Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Lr-Auth: Towards Practical Implementation Of Implicit User Authentication On Earbuds, Changshuo Hu, Xiao Ma, Xinger Huang, Yiran Shen, Dong Ma

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The increasing use of earbuds in applications like immersive entertainment and health monitoring necessitates effective implicit user authentication systems to preserve the privacy of sensitive data and provide personalized experiences. Existing approaches, which leverage physiological cues (e.g., jawbone structure) and behavioral cues (e.g., gait), face challenges such as limited usability, high delay and energy overhead, and significant computational demands, rendering them impractical for resource-constrained earbuds. To address these issues, we present LR-Auth, a lightweight, user-friendly implicit authentication system designed for various earbud usage scenarios. LR-Auth utilizes the modulation of sound frequencies by the user's unique occluded ear canal, generating user-specific …

Regulating Adaptive Medical Artificial Intelligence: Can Less Oversight Lead To Greater Compliance?, Jiayi Lai, Liang Xu, Xin Fang, Tinglong Dai

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

As of June 2024, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved 950 medical artificial intelligence (AI) devices. The current regulatory framework freezes AI algorithms after approval, requiring new submissions for updates to ensure compliance with Good Machine Learning Practices (GMLP). This approach imposes a significant administrative burden, while hindering the ability of AI algorithms to learn from new data. To address these challenges, the FDA has explored a novel pathway known as Predetermined Change Control Plans (PCCP), allowing developers to outline future changes during initial submissions and exempting approved changes from regulatory review. Yet, the impact of this …

From Data To Application: Harnessing Big Spatial Data And Spatially Explicit Machine Learning Model For Landslide Susceptibility Prediction And Mapping, Min Naing Khant, Mei Yi Victoria Grace Ann, Tin Seong Kam

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Recent advancements in information and communication technology have significantly enhanced access to extensive geospatial data, presenting a valuable opportunity to leverage big spatial data for improved modeling and predictive capabilities in natural disaster risk assessment. This paper explores the integration of a comprehensive dataset comprising historical landslide events and various geo-environmental variables within a spatially explicit machine learning framework. The study empirically demonstrates that incorporating big spatial data allows a more nuanced understanding of local variations and spatial dependencies. Ultimately, this empirical assessment produces more accurate landslide risk predictions than traditional baseline models. Using Italy’s expansive Valtellina Valley as a …

Revisiting The Conflict-Resolving Problem From A Semantic Perspective, Jinhao Dong, Jun Sun, Yun Lin, Yedi Zhang, Murong Ma, Jin Song Dong, Dan Hao

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Collaborative software development significantly enhances development productivity by enabling multiple contributors to work concurrently on different branches. Despite these advantages, such collaboration often increases the likelihood of causing conflicts. Resolving these conflicts brings huge challenges, primarily due to the necessity of comprehending the differences between conflicting versions. Researchers have explored various automatic conflict resolution techniques, including unstructured, structured, and learning-based approaches. However, these techniques are mostly heuristic-based or black-box in nature, which means they do not attempt to solve the root cause of the conflicts, i.e., the existence of different program behaviors exhibited by the conflicting versions.In this work, we …

Hi3d: Pursuing High-Resolution Image-To-3d Generation With Video Diffusion Models, Haibo Yang, Yang Chen, Yingwei Pan, Ting Yao, Zhineng Chen, Chong-Wah Ngo, Tao Mei

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Despite having tremendous progress in image-to-3D generation, existing methods still struggle to produce multi-view consistent images with high-resolution textures in detail, especially in the paradigm of 2D diffusion that lacks 3D awareness. In this work, we present High-resolution Image-to-3D model (Hi3D), a new video diffusion based paradigm that redefines a single image to multi-view images as 3D-aware sequential image generation (i.e., orbital video generation). This methodology delves into the underlying temporal consistency knowledge in video diffusion model that generalizes well to geometry consistency across multiple views in 3D generation. Technically, Hi3D first empowers the pre-trained video diffusion model with 3D-aware …

Multimodal Misinformation Detection By Learning From Synthetic Data With Multimodal Llms, Fengzhu Zeng, Wenqian Li, Wei Gao, Yan Pang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Detecting multimodal misinformation, especially in the form of image-text pairs, is crucial. Obtaining large-scale, high-quality real-world fact-checking datasets for training detectors is costly, leading researchers to use synthetic datasets generated by AI technologies. However, the generalizability of detectors trained on synthetic data to real-world scenarios remains unclear due to the distribution gap. To address this, we propose learning from synthetic data for detecting real-world multimodal misinformation through two model-agnostic data selection methods that match synthetic and real-world data distributions. Experiments show that our method enhances the performance of a small MLLM (13B) on real-world fact-checking datasets, enabling it to even …

Scoping Software Engineering For Ai: The Tse Perspective, Sebastián Uchitel, Marsha Chechik, Massimiliano Di Penta, Bram Adams, Nazareno Aguirre, Gabriele Bavota, Domenico Bianculli, Kelly Blincoe, Ana Cavalcanti, Yvonne Dittrich, Filomena Ferrucci, Rashina Hoda, Liguo Huang, David Lo, Et Al.

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In recent years, important advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI), and, in particular, in Machine Learning (ML), including Deep Learning (DL) and Large Language Models (LLMs), have caused a substantial increase of submissions to all Software Engineering (SE) venues (conferences and journals) related to SE with and for AI. They are commonly referred to as AI for SE and SE for AI.

Large Language Models For Software Engineering: A Systematic Literature Review, Xinyi Hou, Yanjie Zhao, Yue Liu, Zhou Yang, Kailong Wang, Li Li, Xiapu Luo, David Lo, John Grundy, Haoyu Wang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly impacted numerous domains, including Software Engineering (SE). Many recent publications have explored LLMs applied to various SE tasks. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of the application, effects, and possible limitations of LLMs on SE is still in its early stages. To bridge this gap, we conducted a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on LLM4SE, with a particular focus on understanding how LLMs can be exploited to optimize processes and outcomes. We selected and analyzed 395 research articles from January 2017 to January 2024 to answer four key Research Questions (RQs). In RQ1, we categorize different LLMs …

Molecular Dynamics Investigation Of The Influenza Hemagglutinin Conformational Changes In Acidic Ph, Shadi A. Badiee, Vivek Govind Kumar, Mahmoud Moradi

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

The surface protein hemagglutinin (HA) of the influenza virus plays a pivotal role in facilitating viral infection by binding to sialic acid receptors on host cells. Its conformational state is pH-sensitive, impacting its receptor-binding ability and evasion of the host immune response. In this study, we conducted extensive equilibrium microsecond-level all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the HA protein to explore the influence of low pH on its conformational dynamics. Specifically, we investigated the impact of protonation on conserved histidine residues (H106₂) located in the hinge region of HA2. Our analysis encompassed comparisons between nonprotonated (NP), partially protonated …

The Near Normality Of The Commutant Of A Moufang Loop, Evan Phillips

All NMU Master's Theses

We investigate conditions under which the commutant of a Moufang loop is normal and related topics. We begin by giving relevant background on Moufang loops and normality. We then prove a theorem showing how close the commutant is to being normal: cR(x, y)R(x, y)R(x, y) = c. We then prove a couple of theorems emphasizing the importance of cubes in Moufang loops. Finally we prove a decomposition theorem for the multiplication group of a finite commutative Moufang loop.

Topology And The Quantum Hall Effects, Paul Bracken

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

The quantum Hall effects are an excellent example of physical systems where topology plays a major role in accounting for the physical observations. It is shown that the conductivity that appears in the quantum Hall effect is a topological invariant. It is illustrated how a fiber bundle over a torus can be constructed producing a geometry in which the system can be referred. The fractional effect can be studied by introducing homotopy and associated braid groups. Filling fractions can be obtained as a consequence of commensurability relations.

Unlocking Potential: Analyzing The Content, Style, Structure, And Interactivity Of Mesonets As Operational Dashboards, Savannah Olivas, Jeannette Sutton, Michele K. Olson

Emergency Preparedness, Homeland Security, and Cybersecurity Faculty Scholarship

Emergency managers need data and information to make life-saving decisions on behalf of the public. Operational dashboards, if designed appropriately, can provide this information in a central location and reduce cognitive demands during decision-making. Mesonet websites can serve as a type of operational dashboard that has the potential to provide the meteorological data necessary for emergency managers to make decisions. In this study, we use quantitative content analysis to examine the content, style, structure, and interactivity of 18 Mesonet websites from across the contiguous United States. We find that Mesonet websites vary in the type and amount of content they …

Urban H: Housing, Heat, And Health, Loretta Lees

Asian Management Insights

Future policy needs to triangulate the ‘triple-H’ to help marginalised urban populations.

1. The urban heat island effect generates disproportionately high temperatures in urban settlements compared to non-urban ones, leading to increased heat-related illnesses and mental health issues, especially among vulnerable and marginalised populations living in poorly-planned or -resourced areas.

The Urban-H research agenda by Boston University’s Initiative on Cities focuses on the interconnected effects of housing, heat, and health (triple-H) to develop a resilience index for cities.

3. The proposed global Urban-H Index could help cities worldwide address the triple-H crisis by guiding policymakers to craft equitable, as well …

Our Roads Are Choking Us, Mark Stevenson, Ferdinand Balfoort, Darius Balfoort

Asian Management Insights

Re-imagining transport systems to cut carbon emissions and drive climate change.

1. The global transport sector, particularly road transport, contributes significantly to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and air pollution, causing serious health issues like respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, especially in highly urbanised areas.

2. In-vehicle telematics and smartphone apps that provide emission feedback can help incentivise drivers to adopt sustainable driving habits. A global carbon credit market can help achieve the same goal by letting individuals and companies monetise their emission reduction.

3. Transitioning to electric vehicles and micro- mobility solutions, with the support of proper infrastructure and regulations, …

Urban Sustainability: The Singapore Experience, Chuan Seng Lee

Asian Management Insights

The importance of green buildings, the circular economy, and zero waste.
Lee Chuan Seng, Chairman of the National Environment Agency (NEA) and founding President of the Singapore Green Building Council (SGBC), shares insights on urban sustainability. He emphasizes the significance of green buildings, the circular economy, and achieving zero waste. Lee also discusses strategies to promote the reduction and reuse of materials in the built environment, contributing to Singapore's leadership in sustainable urban development.

Power Shift: Steering The Energy Sector Towards A Net Zero Future, Tengku Muhammad Taufik

Asian Management Insights

Tengku Muhammad Taufik, President and Group CEO of PETRONAS, discusses how the global energy company navigates an increasingly volatile energy market while advancing its commitment to a Net Zero future. Balancing traditional operations with the demands of an accelerated energy transition, PETRONAS focuses on delivering energy to its stakeholders while meeting sustainability expectations. The company adopts frontier technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) as key enablers in its strategy to achieve a sustainable and resilient energy future.

Adopt-A-Trap To Help Detect European Wasps, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Biosecurity factsheets

Early detection of European wasp is important to prevent the spread and establishment of nests, and the Adopt-a-trap program is a key part of annual European wasp surveillance.

The department intensively traps the highest risk areas of the state, but the Adopt-a-trap program can extend surveillance beyond these areas and into the regions to enhance community surveillance.

The trapping method used in the Adopt-a-trap program is very successful in catching European wasps. They address the wasps’ sense of smell and foraging habits to find food. Trapped wasps are useful in alerting us to the presence of a nearby nest — …

Rabbit Control: Warren And Harbourage Destruction, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Biosecurity factsheets

If correctly and appropriately undertaken, the destruction of rabbit warrens, or modification of the habitat so it becomes less favourable to rabbits, can be an important and effective part of reducing the impacts of rabbits.

Destruction of warrens can improve the overall effectiveness of rabbit control programs, even though many rabbits live and shelter above-ground under bushes, and in scrub). If undertaken properly, the ripping of rabbit warrens can often provide a relatively permanent and long-term benefit. Similarly, removing or modifying other forms of rabbit-harbourage (for example, removing rock piles) can help, particularly in semi-urban areas or on smallholdings.

Rabbit Fencing To Protect Crops And Pastures, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Biosecurity factsheets

This factsheet outlines the use of fencing to protect crops and pasture from rabbits.

Rabbits cause an estimated loss of $217 million each year to Australian agricultural production and cause significant environmental damage. In Western Australia (WA), areas of native vegetation, particularly on sandy ridges that would otherwise be subject to wind erosion, have been retained on farms. Bush remnants are a major refuge habitat for rabbits, which can cause considerable damage to nearby pastures and crops. A measure of rabbit control can be achieved by poisoning around bush remnants in late summer or autumn, prior to seeding. To be …

Yellow Crazy Ant, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Biosecurity factsheets

Yellow crazy ants (Anoplolepis gracilipes) are believed to be native to west Africa or Asia. They are not present in Western Australia (WA) and are prohibited.

Yellow crazy ants were first observed in Australia in the early 1900’s on the Cocos-Keeling Islands and Christmas Island, where they have now caused a massive decline in the population of iconic red crabs. More recently, they have been recorded in Queensland, the Northern Territory (NT), and New South Wales (NSW).

Gorse And Its Control, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Biosecurity factsheets

Gorse (Ulex europaeus) is a declared pest in Western Australia (WA). This factsheet describes the nature of the plant with links to requirements that landowners/occupiers must adhere to, pest control methods and how to search, detect and report it.

Gorse is a Weed of National Significance (WoNS) present in Australian states and the Australian Capital Territory; it is not present in the Northern Territory. Gorse is a declared pest plant in WA.

European Wasp: Declared Pest, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Biosecurity factsheets

The European wasp is one of the worst wasps in the world — harmful to people, outdoor lifestyles, and horticultural and agricultural industries. Early detection of wasp activity is critical to prevent the wasp establishing in Western Australia (WA). This is achieved via collaboration between residents, businesses, industry, and government.

European Wasp Information For Local Government, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Biosecurity factsheets

The department’s European wasp surveillance and eradication program is a yearly campaign, aimed at detecting the presence of this destructive pest as early as possible so that nests can be found and eradicated.

The continued success of European wasp surveillance and eradication program relies on surveillance in metropolitan Perth and regional areas, strong community awareness, and participation between residents, business owners, community groups, industry, and government.

Analysis Of The Emission And Morphology Of The Pulsar Wind Nebula Candidate Hawc J2031+415, R. Alfaro, C. Alvarez, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, D. Avila Rojas, H. A.Ayala Solares, R. Babu, E. Belmont-Moreno, K. S. Caballero-Mora, T. Capistrán, A. Carramiñana, S. Casanova, U. Cotti, J. Cotzomi, S. Coutiño De León, E. De La Fuente, C. De León, D. Depaoli, N. Di Lalla, R. Diaz Hernandez, B. L. Dingus, M. A. Duvernois, J. C. Diaz-Velez, K. Engel, T. Ergin, C. Espinoza, K. L. Fan, N. Fraija, J. A. Garcia-Gonzalez, M. M. Gonzalez, J. A. Goodman, S. Groetsch, J. P. Harding, S. Hernandez-Cadena, I. Herzog, D. Huang, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, P. Huntemeyer, A. Iriarte, S. Kaufman, J. Lee, H. Leon Vargas, A. L. Longinotti, G. Luis-Raya, K. Malone, J. Martinez-Castro, J. A. Matthews, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, J. A. Montes, E. Moreno, M. Mostafa, M. Najafi, L. Nellen, M. Newbold, M. U. Nisa, R. Noriega-Papaqui, Y. Perez Araujo, E. G. Perez-Perez, C. D. Rho, D. Rosa-Gonzalez, E. Ruiz-Velasco, H. Salazar, A. Sandoval, D. Salazar-Gallegos, M. Schneider, J. Serna-Franco, A. J. Smith, Y. Son, R. W. Springer, O. Tibolla, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, R. Torres-Escobedo, R. Turner, F. Urena-Mena, E. Varela, L. Villasenor, Xiaojie Wang, Zhen Wang, I. J. Watson, S. Yu, S. Yun-Carcamo, H. Zhou

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The first TeV γ-ray source with no lower energy counterparts, TeV J2032+4130, was discovered by HEGRA. It appears in the third HAWC catalog as 3HWC J2031+415 and it is a bright TeV γ-ray source whose emission has previously been resolved as two sources: HAWC J2031+415 and HAWC J2030+409. While HAWC J2030+409 has since been associated with the Fermi Large Area Telescope Cygnus Cocoon, no such association for HAWC J2031+415 has yet been found. In this work, we investigate the spectrum and energy-dependent morphology of HAWC J2031+415. We associate HAWC J2031+415 with a γ-ray binary system containing the pulsar PSR J2032+4127 …

Comparison Of Soil Organic Matter Fractions In Non-Grazed And Prescribed Sheep-Grazed Managed Land In Southwest Michigan, Julia M. Shreve, Katelyn Smith, Lauren Burns

Student Summer Scholars Manuscripts

The impact of prescribed sheep grazing on soil organic carbon (SOC) was investigated by comparing a 2-acre grazed and a 2-acre non-grazed (control) portion of redeveloped land previously seeded with pasture mix in Southwest Michigan. This study aimed to measure changes in SOC resulting from prescribed sheep grazing by examining two key soil organic matter (SOM) fractions: particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) along with soil physical and chemical properties (e.g., bulk density, infiltration rate, moisture content, pH, conductivity). Soil cores were collected from 5 locations within each of the 2-acre plots using a diagonal random sampling …

Safety-Centric Analysis Of Grounding Systems For Substations In Distribution Grids, Fazel Mohammadi, Mahmood Mirhashemi

Electrical & Computer Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

The safety of grounding systems for substations in distribution grids is paramount to ensuring operational reliability, protecting personnel and equipment, and maintaining the stability of distribution grids while complying with regulatory standards. This paper explores essential safety aspects of grounding systems, including fault current handling strategies, the interdependence between protective devices and grounding systems, and maintenance practices. The integration of grounding systems design with overall substation layout and design considerations by focusing on mitigating Ground Potential Rise (GPR) and optimizing bonding techniques, is examined. Additionally, advanced techniques, such as high-frequency grounding and Transient Ground Potential Rise (TGPR) management, are presented …

Global Empirical Model Of Sporadic-E Occurrence Rates, Eli V. Parsch, Anthony L. Franz, Eugene V. Dao, Dong L. Wu, Nimalan Swarnalingam, Cornelius C. J. H. Salinas, Daniel J. Emmons

Faculty Publications

Intense ionization enhancements in the Earth’s ionosphere, known as sporadic-E (E_s), can degrade and severely disrupt the propagation of radio signals. Although many previous studies have analyzed the characteristics and morphologies of sporadic-E, few efforts have attempted to model global E_s occurrence rates (ORs) at high time resolutions. This study develops a global empirical model of blanketing sporadic-E occurrence rates using a Karhunen–Loéve Expansion (KLE) of a global OR climatology built with Global Navigation Satellite System radio occultation (GNSS-RO) and ionosonde observations. Using an fbE ≥ threshold of 3 MHz, the model outputs a blanketing sporadic-E …

Confined Paddock Feeding And Feedlotting Of Sheep, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Animal production and livestock factsheets

Confinement feeding (also referred to as lot feeding or feedlotting) is an intensive feeding system in a confined area where all, or the majority of, feed and water is supplied to the contained animals. The department recommends using confinement feeding as part of a whole farm livestock, pasture and erosion management program.

We recommend having a confinement feeding system as an integral part of a whole farm livestock, pasture and erosion management program. Guides and resources that provide more detailed information are listed at the bottom of this fact sheet.

Sheep Feed Value Guide, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Animal production and livestock factsheets

Sheep are supplementary fed for either survival or production purposes. Efficient supplementary feeding should aim to supply sheep with a diet that is sufficient in digestible energy and protein. We recommend testing feedstuffs, although the feed tables supplied here can be used to help roughly estimate the amount of grain and fodder required.

Knowing the value of different feedstuffs is critical when making decisions about livestock nutrition, for survival, maintenance and growth.

Supplementary feeding is a key part of a Western Australian (WA) sheep enterprise because most sheep systems are on annual pasture which is dry over the Mediterranean summer. …

Evaluation Of Dual Purpose Canola And Cereals Grazed With Cattle, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Animal production and livestock factsheets

The Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development conducted research to investigate and demonstrate the importance of dual-purpose crops (canola, wheat and barley) to improve the feed availability for cattle (in late autumn to early winter) in mixed farming systems of the high rainfall environment of Western Australia (WA).

The grain yield of a wide range of canola and cereal varieties sown in mid-April were unaffected by the grazing of cattle at a stocking rate of 20 to 22 dry sheep equivalent (DSE) per hectare (ha) for up to 4 weeks at Esperance in 2011.

The grazed crops yielded the …