deep reinforcement learning (RL) models gain traction across more industries, there is a growing need for reliable agent-explanation techniques to understand these models. Researchers have developed explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods to help understand these 'black boxes'. While these models have been tested on many supervised learning tasks, there is a lack of examination of how these well these methods can explain hard reinforcement learning problems like robotic control. The sequential nature of learning RL policies and testing episodes create fundamentally different policies over time compared to more traditional supervised learning models. In this thesis, two important questions are …

Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Draft Final Insufficiently Reclaimed Sites Field Sampling Plan (Fsp) Bres No. 181 – Mountain Con-3 Dump, Mike Mcanulty

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

The Glucosylamine Oxidation Pathway Of Vitamin C Recycling, James M. Hempe, Daniel S. Hsia, Arthur Hagar, Larry Byers

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

The proposed glucosylamine oxidation pathway (GOP) is a two-step, intraerythrocyte, thermodynamically favorable nonenzymatic reaction that first binds glucose to the N-terminal valine of beta globin (βVal1) to form a closed-chain glucosylamine that can spontaneously reduce oxidized vitamin C to its antioxidant form. This review summarizes analytical, biochemical and clinical research supporting the existence of the GOP and the surprising hypothesis that βVal1 glucosylamine is a reducing agent that works cooperatively with reduced glutathione to dynamically regulate vitamin C recycling during naturally occurring periods of transiently or chronically elevated blood glucose and oxidant production. Rationale for the existence of the GOP …

Complex Segment Linkage Along The Sevier Normal Fault, Southwestern Utah, Benjamin Surpless, Wanda J. Taylor, Ilsa M. Schiefelbein Kerscher

Earth and Environmental Geosciences Faculty Research

Major normal fault systems are composed of segments that link as displacement accumulates, with linkage zone characteristics that reveal fault zone evolution. The steeply west-dipping Sevier fault zone in southwestern Utah, displays a complex fault network that developed between two long (>10 km), en echelon segments near the town of Orderville. Geologic map data and cross-sections of the transfer zone between the Mt. Carmel segment in the south and the Spencer Bench segment in the north reveal more than ten normal faults and four relay ramps displaying a range of geometries, including two relay ramps that display ramp-parallel folds. …

Thermal Effects On The Voc-Sensitive Polydimethylsiloxane Holographic Gratings, Aleksandra Hernik, Faolan Radford Mcgovern, Patrick Iftime, Izabela Naydenova

Conference Papers

The imperative for monitoring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emerges from their harmful impact on human health when inhaled excessively over a long term. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), valued for its transparency and excellent flexibility, has already been demonstrated as a promising biocompatible and cost-effective transducer for optical VOCs sensing. Moreover, it facilitates further functionalisation with adsorbing materials to enhance sensitivity and selectivity for specific VOCs detection. We fabricated and examined PDMS-based surface diffraction gratings after exposure to selected VOCs, demonstrating different response for polar and non-polar molecules. Investigated gratings were prepared by replicating sinusoidal surface relief structures inscribed in acrylamide photopolymer using …

Synthetic Assembly Of Antibacterial Agents And Metal Chelating Ligands, Zachary Joseph Liveris

Dissertations

The exploitation of chemical synthesis exemplifies the notion of bridging both innovation and curiosity for the strategic assembly of sophisticated molecular infrastructures. By exerting this continuously evolving and versatile tool, synthesis has been applied in the development and influence of a myriad of ligands, biological probes, and persists to direct pharmaceutical innovation and modern medicine alike. Since pathogenic multidrug-resistant (MDR) microbial strains remain to be a persistent threat to both clinical healthcare and society, the need to develop selective and efficacious antibacterial agents that can impede microbe pathogenicity and regulate cellular mortality is paramount. In contrast to pharmaceutical development, organic …

Ct-To-Mri Synthesis For High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy Treatment Planning, Rachel Nicole Gordon

Master's Theses

High-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy is a radiation treatment modality that places radioactive sources directly in cancerous regions. Radiation treatment planning for HDR prostate brachytherapy utilizes both CT and MRI to visualize the path of the radioactive source and the prostate gland, respectively. In this work, we propose GAN-CM, a method for conditional CT-to-MRI translation that is based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). The proposed method uses the typical generator-discriminator design of GANs with a modified generator that incorporates semantic masks obtained from the domain image. The use of semantic masks allows GAN-CM to better capture the anatomical details and tissue characteristics …

Fspde: A Full Stack Plausibly Deniable Encryption System For Mobile Devices, Jinghui Liao, Niusen Chen, Lichen Xia, Bo Chen, Weisong Shi

Michigan Tech Publications

In today’s digital landscape, the ubiquity of mobile devices underscores the urgent need for stringent security protocols in both data transmission and storage. Plausibly deniable encryption (PDE) stands out as a pivotal solution, particularly in jurisdictions marked by rigorous regulations or increased vulnerabilities of personal data. However, the existing PDE systems for mobile platforms have evident limitations. These include vulnerabilities to multi-snapshot attacks over RAM and flash memory, an undue dependence on non-secure operating systems, traceable PDE entry point, and a conspicuous PDE application prone to reverse engineering. To address these limitations, we have introduced FSPDE, the first Full-Stack mobile …

Impact Of Covid-19 On Disaggregate Consumption And Online Retail Sales: Evidence From The Usa, Gulzar Ahmed, Olcay Akman

Spora: A Journal of Biomathematics

This study applies the difference-in-difference technique to analyze the consumption pattern during COVID-19 against pre-COVID-19 years. We analyze the online retail sales before and after COVID-19 using time series and linear regression models. Time series intervention analysis results suggest that COVID-19 has caused a statistically significant change in the mean level of online retail sales share in e-commerce. Using a difference-in-difference approach, we find a 4% decrease in aggregate consumption from March to December 2020 compared to the benchmark period although statistically insignificant. Further, using a fixed effects model with time dummies, we find a nearly 8% significant decrease in …

Risk Of Climate Damage In The Mountain West, 2024, Taylor Volk, Isabelle G. Graham, Ivan Sun, Zachary Billot, Caitlin J. Saladino, William E. Brown Jr.

Environment

This fact sheet examines 2024 data on the estimated annual cost per person of damage to infrastructure, agriculture, and population from climate related disasters for the five Mountain West states of Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. The original report, “States at Greatest Risk of Climate Damage - 2024 Study,” by Jaclyn DeJohn and published by SmartAsset, includes data on climate disaster risk for all 50 states.

Turning Trash Into Treasure: Using Old Optical Spectrometers As Learning Tools In Instrumental Analysis, Ken Overway

Chemistry Faculty Scholarship

Chemical instrumentation is complex and expensive. When an instrument becomes nonfunctional, its pedagogical value remains despite its inability to make measurements. This work presents a laboratory experiment which gives new purpose to old optical spectrometers while building knowledge and confidence of students in their understanding of chemical instrumentation. Students are given a guided tour of spectroscopic instruments, starting from the simplest, and are asked to identify components and draw the optical path of each instrument. Allowing students to look inside of decommissioned instruments gives students a chance to see the differences and similarities of optical spectrometers while reinforcing the form …

Final Residential Metals Abatement Program (Rmap) Quality Assurance Project Plan (Qapp) (Residential Parcels), Pioneer Technical Services, Inc.

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Zeros Of Convex Combinations Of Elementary Families Of Harmonic Functions, Rebekah Ottinger

Theses and Dissertations

Brilleslyper et al. analyzed a one-parameter family of harmonic trinomials, and Brooks and Lee analyzed a one-parameter family of harmonic functions with poles. Each family was explored to find the relationship between the size of the parameter and the number of zeros of the harmonic function. In this thesis, we examine convex combinations of members of these families. We determine conditions under which the critical curves separating the sense-preserving and sense-reversing regions are circular. We show that the number of zeros of a convex combination can be greater than the maximum number of zeros of either part.

Extreme Value Statistics Analysis Of Process Defects In Additive Manufacturing Materials, Ayorinde E. Olatunde, Kristen Hernandez, Austin Ngo, Arafath Nihar, Thomas G. Ciardi, Rachel Yamamoto, Pawan K. Tripathi, Roger H. French, John J. Lewandowski, Anirban Mondal

Faculty Scholarship

Fatigue and fracture studies focused on process defects that occur in Additive Manufacturing (AM) materials have shown that defect populations possess features which are better measured with extreme value statistics (EVS). In AM alloys, defect occurrences increase with material volume. This situation facilitates the need to model process defects in the path of fatigue crack growth with suitable statistical tools, such as EVS, which is more cost-effective when compared to destructive experiments. The application of EVS on defect space features helps determine the difference in defects present on fracture surfaces. As the fatigue quality of any material depends on its …

Specification, Enforcement, And Measurement Of Integrity Policies, Kevin Dennis

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The first step to improving an organization's security posture is to define the organization's security goals. At a technical level, these goals are expressed as security policies. Security policies are predicates over programs, that return true or false if the program adheres to the policy. Defining these policies correctly is thus essential to ensuring the overarching security goals are met, but it is often quite difficult to translate human-oriented goals into their technical policy counterparts. In addition, these policies must be specified so that they are enforceable while minimizing false positives and false negatives. Integrity policies, which specify how data …

Procedural Pre-Training For Visual Recognition, Connor S. Anderson

Theses and Dissertations

Deep learning models can perform many tasks very capably, provided they are trained correctly. Usually, this requires a large amount of data. Pre-training refers to a process of creating a strong initial model by first training it on a large-scale dataset. Such a model can then be adapted to many different tasks, while only requiring a comparatively small amount of task-specific training data. Pre-training is the standard approach in most computer vision scenarios, but it's not without drawbacks. Aside from the cost and effort involved in collecting large pre-training datasets, such data may also contain unwanted biases, violations of privacy, …

Investigation Of The Uv-Resistance Of Photopolymerisable Glass For Space Applications, Luca Sorridente, Tatsiana Mikulchyk, Izabela Naydenova, Kevin Murphy

Articles

The progress of space based scientific research leads to an increasing demand for more efficient and less bulky instruments. Conventional refractive elements make up a critical part of many optical instruments launched into space; however, they can be bulky and heavy. Holographic optical elements are an efficient alternative to replace the conventional optical elements as they are lightweight and can be miniaturized. Current materials typically used for volume holographic optical elements are not robust enough for use in space environment. Recently a promising photopolymerisable glass has been developed using a sol-gel technique, which can provide dry layers suitable for holographic …