Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Superadiabatic Control Of Quantum Operations, Jonathan Vandermause, Chandrasekhar Ramanathan

Dartmouth Scholarship

Adiabatic pulses are used extensively to enable robust control of quantum operations. We introduce an approach to adiabatic control that uses the superadiabatic quality factor as a performance metric to design robust, high-fidelity pulses. This approach permits the systematic design of quantum control schemes to maximize the adiabaticity of a unitary operation in a particular time interval given the available control resources. The interplay between adiabaticity, fidelity, and robustness of the resulting pulses is examined for the case of single-qubit inversion, and superadiabatic pulses are demonstrated to have improved robustness to control errors. A numerical search strategy is developed to …

Cross-Phase Modulation Enhancement Via A Resonating Cavity: Semiclassical Description, Julián Martínez-Rincón, John C. Howell

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

We evaluate the advantages of performing cross-phase modulation (XPM) on a very-far-off-resonance atomic system. We consider a ladder system with a weak (few-photon level) control coherent field imparting a conditional nonlinear phase shift on a probe beam. We find that by coupling to an optical resonator, the optimal XPM is enhanced proportional to the finesse of the resonator by a factor of ��/4��. We present a semiclassical description of the system and show that the phenomenon is optimal in the self-defined condition of off-resonance effective cooperativity equal to one.

Monitoring A Problem: Evaluating The Ecological Status Of The Invasive Nile Monitor In Florida And Forecasting Population Expansion Using Computational Gis, Noah Cohen

HCAS Graduate Science Research Symposium

The state of Florida is an epicenter for the introduction of exotic terrestrial and marine species, often which are attributed to the pet industry. Identifying the threats posed by exotics that may become invasive is critical to manage and protect indigenous species and habitats. One such exotic that is now invasive in Florida is the Nile Monitor (Varanus niloticus). The Nile monitor is a large, predatory lizard native to central and southern Africa that is thought to have been introduced to Florida via both intentional and unintentional releases associated with the exotic pet trade. Since their introduction, Nile monitors have …

Genomic Assembly Analyses Of Asian Teleost Species Seabass (Lates Calcarifer) And Arowana (Scleropages Formosus), Stephen O'Brien

HCAS Graduate Science Research Symposium

The genome assembly and annotation of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) , a marine teleost with aquaculture relevance will be described, an initiative of Genome 10K . Though > 500 eukaryotic genome sequences are available in public repositories, the majority are highly fragmented with incomplete assemblies, so considerable effort and resources are often spent to improve their quality. In the present study, PacBio long read sequencing , genetic and optical mapping, and syntenic inference were combined to build a chromosome-length assembly with a contig N50 size over 1 Mb and scaffold N50 size over 25 Mb that span ~90% of the genome …

If You Build It, Will They Come? Exploring Enhancements To Artificial Structure For Use In Restoration And Mitigation Applications In The Mexican Caribbean, Kirk Kilfoyle

HCAS Graduate Science Research Symposium

A study involving standardized artificial reef modules (ReefballsTM) was conducted in Puerto Morelos, Mexico. The purpose was to explore the use of artificial structure in restoration and mitigation projects in a Caribbean coral reef environment similar to South Florida by applying select experimental treatments hypothesized to accelerate their acquisition of a natural coral reef assemblage. Multiple hypotheses on the progression and interaction between artificial structure and the resulting fish, coral, algal, and non-coral invertebrate assemblages were examined. Each of 40 reefball modules received one of 4 treatments (10 modules/treatment): invertebrate substrate pads, coral transplants, settlement plates, or control. Following deployment, …

Statistical Analysis Of Binary Functional Graphs Of The Discrete Logarithm, Mitchell Orzech

Mathematical Sciences Technical Reports (MSTR)

The increased use of cryptography to protect our personal information makes us want to understand the security of cryptosystems. The security of many cryptosystems relies on solving the discrete logarithm, which is thought to be relatively difficult. Therefore, we focus on the statistical analysis of certain properties of the graph of the discrete logarithm. We discovered the expected value and variance of a certain property of the graph and compare the expected value to experimental data. Our finding did not coincide with our intuition of the data following a Gaussian distribution given a large sample size. Thus, we found the …

Searching To Distinguish Defects And The Presence Of Negative Capacitance, Thaddeus Cox

Senior Theses

In the search for solar cells with lower manufacturing costs, thin film technology was developed. These thin films are only micrometers thick and are grown at relatively low temperatures, resulting in films with imperfections known as defects. Defects can cause thin film solar cells to have lower efficiencies than their single crystalline counterparts. In order to create more efficient thin film solar cells the physical mechanisms behind defects need to be investigated by sensitive techniques. Capacitance measurements of solar cells detect minute changes in charge in the material. For that reason, capacitance is used to electrically characterize the solar cell. …

Channel Flow Studies Using Driftwood Density Analysis In Elger Bay, Camano Island, Wa, Rebeca Becerra, Jasmine Bates, Clairissa De La Vergne

Symposium Of University Research and Creative Expression (SOURCE)

Previous studies on Elger Bay, Camano Island, WA hypothesized that the bay has been emptying of stored driftwood since the 1970's. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a research project using a combination of field data and historical imagery analysis with Google Earth and ArcGIS to mathematically compare the density of driftwood. Changes in driftwood area may indicate changes in sea level rise, bay subsidence, and/or anthropogenic activity. We found that the maximum driftwood extent was actually closer to the 1950's than the 1970's. In addition to overall extent we investigated the overall channel flow along Elger Bay by analyzing …

The Spatial Distribution And Origins Of Sandstone Monoliths In The Swauk Watershed, Kittitas County, Wa, Rebeca Becerra, Daniel O'Dell

Symposium Of University Research and Creative Expression (SOURCE)

Large groups of gigantic sandstone and conglomerate monoliths populate the Swauk Watershed of northern Kittitas County. These monoliths rest on side slopes in the watershed and distinctively project from their surroundings. The origins of these features are unknown. We studied these monoliths in the field by mapping their spatial distribution, describing their morphology and composition, and measuring their orientation and sizes in order to determine their origins. We used Google Earth and topographic maps to locate the monoliths and map their distribution. Interpretations were based from field work data and past research. Our field results show commonalities between the features …

Exploring Data Mining Techniques For Tree Species Classification Using Co-Registered Lidar And Hyperspectral Data, Julia K. Marrs

Theses and Dissertations

NASA Goddard’s LiDAR, Hyperspectral, and Thermal imager provides co-registered remote sensing data on experimental forests. Data mining methods were used to achieve a final tree species classification accuracy of 68% using a combined LiDAR and hyperspectral dataset, and show promise for addressing deforestation and carbon sequestration on a species-specific level.

Quantifying Transit Access In New York City: Formulating An Accessibility Index For Analyzing Spatial And Social Patterns Of Public Transportation, Maxwell S. Siegel

Theses and Dissertations

This paper aims to analyze accessibility within New York City’s transportation system through creating unique accessibility indices. Indices are detailed and implemented using GIS, analyzing the distribution of transit need and access. Regression analyses are performed highlighting relationships between demographics and accessibility and recommendations for transit expansion are presented.

Variation In Restaurant Sanitary Scores In New York City, Kyle Gregory

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine whether restaurants that are homogenous in nature would exhibit substantially different hygiene scores based on the underlying consumer learning behaviors present in the neighborhoods in which the restaurants are located.

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning As A Rehearsal For Decentralized Planning, Landon Kraemer, Bikramjit Banerjee

Faculty Publications

Decentralized partially observable Markov decision processes (Dec-POMDPs) are a powerful tool for modeling multi-agent planning and decision-making under uncertainty. Prevalent Dec-POMDP solution techniques require centralized computation given full knowledge of the underlying model. Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) based approaches have been recently proposed for distributed solution of Dec-POMDPs without full prior knowledge of the model, but these methods assume that conditions during learning and policy execution are identical. In some practical scenarios this may not be the case. We propose a novel MARL approach in which agents are allowed to rehearse with information that will not be available during policy …

Evaluating Infection Prevention Strategies In Out-Patient Dialysis Units Using Agent-Based Modeling, Joanna R. Wares, Barry Lawson, Douglas Shemin, Erika D'Agata

Department of Math & Statistics Faculty Publications

Patients receiving chronic hemodialysis (CHD) are among the most vulnerable to infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO), which are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Current guidelines to reduce transmission of MDRO in the out-patient dialysis unit are targeted at patients considered to be high-risk for transmitting these organisms: those with infected skin wounds not contained by a dressing, or those with fecal incontinence or uncontrolled diarrhea. Here, we hypothesize that targeting patients receiving antimicrobial treatment would more effectively reduce transmission and acquisition of MDRO. We also hypothesize that environmental contamination plays a role in the dissemination of …

Evaluating Infection Prevention Strategies In Out-Patient Dialysis Units Using Agent-Based Modeling, Joanna R. Wares, Barry Lawson, Douglas Shemin, Erika M. C. D'Agata

Department of Math & Statistics Faculty Publications

Patients receiving chronic hemodialysis (CHD) are among the most vulnerable to infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO), which are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Current guidelines to reduce transmission of MDRO in the out-patient dialysis unit are targeted at patients considered to be high-risk for transmitting these organisms: those with infected skin wounds not contained by a dressing, or those with fecal incontinence or uncontrolled diarrhea. Here, we hypothesize that targeting patients receiving antimicrobial treatment would more effectively reduce transmission and acquisition of MDRO. We also hypothesize that environmental contamination plays a role in the dissemination of …

Investigations Of Metastable Ca2Iro4 Epitaxial Thin-Films: Systematic Comparison With Sr2Iro4 And Ba2Iro4, Maryam Souri, John H. Gruenewald, Jsaminka Terzic, Joseph W. Brill, Gang Cao, Sung S. Ambrose Seo

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We have synthesized thermodynamically metastable Ca₂IrO₄ thin-films on YAlO₃ (110) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The epitaxial Ca₂IrO₄ thin-films are of K₂NiF₄-type tetragonal structure. Transport and optical spectroscopy measurements indicate that the electronic structure of the Ca₂IrO₄ thin-films is similar to that of J_eff = 1/2 spin-orbit-coupled Mott insulator Sr₂IrO₄ and Ba₂IrO₄, with the exception of an increased gap energy. The gap increase is to be expected in Ca₂IrO₄ due to its increased octahedral rotation …

Physics-Based Imaging Methods For Terahertz Nondestructive Evaluation Applications, Gabriel Paul Kniffin

Dissertations and Theses

Lying between the microwave and far infrared (IR) regions, the "terahertz gap" is a relatively unexplored frequency band in the electromagnetic spectrum that exhibits a unique combination of properties from its neighbors. Like in IR, many materials have characteristic absorption spectra in the terahertz (THz) band, facilitating the spectroscopic "fingerprinting" of compounds such as drugs and explosives. In addition, non-polar dielectric materials such as clothing, paper, and plastic are transparent to THz, just as they are to microwaves and millimeter waves. These factors, combined with sub-millimeter wavelengths and non-ionizing energy levels, makes sensing in the THz band uniquely suited for …

A Proof Of Concept Study Of Function-Based Statistical Analysis Of Fnirs Data: Syntax Comprehension In Children With Specific Language Impairment Compared To Typically-Developing Controls, Matthew D. Meng, Nicholas J. Wan, Joseph M. Baker, James Montgomery, Julia L. Evans, Ronald Gillam

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a neuroimaging techonology that enables investigators to indirectly monitor brain activity in vivo through relative changes in the concentration of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin. One of the key features of fNIRS is its superior temporal resolution, with dense measurements over very short periods of time (100ms increments). Unfortunately, most statistical analysis approaches in the existing literature have not fully utilized the high temporal resolution of fNIRS. For example, many analysis procedures are based on linearity assumptions that only extract partial information, thereby neglecting the overall dynamic trends in fNIRS trajectories. The main goal of …

Digital Integral Cloaking, Joseph S. Choi, John C. Howell

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Toward the goal of achieving broadband and omnidirectional invisibility, we propose a method for practical invisibility cloaking. We call this “digital cloaking,” where space, angle, spectrum, and phase are discretized. Experimentally, we demonstrate a two-dimensional (2D) planar, ray optics, digital cloak by using lenticular lenses, similar to “integral imaging” for three-dimensional (3D) displays. Theoretically, this can be extended to a good approximation of an “ideal” 3D cloak. With continuing improvements in commercial digital technology, the resolution limitations of a digital cloak can be minimized.

Purdue Polytechnic Institute And Project Lead The Way (Pltw), Kevin Kaluf

Purdue P-12 Networking Summit & Poster Session

No abstract provided.

Build Strong Bodies And Minds Through Service Learning, David Sederberg

Purdue P-12 Networking Summit & Poster Session

In Physics and Astronomy at Purdue, service learning is an essential component to our outreach programs. While providing authentic deliverables to the “customer,” service learning engages individuals in ways through which they are able to make meaningful contributions, while at the same time developing their own knowledge and expertise in an area of personal interest or commitment. That learning may involve leadership, instructional design, communication of science fundamentals and applications to K-12 and general audiences, research, reflective practice, and the acquisition of skills that last a lifetime. This presentation illustrates ways in which we leverage resources between service learning and …

Modeling A Circuit That Represents An Electrolytic Solution At Different Concentrations, Daniel C. Miller Ii

Senior Theses

Electrodes are often placed within bio samples in order to measure the electrical changes that occur within a system. In order to understand the information provided through the microelectrodes, this paper will describe an experiment to measure the capacitance and the resistance between two micro electrodes as an electrolyte becomes more concentrated. This resulted in a capacitance and a resistance that increased and decreased exponentially, respectively, as an electrolyte concentration increased logarithmically.

Automatic Classification Of Perceived Gender From Face Images, Joseph Lemley, Sami Abdul-Wahid, Dipayan Banik

Symposium Of University Research and Creative Expression (SOURCE)

Building software that can visually and accurately perceive gender from face images is an important step in making more intelligent machines. Several approaches to this problem have been suggested in the literature. We evaluate Histogram of Oriented Gradients, Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DTCWT) Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with Support Vector Machines (SVM) and compare them to Convolutional Neural Networks for this task. We train and test our classifiers with two benchmarks containing thousands of facial images. As expected, convolutional neural networks had the best performance while the performance of DTCWT varied most depending on the dataset used

Applying Machine Learning To Predict Stock Value, Joseph Lemley, Yishui Liu, Dipayan Banik, Sadia Afroze

Symposium Of University Research and Creative Expression (SOURCE)

The purpose of this study was to compare machine learning techniques for short term stock prediction and evaluate their effectiveness. Stock value analysis is an important element of modern economies. The ability to predict future stock prices from historical price values is of tremendous interest to investors. The prediction of stock performance is still an unsolved problem with a variety of techniques being proposed. Real stock values are affected by many elements, some of which cannot be measured. In this study, we limit our analysis to stock closing prices. We use these prices to predict the future stock value using …

Protein Folding & Self-Organized Criticality, Arun Bajracharya

Senior Theses

Proteins are known to fold into tertiary structures that determine their functionality in living organisms. However, the complex dynamics of protein folding and the way they consistently fold into the same structures is unknown. Experimental studies of the folding process are difficult as proteins are made of more than one subunit and possess a high degree of conformational flexibility. Theoretically, self-organized criticality (SOC) has provided a framework for understanding complex systems in various scientific disciplines through scale invariance and the associated "fractal" power law behavior. Evidence of this criticality phenomena has been found in neural systems, cell cultures, and anesthetized …

Decoding Of Non-Binary Multiple Insertion/Deletion Error Correcting Codes, Tuan Anh Le

Theses and Dissertations

Data that is either transmitted over a communication channel or stored in memory is not always completely error free. Many communication channels are subject to noise, and thus errors may occur during transmission from transmitter to receiver. For example, DRAM memory cell contents can change spuriously due to electromagnetic interference while magnetic flux can cause one or more bits to flip in magnetic storage devices. To combat these errors, codes capable of correcting insertion/deletion errors have been investigated.

Levenshtein codes are the foundation of this thesis. His codes, first constructed by Varshamov-Tenengol’ts, are capable of correcting one insertion/deletion error. Helberg …

The Infinity(X)-Equation In Grushin-Type Spaces, Thomas Bieske

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

We employ Grushin jets which are adapted to the geometry of Grushin-type spaces to obtain the existence-uniqueness of viscosity solutions to the infinity(x)-Laplace equation in Grushin-type spaces. Due to the differences between Euclidean jets and Grushin jets, the Euclidean method of proof is not valid in this environment.

Investigations Of An "Objectness" Measure For Object Localization, Lewis Richard James Coates

Dissertations and Theses

Object localization is the task of locating objects in an image, typically by finding bounding boxes that isolate those objects. Identifying objects in images that have not had regions of interest labeled by humans often requires object localization to be performed first. The sliding window method is a common naïve approach, wherein the image is covered with bounding boxes of different sizes that form windows in the image. An object classifier is then run on each of these windows to determine if each given window contains a given object. However, because object classification algorithms tend to be computationally expensive, it …

U.S. Dot Quantification Initiative: Dot’S Collaboration With The Hampton Roads Sea Level Rise Pilot, Alan Strasser

May 18, 2016: The Economic Impacts of Sea-Level Rise in Hampton Roads

PDF of powerpoint presentation given at the workshop "The Economic Impacts of Sea-Level Rise in Hampton Roads: An Appraisal of the Projects Underway" on May 18, 2016 at the Virginia Modeling and Simulation Center, 1030 University Blvd, Suffolk, VA 23435.

Quantifying The Impacts Of Climate Change To The Department Of The Interior, Jonathan Steele, Christian Crowley

May 18, 2016: The Economic Impacts of Sea-Level Rise in Hampton Roads

PDF of powerpoint presentation given at the workshop "The Economic Impacts of Sea-Level Rise in Hampton Roads: An Appraisal of the Projects Underway" on May 18, 2016 at the Virginia Modeling and Simulation Center, 1030 University Blvd, Suffolk, VA 23435