Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Studies In Germination And Thousand-Seed Weight In Chicory Cv. Grasslands Puna, W J. Archie, J S. Rowarth, B R. Guy

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A strong, positive correlation was found between 1000-seed weight (TSW) and germination in chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) cv. Grasslands Puna. Low TSW tended to be associated with empty or immature seed; empty seed was associated with exclusion of bees. No significant differences in seed characteristics were found between seeds harvested from different positions (top, middle or bottom third) on the plant. Optimum harvest lime was 4 weeks after peak flowering.

Seed Production Of Plantain (Plantago Lanceolata L.), J S. Rowarth, M P. Rolston, W J. Archie

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Seed development studies showed that seed maturity in plantain (Plantago lanceolata L,) occurred 6 weeks after anthesis; maximum seed yields were obtained 8 weeks after anthesis. This is consistent with the fact that seed heads take approximately 17 days to complete flowering. Fertiliser nitrogen increased plantain seed yield. Time of closing, timing of nitrogen application and different stand densities did not significantly affect seed yield, probably because plantain can adapt to and compensate for the treatments imposed.

Reproductive Initiation, Closing Dates, Nitrogen Requirements And Harvesting Of Smooth Brome Cv. Grasslands Tiki, J S. Rowarth, W J. Archie

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Reproductive initiation, closing dates, nitrogen requirements and optimum harvest time were investigated for seed production of Grasslands Tiki smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss.) in the South Island of New Zealand. Reproductive initiation began in late June, spikelet initiation in mid-September and ear-emergence in mid­October. Seed yield was not affected detrimentally by mowing to 5 cm in mid-September but decreased 24% by mowing in mid-October. Seed yield tended to increase with increasing amounts of N. However, although the highest seed yields were achieved with 50 kg/ha of N in autumn plus I 00 or 150 kg/ha in spring, they did not …

Evaluation Of Non-Thermal Residue-Removal Equipment Used By Willamette Valley Seed Growers As A Substitute For Open-Field Burning, William C. Young Iii, David O. Chilcote, Thomas B. Silberstein

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Recent legislation reducing open-field burning in Oregon has caused many grass seed producers to experiment with non-thermal residue management alternatives. On-farm test sites were selected to evaluate 4 post-harvest residue removal treatments common at 7 locations. Seed yield did not differ significantly when residue management treatments were applied to new stands of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) after harvest of the first seed crop. Control of weeds and volunteer crop seedlings was poorest where increased amounts of crop residue remained on the soil surface.

Sowing Rate And Row Spacing In Pure Stand Establishment Of Smooth Meadowgrass For Seed Production, Trygve S. Aamlid

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Seed production of smooth meadow grass (Poa pratensis L.) cv. Lavang was compared at 3 sowing rates (2.5, 5.0 and l0.0 kg/ha) and at 2 row spacings (16.5 and :n cm), the wider used in conjunction with carbon banding. Results varied between fields according to temperature after planting and the weed content of the soil, but, on average, 5.0 kg/ha proved to be the optimal sowing rate. 33 cm row spacing and carbon banding caused a higher proportion of tillers to develop panicles and gave a higher seed yield with a better weed control in the first and third …

Role Of Galega Seed In Forage Production, H Raig

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effects of different soil types and seeding rates and row spacing on the yield of galega (Galega orientalis) have been determined in long-term trials. Over 10 years al the Estonian Research Institute of Agriculture, IO00-seed weight was 6.7-8.4 g. Ten-yenr average seed yield (kg/hn) was 241, 305 nnd 424 on soils of pH 5.6, 6.0 and 6,3, respectively. Seed yields of galega were about 6 times those of alfalfa in the soil at pH 6.3. Seeding rate and now spacing hnd little effect on seed yields. In south Sakhalin, galega was winter-hardy at - 47°C and survived drought …

Effect Of Paclobutrazol On Seed Yield In The Subtropical Grass Digitaria Eriantha, L Ramirez, J B. Hacker

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Lodging of Digitaria erlantha can reduce seed yield of well-fertilised seed crops. This experiment was designed to assess the effect of the growth retardant paclobutrazol on seed production and its components in a spring crop of D. erialllha cv. Premier. Paclobutrazol decreased lodging, reduced tiller height and weight and tended to increase seed set, seed weight and seeds per panicle. However, it also tended to reduce panicle density. Treatment with 0.75 kg ai/ha applied at initial panicle emergence was optimal, increasing pure seed yield from 305 to 462 kg/ha. Paclobutrazol has potential for increasing seed yield in D. erantlta through …

Seed Shattering In Tall Fescue, Mario Falcinelli

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Seed shattering in many commercial grass seed crops is a serious problem which makes seed harvesting difficult and which is often a major cause of high losses in seed yield. 2880 plants of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) belonging to 48 natural populations collected at sites scattered from northern (46° 10'N) to southern (39°05'N) Italy and 60 plants of the cultivar Fawn were grown in Perugia (Italy) as spaced plants. Al peak anthcsis, 5 panicles from each plant were randomly chosen and 40 days later they were evaluated for seed retention capability. Ten plants, belonging to 9 different populations, …

Achieving Potential Herbage Seed Yields In Species Of Temperate Regions, Franco Lorenzetti

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The potential seed yield (PSY) of a crop is represented by the total number of ovules present at anthesis in a unit area and is very high for nil forage species. However, seed yield or the agricultural realised seed potential (ARSP) is very low especially if compared with major grain crops (e.g., 15% vs 40% of PSY, respectively). The need for obtaining primarily high yield of high quality forage indicates that seed yield should be increased by improving the efficiency of the reproductive system rather than increasing its size. Seed setting and development and seed shattering are the characters to …

Comment Letter For Draft Final Bpsou Quarterly Operations And Maintenance Report Butte Treatment Lagoon System – First Quarter 2024 (Dated June 26, 2024), Emma Rott

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Approval Letter For The Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Revised Draft Final Quarterly Operations And Maintenance Report Butte Treatment Lagoon System – Fourth Quarter 2022 (Dated July 3, 2024), Emma Rott

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

10.21.2024 Orsp Connect, Liz Williamson

ORED Newsletter

Jerry Martin

NIH Grants Process Primer Training

Nature Masterclasses Writing a Review Paper Course

Graph Regularized Sparse L2,1 Semi-Nonnegative Matrix Factorization For Data Reduction, Anthony Rhodes, Bin Jiang, Jenny Jiang

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is an effective algorithm for multivariate data analysis, including applications to feature selection, pattern recognition, and computer vision. Its variant, Semi-Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (SNF), extends the ability of NMF to render parts-based data representations to include mixed-sign data. Graph Regularized SNF builds upon this paradigm by adding a graph regularization term to preserve the local geometrical structure of the data space. Despite their successes, SNF-related algorithms to date still suffer from instability caused by the Frobenius norm due to the effects of outliers and noise. In this paper, we present a new L2,1 SNF algorithm that …

Local Hydroclimate Alters Interpretation Of Speleothem Δ18o Records, E. W. Patterson, V. Skiba, A. Wolf, M. L. Griffiths, D. Mcgee, T. N. Bùi, M. X. Trần, T. H. Đinh, Q. Đỗ-Trọng, Gregory R. Goldsmith, V. Ersek, K. R. Johnson

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Oxygen isotopes (δ¹⁸O) are the most commonly utilized speleothem proxy and have provided many foundational records of paleoclimate. Thus, understanding processes affecting speleothem δ¹⁸O is crucial. Yet, prior calcite precipitation (PCP), a process driven by local hydrology, is a widely ignored control of speleothem δ¹⁸O. Here we investigate the effects of PCP on a stalagmite δ¹⁸O record from central Vietnam, spanning 45 – 4 ka. We employ a geochemical model that utilizes speleothem Mg/Ca and cave monitoring data to correct the δ¹⁸O record for PCP effects. The resulting record …

Manifestations Of Sulfuric Acid Speleogenesis In The Mulapampa Travertine, Central Andes Of Peru: Evidence From The Gruta Con Lago, Andrzej Tyc, Krzysztof Gaidzik, Justyna Ciesielczuk, Katarzyna Wątor

International Journal of Speleology

Sulfuric acid speleogenesis (SAS) is a form of hypogene speleogenesis characterized by the formation of caves in carbonate rocks due to the presence of sulfuric acid. This study focuses on the Gruta con Lago, one of three caves identified in the Mulapampa travertine, located in the central Andes of Peru. These caves are accessed through collapse sinkholes, and much of their morphology results from roof breakdown. The bottom of the studied cave is situated at the current water table. Despite the absence of typical solutional features associated with SAS caves, mineralogical and geochemical evidence of speleogenesis involving H₂SO …

Key Technology Foresight And Policy Recommendation For Information Technology Enabling Smart Justice, Yirong Wu, Shuo Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Fair justice is the last line of defense for maintaining social fairness and justice, and promoting the construction of smart justice is an important means to improve the efficiency and fairness of judicial work. Currently, China’s smart judiciary is in a critical stage of upgrading its intelligence in areas such as investigation, trial, supervision, and judicial execution, empowered by information technology. The application of information technology in national governance faces order dilemmas and security risks, with the establishment of corresponding laws and regulations demonstrating noticeable lag. Designating to meet the demand of information technology supporting the construction of smart justice …

Modern Governance System For Global Sustainable Development Goals, Bojie Fu, Jinghai Li, Junze Zhang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as a key global framework for addressing social, economic, and environmental challenges, have drawn widespread attention due to the slow progress in their implementation. Despite the international community’s high regard for the SDGs, current research predominantly focuses on the assessment of progress and the analysis of interlinkages among the goals, with insufficient discussion on how to improve governance systems aimed at achieving the SDGs. Based on the system classification framework of SDGs, which includes “essential needs”, “objectives,” and “governance” categories, this study develops a governance system for the comprehensive realization of the SDGs. It analyzes …

Accelerating The Development Of Ai-Driven Knowledge Innovation System, Innovation Paradigm Research Group, Chinese Academy Of Sciences

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The world is undergoing a paradigm shift in full-chain innovation driven by AI-powered scientific research, which will give rise to a completely new knowledge innovation system. This profound and comprehensive transformation presents a critical opportunity for China to build an independent knowledge innovation system and a major historical chance to accelerate its development into a science and technology powerhouse. The deep impact of this change stems from AI’s ability to reshape the epistemology and methodology of knowledge innovation, accelerating the iteration of scientific theories and the deep restructuring of knowledge systems. This shift is making the structure of knowledge more …

International Game And Strategic Analysis Of China’S Methane Emission Control, Zixu Su, Xinhe Bao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Against the backdrop of methane emission control becoming a hot spot in global climate governance, China, as a major methane emitter, has committed to announcing its 2035 Nationally Determined Contributions covering all greenhouse gases before COP30, drawing significant attention from the world. In order to systematically analyze the international dynamics and China’s response strategies in methane emission control, this article explains the necessity and urgency of methane mitigation based on the current situation of global methane emission, and also clarifies essential meaning of international game to reveal China’s challenge and opportunity amid the backlash against globalization. Besides, it sorts out …

Carbon Emission Estimation For Computing Infrastructure: Methods, Progress, And Prospects, Xiaohong Chen, Liaoying Cao, Yangjie Wang, Zhuqian He, Wenzhi Cao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

As a foundational pillar of an increasingly digital and intelligent society, computing infrastructure embodies a dual nature—marked by high energy consumption and potential for emission reduction simultaneously. This duality positions it as a critical domain requiring balance under China’s dual-carbon goals. Nevertheless, there remains no clear consensus on methods for estimating its carbon emissions. Its ambiguity stems from differences in the applicability of assessment methods across various lifecycle stages, as well as a fragmented understanding of its intrinsic emissions and enabling effects on carbon mitigation. This study systematically reviews estimation methodologies from both broad and narrow perspectives, highlighting the heterogeneity …

Factors Influencing The Faunal Recolonization Of Restored Thornscrub Forest Habitats, Audrey J. Hicks, Jerald T. Garrett, Christopher A. Gabler

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Tamaulipan thornscrub forests (thornforests) have high ecological and economic values, yet over 90% of these forests have been lost, and they remain threatened, making them a conservation hotspot. For decades, federal, state, NGO, and corporate entities have been acquiring land and actively or passively restoring these forests, but results have been mixed and seldom monitored. This study characterized and quantified faunal communities of restored thornforest habitats in south Texas and examined the relationships between restored faunal communities and key site characteristics and environmental factors. We surveyed and analyzed mammal, bird, Lepidoptera, and herptile communities within 12 restored sites in the …

Conformational Cycle Of A Protease-Containing Abc Transporter In Lipid Nanodiscs Reveals The Mechanism Of Cargo-Protein Coupling, Ruojiing Zhang, Kevin L. Jagessar, University Of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Adithya Polasa, Richard A. Stein, Mahmoud Moradi, Erkan Karakas, Hassane S. Mchaourab

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Protease-containing ABC transporters (PCATs) couple the energy of ATP hydrolysis to the processing and export of diverse cargo proteins across cell membranes to mediate antimicrobial resistance and quorum sensing. Here, we combine biochemical analysis, single particle cryoEM, and DEER spectroscopy in lipid bilayers along with computational analysis to illuminate the structural and energetic underpinnings of coupled cargo protein export. Our integrated investigation uncovers competitive interplay between nucleotides and cargo protein binding that ensures the latter’s orderly processing and subsequent transport. The energetics of cryoEM structures in lipid bilayers are congruent with the inferred mechanism from ATP turnover analysis and reveal …

Enhancing Scenario-Oriented Technology Foresight On Information Technology For Public Governance, Kaihua Chen, Shuo Wang, Chao Zhang, Jie Yang, Xiaoguang Yang, Lei Guo, Yue Hao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

To effectively adapt to the reshaping of public governance concepts, models, and tools driven by the new generation of information technologies represented by artificial intelligence, it is essential to take practical application scenarios as the entry point. Implementing periodic technology foresight on public governance information technologies can promote the integrated development of governance and digital technologies. This is an urgent task for both the public governance and information technology domains. Foresight for information technologies supporting public governance must be oriented toward the demands of complex data-driven and intelligent governance scenarios. It should focus on guiding technological directions with social value, …

Empowering Modernization Of National Emergency Management With New Generation Of Information Technology: Technology Foresight And Policy Recommendations Based On Typical Scenarios, Haibo Zhang, Xinyu Dai, Yi Peng, Yi Liu, Xue Lin, Yongjian Zhu, Wu Chen, Zhen Wu, Xinyue Qin, Depei Qian, Jian Lv

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In the context of the new round of scientific and technological revolution, how to grasp the historical opportunity of supporting the development of the “overall safety and emergency response framework” with the NGIT, and promoting the transformation of the public safety governance to emphasis on prevention, is a pressing issue to be studied. This study focuses on five typical scenarios in emergency management, drawing on multiple rounds of expert interviews and questionnaire surveys to identify a list of critical technologies, analyze future development trends and constraints, and provide references for advancing relevant technological research and development. The study further emphasizes …

Challenges, Countermeasures, And Forward-Looking Technologies For Cyber Society Governance From System Security Perspective, Hongbin Pei, Jingxin Hai, Pinghui Wang, Xiaohong Guan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

With the rapid development and widespread application of artificial intelligence and information technologies, the cyber society has evolved into a new form featuring human-machine integration, mass interaction, and intelligent interconnection. While transforming human life and production, it has also brought security risks such as cyberattacks, privacy breaches, online rumors, and information cocoons, posing serious challenges to social order. Cyber society governance has thus become a key component of national governance modernization. This study proposes the STC governance paradigm from a system security perspective, covering three key dimensions: security (cyber infrastructure security), trustworthiness (credibility of cyber entity identities), and controllability (content …

Key Technology Selection And Countermeasures To Promote Full Lifecycle Data Governance, Yuyao Feng, Hongyun Zhang, Pengfei Wang, Jianping Li, Zongben Xu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

In recent years, the digital economy, driven by data as a critical element, has developed rapidly. Nevertheless, China’s progress in data factorization and valorization is still at a preliminary stage. The data governance system remains underdeveloped, with numerous challenges and technical issues arising in the full lifecycle governance of data, including supply, circulation, application, and security protection. Against this backdrop, this study analyzes the primary technical bottlenecks encountered during the modernization of China’s data governance framework. By employing bibliometric analysis, patent data analysis, Delphi surveys, and expert opinions, a critical technology list to support the modernization of data governance in …

Ecological View And Practice Of Chinese Path To Modernization, Yue Shi, Jiangling Zhu, Jingyun Fang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The Chinese path to modernization is characterized by emphasizing the harmony between humanity and nature. It upholds the principles of respecting, obeying, and protecting nature to achieve a coordinated integration of economic development and ecological conservation. This ecological view stems from China’s modernization practices, aligns with universal principles of modernization, and roots in features that are unique to China. It stresses a correct understanding of the human–nature relationship, the importance of systematic ecological planning and the central role of ecosystems in ecological conservation, and the necessity of following the laws of nature. Drawing on the experiences and lessons from Western …

Upholding “Triple Real” Vision For Ocean Negative Carbon Emissions To Advance Global Climate Governance, Nianzhi Jiao, Chuanlun Zhang, Tingwei Luo, Jihua Liu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Addressing climate change is a formidable challenge for humanity, and achieving the temperature control goals of the Paris Agreement cannot rely solely on greenhouse gas emission reductions—negative emissions are an inevitable solution. The ocean, as the planet’s largest active carbon reservoir, holds immense potential for negative emissions, yet there is no internationally recognized pathway to realize it. The UNESCO-IOC international program of Ocean Negative Carbon Emissions (ONCE) builds on the original theory of the microbial carbon pump (MCP) and integrates known ocean carbon sequestration mechanisms BCMS (standing for biological carbon pump, carbonate counter pump, MCP, solubility carbon pump) to propose …

Quality Infrastructure Empowering Collaborative Innovation In Quantum Information Industry: Mechanism, Demand, And Path, Leilei Zhang, Jian Kang, Zhou He

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Against the backdrop of intensified global competition in quantum information, the synergistic effectiveness of quality infrastructure, as a basic system supporting industrial innovation, is directly related to the industrialization process of quantum technology. At present, subdivided industries such as quantum computing, quantum communication, and quantum precision measurement have begun to take shape, and key technologies and core products have entered a critical period of transition from scientific and technological innovation results to industrialization, and the demand for quality infrastructure is becoming increasingly prominent. This study explores the co-evolution mechanism of quality infrastructure driven by industrial innovation and analyzes the coupling …

Review Of Current Trends In Information Technology Concerning Phonetic Similarity”, Zaid Rajih Mohammed, Ahmed H. Aliwy

Al-Bahir

With the increasing availability of textual information in various languages via the Internet in homes and companies through Internet and intranet services, there is an urgent need for the technologies and tools necessary to process this information, phonetic representation, and voice interaction. For example voice to voice machine translation need to phonetic mapping and similarity among the languages especially for names and foreign words. This one example of the importance of phonetic mapping and similarity. This article aims to describe, in detail, the recent surge in interest and advancements in phonetic similarity (PS), phonetic representation, and phonetic mapping researches. PS …