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Articles 148471 - 148500 of 291659

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Teaching The Basics Of Reactive Oxygen Species And Their Relevance To Cancer Biology: Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Detection, Redox Signaling, And Targeted Therapies, Balaraman Kalyanaraman, Gang Cheng, Micael Hardy, Olivier Ouari, Brian Bennett, Jacek Zielonka May 2016

Teaching The Basics Of Reactive Oxygen Species And Their Relevance To Cancer Biology: Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Detection, Redox Signaling, And Targeted Therapies, Balaraman Kalyanaraman, Gang Cheng, Micael Hardy, Olivier Ouari, Brian Bennett, Jacek Zielonka

Physics Faculty Research and Publications

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in tumorigenesis (tumor initiation, tumor progression, and metastasis). Of the many cellular sources of ROS generation, the mitochondria and the NADPH oxidase family of enzymes are possibly the most prevalent intracellular sources. In this article, we discuss the methodologies to detect mitochondria-derived superoxide and hydrogen peroxide using conventional probes as well as newly developed assays and probes, and the necessity of characterizing the diagnostic marker products with HPLC and LC-MS in order to rigorously identify the oxidizing species. The redox signaling roles of mitochondrial ROS, mitochondrial thiolperoxidases, and transcription factors in response to …

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Adjusted Empirical Likelihood Method For Comparison Of Treatment Effects In Linear Model Setting, Xi Kang May 2016

Adjusted Empirical Likelihood Method For Comparison Of Treatment Effects In Linear Model Setting, Xi Kang

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Empirical likelihood is a nonparametric method of statistical inference which was introduced by Owen. It allows the data analyst to use it without making distribution assumptions. Empirical likelihood method has been widely used not only for nonparametric models but also for semi-parametric models, with the effectiveness of the likelihood approach and good power properties. However, when the sample size is small or the dimension is high, the method is poorly calibrated, producing tests that generally have a higher type I error. In addition, it suffers from a limiting convex hull constraint. Many statisticians have proposed methods to address the performance. …

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Acceleration Of Ddscat Computation By Parallelization On A Supercomputer, Manoj V. Seeram May 2016

Acceleration Of Ddscat Computation By Parallelization On A Supercomputer, Manoj V. Seeram

Chemical Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

The DDSCAT software is enabled for use of MPI or OpenMP to distribute calculation of different particle orientations amongst multiple processors on a high performance system. Run times for these simulations have been tested to take hours or days however and simulating varying orientations is not always necessary. If a simulation with only one particle orientation is submitted, DDSCAT could still potentially parallelize the simulation by wavelength calculations but it is unknown if this is the case. In this paper, we will be (i) quantifying the reduction in computation time that MPI provides relative to an equivalent MPI disabled simulation …

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A Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Model For The Antibiotic Levofloxacin, Paezha M. Mccartt May 2016

A Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Model For The Antibiotic Levofloxacin, Paezha M. Mccartt

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Levofloxacin is in a class of antibiotics known as fluoroquinolones, which treat infections by killing the bacteria that cause them. A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to investigate the uptake, distribution, and elimination of Levofloxacin after a single dose. PBPK modeling uses parameters such as body weight, blood flow rates, partition coefficients, organ volumes, and several other parameters in order to model the distribution of a particular drug throughout the body. Levofloxacin is only moderately bound in human blood plasma, and, thus, for the purposes of this paper, linear bonding is incorporated into the model because the free or …

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Crystal Structures Of (Z)-5-[2-(Benzo[B]Thiophen-2-Yl)-1-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)Ethenyl]-1H-Tetrazole And (Z)-5-[2-(Benzo[B]Thiophen-3-Yl)-1-(3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl)Ethenyl]-1H-Tetrazole, Narsimha Reddy Penthala, Jaishankar K. B. Yadlapalli, Sean Parkin, Peter A. Crooks May 2016

Crystal Structures Of (Z)-5-[2-(Benzo[B]Thiophen-2-Yl)-1-(3,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)Ethenyl]-1H-Tetrazole And (Z)-5-[2-(Benzo[B]Thiophen-3-Yl)-1-(3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl)Ethenyl]-1H-Tetrazole, Narsimha Reddy Penthala, Jaishankar K. B. Yadlapalli, Sean Parkin, Peter A. Crooks

Chemistry Faculty Publications

(Z)-5-[2-(Benzo[b]thio­phen-2-yl)-1-(3,5-di­meth­oxy­phen­yl)ethen­yl]-1H-tetrazole methanol monosolvate, C19H16N4O2S·CH3OH, (I), was prepared by the reaction of (Z)-3-(benzo[b]thio­phen-2-yl)-2-(3,5-di­meth­oxy­phen­yl)acrylo­nitrile with tri­butyl­tin azide via a [3 + 2]cyclo­addition azide condensation reaction. The structurally related compound (Z)-5-[2-(benzo[b]thio­phen-3-yl)-1-(3,4,5-tri­meth­oxy­phen­yl)ethen­yl]-1H-tetra­zole, C20H18N4O3S, (II), was prepared by the reaction of (Z)-3-(benzo[b]thio­phen-3-yl)-2-(3,4,5-tri­meth­oxy­phen­yl)acrylo­nitrile with tri­butyl­tin azide. Crystals of (I) have two mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit (Z′ = 2), whereas crystals of (II) have Z′ …

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Polytetraflouroethylene Thin Coatings For Tribological Applications, Samuel L. Jenkins May 2016

Polytetraflouroethylene Thin Coatings For Tribological Applications, Samuel L. Jenkins

Physics Undergraduate Honors Theses

Mechanical components with lower coefficients of friction decrease the amount of energy dissipated by the system due to friction. Coating these components would decrease the coefficients of friction between surfaces without sacrificing the strength of the components. A polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer adhered through a polydopamine (PDA) layer on a steel substrate will reduce the coefficient of friction on the substrate surface. This paper discusses different methods for attempting to increase the uniformity of the PDA layer as well as decrease the PDA coating time. Methods for increasing uniformity include using a particle disperser instead of a magnet stir rod, changing …

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The Eyes Have It: Eye Tracking Data Visualizations Of Viewing Patterns Of Statistical Graphics, Trent Fawcett May 2016

The Eyes Have It: Eye Tracking Data Visualizations Of Viewing Patterns Of Statistical Graphics, Trent Fawcett

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

As statistical graphics continue to expand to manage an ever growing amount of diverse data, a need to evaluate the effectiveness of graphics, both basic and complex, has arisen. Technological advancements have given a means to evaluate the effectiveness of graphs and graphical components through eye tracking systems. Eye tracking systems are likewise in need of software that will enable easy evaluation and exploration of data. The focus of this Master's Report is to evaluate the dual solution. An exploration of an eye tracker setup is made, with extensive consideration of testing statistical graphics providing a basis for continued research …

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Resonance Varieties Of Pure Braid-Like Groups, Jared Able May 2016

Resonance Varieties Of Pure Braid-Like Groups, Jared Able

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Present Value Calculations In Personal Injury, Nicholas J. Klinka May 2016

Present Value Calculations In Personal Injury, Nicholas J. Klinka

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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An Analysis Of Environmentally-Persistent Free Radical Formation On Surrogate Soil Systems Containing Iron(Iii) And Copper(Ii) And The Potential Remediation Effects Of Laccases, Andrew Paul Mullet May 2016

An Analysis Of Environmentally-Persistent Free Radical Formation On Surrogate Soil Systems Containing Iron(Iii) And Copper(Ii) And The Potential Remediation Effects Of Laccases, Andrew Paul Mullet

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

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Gecka3d: A 3d Game Engine For Commonsense Knowledge Acquisition, Erik Cambria, Tam Nguyen, Brian Cheng, Kenneth Kwok, Jose Sepulveda May 2016

Gecka3d: A 3d Game Engine For Commonsense Knowledge Acquisition, Erik Cambria, Tam Nguyen, Brian Cheng, Kenneth Kwok, Jose Sepulveda

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Commonsense knowledge representation and reasoning is key for tasks such as artificial intelligence and natural language understanding. Since commonsense consists of information that humans take for granted, gathering it is an extremely difficult task. In this paper, we introduce a novel 3D game engine for commonsense knowledge acquisition (GECKA3D) which aims to collect commonsense from game designers through the development of serious games. GECKA3D integrates the potential of serious games and games with a purpose. This provides a platform for the acquisition of reusable and multi-purpose knowledge and also enables the development of games that can provide entertainment value and …

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Data Driven Sample Generator Model With Application To Classification, Alvaro Emilio Ulloa Cerna May 2016

Data Driven Sample Generator Model With Application To Classification, Alvaro Emilio Ulloa Cerna

Mathematics & Statistics ETDs

Despite the rapidly growing interest, progress in the study of relations between physiological abnormalities and mental disorders is hampered by complexity of the human brain and high costs of data collection. The complexity can be captured by machine learning approaches, but they still may require significant amounts of data. In this thesis, we seek to mitigate the latter challenge by developing a data driven sample generator model for the generation of synthetic realistic training data. Our method greatly improves generalization in classification of schizophrenia patients and healthy controls from their structural magnetic resonance images. A feed forward neural network trained …

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Generalized Linear Model Analyses For Treatment Group Equality When Data Are Non-Normal, Harvey J. Kesleman, Abdul R. Othman, Rand R. Wilcox May 2016

Generalized Linear Model Analyses For Treatment Group Equality When Data Are Non-Normal, Harvey J. Kesleman, Abdul R. Othman, Rand R. Wilcox

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

One of the validity conditions of classical test statistics (e.g., Student’s t-test, the ANOVA and MANOVA F-tests) is that data be normally distributed in the populations. When this and/or other derivational assumptions do not hold the classical test statistic can be prone to too many Type I errors (i.e., falsely rejecting too often) and/or have low power (i.e., failing to reject when the null hypothesis is false) to detect treatment effects when they are present. However, alternative procedures are available for assessing equality of treatment group effects when data are non-normal. For example, researchers can use robust estimators …

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Liu-Type Logistic Estimators With Optimal Shrinkage Parameter, Yasin Asar May 2016

Liu-Type Logistic Estimators With Optimal Shrinkage Parameter, Yasin Asar

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Multicollinearity in logistic regression affects the variance of the maximum likelihood estimator negatively. In this study, Liu-type estimators are used to reduce the variance and overcome the multicollinearity by applying some existing ridge regression estimators to the case of logistic regression model. A Monte Carlo simulation is given to evaluate the performances of these estimators when the optimal shrinkage parameter is used in the Liu-type estimators, along with an application of real case data.

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The Xgamma Distribution: Statistical Properties And Application, Subhradev Sen, Sudhansu S. Maiti, N. Chandra May 2016

The Xgamma Distribution: Statistical Properties And Application, Subhradev Sen, Sudhansu S. Maiti, N. Chandra

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

A new probability distribution, the xgamma distribution, is proposed and studied. The distribution is generated as a special finite mixture of exponential and gamma distributions and hence the name proposed. Various mathematical, structural, and survival properties of the xgamma distribution are derived, and it is found that in many cases the xgamma has more flexibility than the exponential distribution. To evaluate the comparative behavior, stochastic ordering of the distribution is studied. To estimate the model parameter, the method of moment and the method of maximum likelihood estimation are proposed. A simulation algorithm to generate random samples from the xgamma distribution …

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Analysis And Modeling Of Statistical Properties Of Fmdfb Subband Coefficients, E. Jebamalar Leavline, Sutha Shunmugam May 2016

Analysis And Modeling Of Statistical Properties Of Fmdfb Subband Coefficients, E. Jebamalar Leavline, Sutha Shunmugam

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Fast Multiscale Directional Filter Bank (FMDFB) is an image representation scheme used in several image processing applications. The statistical nature of the FMDFB subbands is analyzed, and a mathematical model of FMDFB coefficients is proposed. Experimental results are justified by goodness-of-fit tests.

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Jmasm37: Simple Response Surface Methodology Using Rsreg (Sas), Wan Muhamad Amir, Mohamad Shafiq, Kasypi Mokhtar, Nor Azlida Aleng, Hanafi A.Rahim, Zalila Ali May 2016

Jmasm37: Simple Response Surface Methodology Using Rsreg (Sas), Wan Muhamad Amir, Mohamad Shafiq, Kasypi Mokhtar, Nor Azlida Aleng, Hanafi A.Rahim, Zalila Ali

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

Response surface methodology (RSM) can be used when the response variable, y, is influenced by several variables, x’s. When treatments take the form of quantitative values, then the true relationship between response variables and independent variables might be known. Examples are given in SAS.

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Byoc: Build Your Own Cluster, Part I - Design, Nathan R. Vance, Michael L. Poublon, William F. Polik May 2016

Byoc: Build Your Own Cluster, Part I - Design, Nathan R. Vance, Michael L. Poublon, William F. Polik

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Spurious Acceleration Noise On The Lisa Spacecraft Due To Solar Irradiance, Brandon Piotrzkowski May 2016

Spurious Acceleration Noise On The Lisa Spacecraft Due To Solar Irradiance, Brandon Piotrzkowski

Honors Projects

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is a conguration of three satellites that will very precisely measure the distance between each satellite in order to detect gravitational waves, small undulations in spacetime.[1] Therefore, the stability of LISA satellite conguration will be crucial to its ability to measure gravitational waves, as will understanding the noise introduced in the measured gravitational wave signal from various environmental accelerations. Although solar irradiance will most denitely be a great source of noise in the desired frequency band and will greatly attempt to disrupt the satellite conguration, previous research has only considered zeroth order calculations of …

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Presence And Distribution Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons In Sediment Contaminated With Tar Sands Crude Oil, Kayla Lockmiller May 2016

Presence And Distribution Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons In Sediment Contaminated With Tar Sands Crude Oil, Kayla Lockmiller

Honors Projects

Contamination of sediment with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) derived from heavy crude oils (ex. tar sands oil) pose significant threats to human health as well as to the natural ecosystem. These compounds may persist in the environment for long periods of time following a crude oil spill. As such, this study sought to evaluate the persistence of PAHs in sediment and possible correlation between PAH distribution and grain size. This was accomplished through the collection of sediment samples from a portion of river bank along the Kalamazoo River near Ceresco, MI. Five years previously, a pipeline break spilled an estimated …

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New Flexible Regression Models Generated By Gamma Random Variables With Censored Data, Elizabeth M. Hashimoto, Gauss M. Cordeiro, Edwin M. M. Ortega, Gholamhossein G. Hamedani May 2016

New Flexible Regression Models Generated By Gamma Random Variables With Censored Data, Elizabeth M. Hashimoto, Gauss M. Cordeiro, Edwin M. M. Ortega, Gholamhossein G. Hamedani

Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science Faculty Research and Publications

We propose and study a new log-gamma Weibull regression model. We obtain explicit expressions for the raw and incomplete moments, quantile and generating functions and mean deviations of the log-gamma Weibull distribution. We demonstrate that the new regression model can be applied to censored data since it represents a parametric family of models which includes as sub-models several widely-known regression models and therefore can be used more effectively in the analysis of survival data. We obtain the maximum likelihood estimates of the model parameters by considering censored data and evaluate local influence on the estimates of the parameters by taking …

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Tests Of General Relativity With Gw150914, Benjamin P. Abbott, Marco Cavaglia, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website. May 2016

Tests Of General Relativity With Gw150914, Benjamin P. Abbott, Marco Cavaglia, For Full List Of Authors, See Publisher's Website.

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The LIGO detection of GW150914 provides an unprecedented opportunity to study the two-body motion of a compact-object binary in the large-velocity, highly nonlinear regime, and to witness the final merger of the binary and the excitation of uniquely relativistic modes of the gravitational field. We carry out several investigations to determine whether GW150914 is consistent with a binary black-hole merger in general relativity. We find that the final remnant's mass and spin, as determined from the low-frequency (inspiral) and high-frequency (postinspiral) phases of the signal, are mutually consistent with the binary black-hole solution in general relativity. Furthermore, the data following …

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Dynamical Mechanisms Leading To Equilibration In Two-Component Gases, Stephan De Bievre, Carlos Mejia-Monasterio, Paul Ernest Parris May 2016

Dynamical Mechanisms Leading To Equilibration In Two-Component Gases, Stephan De Bievre, Carlos Mejia-Monasterio, Paul Ernest Parris

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Demonstrating how microscopic dynamics cause large systems to approach thermal equilibrium remains an elusive, longstanding, and actively pursued goal of statistical mechanics. We identify here a dynamical mechanism for thermalization in a general class of two-component dynamical Lorentz gases and prove that each component, even when maintained in a nonequilibrium state itself, can drive the other to a thermal state with a well-defined effective temperature.

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Kenotic Effluent Panapotheism, Christopher E. Etter May 2016

Kenotic Effluent Panapotheism, Christopher E. Etter

Master of Arts in Religious Studies (M.A.R.S. Theses)

In these times of changing and evolving scientific discovery, philosophy and theology are at a critical juncture where they stand to lose all relevance if they are unable to keep up with the wealth of new knowledge and discoveries. Among the recent attempts in philosophy and theology to reconcile the relationship between science and these fields is Process Theology. Process Theology owes its origins to the 20th Century American philosopher Alfred North Whitehead. Whitehead and the philosophers and theologians he has influenced have developed a myriad of new theologies that all attempt to incorporate the new sciences, such as Quantum …

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Global Worming: A Quantitative Study About Greenhouse Gas Flux In Surface Soils Facilitated By The Anecic Earthworm, Lumbricus Terrestris, Under Rising Global Temperature, Rachel Briden Frei, Jose A. Amador May 2016

Global Worming: A Quantitative Study About Greenhouse Gas Flux In Surface Soils Facilitated By The Anecic Earthworm, Lumbricus Terrestris, Under Rising Global Temperature, Rachel Briden Frei, Jose A. Amador

Senior Honors Projects

Climate change is the long-term alteration in the Earth’s average weather conditions believed to be driven by greenhouse gases (GHG): carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). These alterations are expected to cause more extreme weather events, gradually warmer global temperatures and greater amounts of precipitation. Roughly 20% of the Earth’s CO2, one-third of CH4 and two-thirds of N2O emissions, originate from soils, and earthworms are known to accelerate GHG. As climate change proceeds, there is expected to be an increase in global temperature of 2-6ºC. Temperature …

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Statistical Modeling Of The Temporal Dynamics In A Large Scale-Citation Network, Luis Javier Ek Jr. May 2016

Statistical Modeling Of The Temporal Dynamics In A Large Scale-Citation Network, Luis Javier Ek Jr.

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Citation Networks of papers are vast networks that grow over time. The manner or the form a citation network grows is not entirely a random process, but a preferential attachment relationship; highly cited papers are more likely to be cited by newly published papers. The result is a network whose degree distribution follows a power law. This growth of citation network of papers will be modeled with a negative binomial regression coupled with logistic growth and/or Cauchy distribution curve. Then a Barabasi-Albert model, based on the negative binomial models, and a combination of the Dirichlet distribution and multinomial will be …

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Computing The Optimal Path In Stochastic Dynamical Systems, Martha Bauver May 2016

Computing The Optimal Path In Stochastic Dynamical Systems, Martha Bauver

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

In stochastic systems, one is often interested in finding the optimal path that maximizes the probability of escape from a metastable state or of switching between metastable states. Even for simple systems it may be impossible to find an analytic form of the optimal path, and in high-dimensional systems, this is almost always the case. The optimal path is of great importance, since it represents the most likely path of a rare switching or escape event. For instance, the optimal path for an infectious disease model represents a switching from an infectious state to the extinction of the disease within …

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Modeling The Formation Of Tetrahydropyranyl Radicals Via Hydrogen Abstraction, Robert Booth May 2016

Modeling The Formation Of Tetrahydropyranyl Radicals Via Hydrogen Abstraction, Robert Booth

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

A computational analysis was performed on the reaction between tetrahydropyran (THP) and atomic bromine in order to gain a better understanding of the energetics of the addition-elimination mechanism as compared to similar chemical reactions. Prior to the reaction energetics study, a separate analysis was performed on substituted tetrahydropyran derivatives in order to optimize the computational methods being used, to understand the extent of the anomeric effect in tetrahydropyran, and to understand solvent contributions to the energies of the tetrahydropyran derivatives. Trial calculations were performed using Hartree-Fock (HF) theory, Density Functional theory (DFT), and second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation (MP2) theory, and it …

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Numerical Detection Of Wave Breaking In The Short-Pulse Equation, Jeffrey Slepoi May 2016

Numerical Detection Of Wave Breaking In The Short-Pulse Equation, Jeffrey Slepoi

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Numerical analysis is a powerful resource in all mathematical sciences especially in the study of partial differential equations (PDEs). It allows evaluating and demonstrating derived solutions for PDEs and whenever the solution can’t be derived analytically it provides us with ability to calculate the solution function numerically and predict its behavior over time. This work presents a numerical method to evaluate an analytically known solution, demonstrates the needed parameters to achieve the desired accuracy, extends the methodology into the sphere of the mathematical unknown to be able to predict the results by using the same numerical methodology. The equation in …

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On God's Number(S) And The Rubik's Slide Extension, James F. Johnston Iii May 2016

On God's Number(S) And The Rubik's Slide Extension, James F. Johnston Iii

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

In a recent article, Jones, Shelton and Weaverdyck and Aim, Gramelspacher, and Rice provided two analyses of the Rubik’s Slide game on a board of dimensions 3x3. This paper extends the work of Jones, Shelton, and Weaverdyck to a board of dimensions 4x4. Concepts from abstract algebra and graph theory are used to calculate the God’s number of many classes of puzzles, which is the least number of moves necessary to reach any end configuration from any starting configuration of game play. It turns out that God’s number is equivalent to the diameter of a graph of the group formed …

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