Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Property Testing Ai: An Efficient Frontier, Paul Sopher Lintilhac

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

In this dissertation, we take a step towards addressing the major problem of a lack of standardized and rigorous approaches to testing and evaluation of AI systems. Taking inspiration from both the fields of Property Testing and Property Based Testing (for programs), we develop a novel taxonomy of partially overlapping classes of properties of AI systems, including simple properties, compound properties, higher order properties, data relation properties, and architecture-utility properties. We argue that this taxonomy categorizes a diverse set of AI traits -- including accuracy, fairness, robustness, monotonicity, point-wise and global privacy properties, sensitivity, and more -- according to the …

Alibaba: Building Advanced Intellectual Property Governance For E-Commerce Marketplaces, Liang Chen, Sin Mei Cheah, Can Huang, Guoqiao Liu

Asian Management Insights

How the global e-commerce powerhouse harnessed artificial intelligence (AI) to balance innovation and intellectual property (IP) rights protection.

Axon Initial Segment Plasticity Caused By Auditory Deprivation Degrades Time Difference Sensitivity In A Model Of Neural Responses To Cochlear Implants, Anna Jing , '24, Sylvia Xi , '25, Ivan Fransazov , '24, Joshua H. Goldwyn

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Works

Synaptic and neural properties can change during periods of auditory deprivation. These changes may disrupt the computations that neurons perform. In the brainstem of chickens, auditory deprivation can lead to changes in the size and biophysics of the axon initial segment (AIS) of neurons in the sound source localization circuit. This is the phenomenon of axon initial segment (AIS) plasticity. Individuals who use cochlear implants (CIs) experience periods of hearing loss, and so we ask whether AIS plasticity in neurons of the medial superior olive (MSO), a key stage of sound location processing, would impact time difference sensitivity in the …

Sequestrichnia In Complex Ophiomorpha Isp. From Late Pleistocene Grainstones In The Bahamas, With Modern Analogue Comparisons, H. Allen Curran, Koji Seike, Bosiljka Glumac

Geosciences: Faculty Publications

An important scientific contribution of ichnological research is to expand knowledge of animal behavior through the study of trace fossils. Ophiomorpha isp. is the dominant trace fossil preserved in Late Pleistocene shallow-marine grainstones throughout the Bahama Archipelago. These large, distinctive, and complex burrows commonly display elements reflecting specialized activities. Pouchlike structures of Ophiomorpha from two Exuma sites are interpreted as sequestrichnia—in this case, chambers constructed by callichirid shrimp specifically for storage of seagrasses and algae as food resources. Two morphologies are recognized: structures with radiating arms and blunt endings, and rectangular forms with pairs of arms separated by a short …

Satellite And Eddy Covariance Analysis Reveals Short-Lived Evapotranspiration Changes After Fire In Mediterranean Woodland, Hoang Long Nguyen, Simone Gelsinari, J. Nik Callow, Richard Silberstein, Sally E. Thompson

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Ecosystem evapotranspiration (ET) varies through space and time in response to environmental gradients and disturbances like fire. Field-based techniques (e.g. eddy covariance) can directly measure how ET responds to fire; however, these measurements are localised and only represent small areas. Remotely sensed ET products can potentially evaluate fire impacts on ecosystem ET, but their performance for this task remains largely unassessed. This paper uses three widely available remote sensing products: the CSIRO MODIS ReScaled ET (CMRSET), MODIS ET (MOD16), and Penman–Monteith–Leuning (PML), to assess ET changes caused by a fuel reduction burn in a Mediterranean woodland in comparison to the …

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells In Electric Vehicles: Innovations, Challenges, And Pathways To Sustainability, Tarek Abedin, Jagadeesh Pasupuleti, Johnny Koh Siaw Paw, Yaw Chong Tak, Monowar Mahmud, Md Pauzi Abdullah, Mohammad Nur-E-Alam

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are leading the shift to sustainable energy, especially in fuel-cell electric vehicles. In PEMFCs, hydrogen is converted into electricity which contributes to reduced greenhouse gas emissions and decreased dependence on fossil fuels. Many works have been conducted to improve the power density and longevity of the whole system to be adopted in vehicles. The power density was considerably increased by a stack design incorporating lightweight material such as graphene-coated Ni form and weak carbon nanofiber films. Hydrogen refueling failures such as overfilling with hydrogen, hydrogen flow overfill, and hydrogen leakage need mitigation by developing advanced …

Spatial Patterns In Urban Water Consumption: The Role Of Local Climate Zones And Temperature Dynamics, Mohammad Maleki, Amirbahador Damroodi, Mahsa Mostaghim, Amir Reza Bakhshi Lomer, Samira Sadat Saleh, Junye Wang, Nabi Moradpour, Iain D. Stewart, Kanglin (Connie) Chen, Fatemeh Kazemi

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Urban Water Consumption (UWC) is a major challenge in arid regions, intensified by urbanization, population growth, and resource scarcity, prompting debates on relocating Iran's capital to address resource scarcity and sustainability. This study analyzed the relationship between Local Climate Zones (LCZ), Land Surface Temperature (LST), and water usage in Tehran (2015–2019) to inform urban water management. UWC data was spatially matched to urban areas to calculate per capita consumption. An LCZ map for the base year 2017 was generated using the Random Forest (RF) algorithm, achieving an accuracy of 88.88 %. LST data for the five years was derived using …

Welfare Implication Of Alternative Tax Rates Adjustment Policy In Nigeria: A Dsge Analysis, Umar B. Ibrahim, Isah F. Abubakar

CBN Journal of Applied Statistics (JAS)

This study sets out to determine the desirable policy adjustment in the tax rate for Nigeria that ensures the least welfare cost. A calibrated small open-economy New Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (NKDSGE) model of the Nigerian economy is applied to achieve this objective. Within this framework, we examined the impact of an increase in value-added tax (VAT) rate from 7.5 to 15 percent on key macroeconomic variables relative to the impact of an increase in company income tax (CIT) rate from 30 to 35 percent on macroeconomic variables. Furthermore, we examined the welfare costs of the increases in the …

Potential And Pitfalls Of Romantic Artificial Intelligence (Ai) Companions: A Systematic Review, Qi Hui Jerlyn Ho, Meilan Hu, Tracy Xi Chen, Andree Hartanto

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes more integrated into daily life, individuals have increasingly turned to AIdriven systems for emotional support, companionship, and even romantic relationships. These relationships can be both beneficial and detrimental. Given the need for a comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon, this systematic review uses Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love to provide a holistic summary of its key potentials and pitfalls. A total of 23 articles were identified from the following databases: EBSCOhost ERIC, EBSCOhost PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Results highlighted the key potentials of being in a romantic relationship with AI companions as: the …

Enhancing Energy Consumption Forecasting For Electric Vehicle Charging Stations With Time Series Dense Encoder (Tide), Amril Nazir, Abdul Khalique Shaikh, Aftab Ahmed Khan, Abdul Salam Shah, Nadia Khalique

All Works

The increasing adoption of electric vehicles has led to the installation of charging stations in various locations in major cities worldwide. This study focuses on energy consumption forecasting for Boulder, Nevada, United States electric vehicle charging stations. Efficient management of energy resources at these charging points is crucial for optimizing resource utilization and reducing charging time. While existing literature has focused on energy consumption prediction in smart homes and grids, the significance of electric charging points in smart cities must be considered. The transformers have handled time series forecasting better with larger datasets like the Temporal Fusion Transformer and the …

Adapting Teaching And Learning With Existing Generative Ai By Higher Education Students: Comparative Study Of Zayed University And King Abdulaziz University, Dina Tbaishat, Ghada Amoudi, Maha Elfadel

All Works

This study examines the role of higher education students’ perceptions in adapting Generative AI (GenAI) tools for teaching and learning, with a particular focus on the factors that influence student satisfaction and engagement. A comparative approach is adopted, exploring student experiences at Zayed University (ZU) in the UAE and King Abdulaziz University (KAU) in Saudi Arabia. The principal variables of interest, including Expected Benefits (EB), University Support (US), Ethical Awareness (EA), and Technology Self-Efficacy (TSE), are examined, with particular attention to their direct and mediated influences through Behavioral Intention (BI) on student satisfaction (SS). Data were collected through surveys and …

Testing For Broad Alternatives In Stratified Contingency Tables, Nan Mi

Dissertations

In medical and social sciences fields, data are measured in terms of discrete categories. The primary question of interest involves the relationship between a set of factors and a set of response variables under studies. Moreover, the distribution of the response variables may be influenced by another set of variables called confounders. The data from such studies are summarized in 3-way tables. The hypothesis we are interested in can be expressed in terms of "no partial association" between the sub-populations and the response levels.

The methods for testing the association or independence in a 2x2 contingency table have been developed, …

Transforming The Future Of Health: Building Learning Health Systems Across The Globe, Sandra Yankah, Robert Saunders, Mark L. Tykocinski, Claudia Salzberg, Jonathan Gonzalez-Smith, Rachel Bonesteel, Cameron Joyce, Charles Kahn, Mark Mcclellan, Eyal Zimlichman

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Health care has faced disruptions over the past 5 years, including a global pandemic, supply chain interruptions, workforce shifts, and the introduction of new artificial intelligence (AI) tools. Health care organizations continue to leverage the learning health system (LHS) concept to adapt to these challenges through iterative feedback loops. The Future of Health (FOH), an international community of over 50 senior health leaders that focuses on shared challenges across international health systems, collaborated with the Duke-Margolis Institute for Health Policy in a consensus-building process with FOH members to identify opportunities for action in an LHS. Key areas for action identified …

Structural Color Pigments For Waterborne Coatings, Kyle William Liston

Master's Theses

Structural colors offer unique alternatives to conventional pigments, utilizing their microstructures to produce vibrant colors. These pigments offer an alternative source for colorants without the need for less environmentally friendly conventional pigments. In keeping with the sustainability approach, the use of waterborne coatings was chosen over solvent-based coatings. Here we report the synthesis of brushite platelet, silica supraball, and inverse opal pigments. Brushite platelets were produced through a condensation reaction, while silica supraballs were synthesized via the Stöber process and assembly was attempted using an oil-in-water emulsion. Inverse opal was produced through the templating of silica on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) …

Deepvec: State-Vector Aware Test Case Selection For Enhancing Recurrent Neural Network, Zhonghao Jiang, Meng Yan, Li Huang, Weifeng Sun, Chao Liu, Song Sun, David Lo

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Deep Neural Networks (DNN) have realized significant achievements across various application domains. There is no doubt that testing and enhancing a pre-trained DNN that has been deployed in an application scenario is crucial, because it can reduce the failures of the DNN. DNN-driven software testing and enhancement require large amounts of labeled data. The high cost and inefficiency caused by the large volume of data of manual labeling, and the time consumption of testing all cases in real scenarios are unacceptable. Therefore, test case selection technologies are proposed to reduce the time cost by selecting and only labeling representative test …

Glacial Lakes Segmentation Using Multispectral Remote Sensing Data And Deep Learning Models, Debankan Das

Master’s Dissertations

The identification and delineation of glacial lakes through segmentation is crucial for tracking glacial changes and evaluating potential dangers from sudden flood events (GLOFs). These floods can severely impact populated areas and man-made structures downstream. Recent advances in high-quality satellite imagery have sparked increased attention toward using advanced machine learning methods, particularly deep learning, to enable precise and automated glacial lake detection. In this study, we explore the effectiveness of deep learning-based pointwise semantic segmentation for glacial lake mapping using multisource remote sensing imagery, including both optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. We experiment with a novel stack combination …

Performance Evaluation Of Aminated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Incorporated With Green Synthesized Iron Nanoparticles For Toxic Dyes Sequestration From Textile Wastewater, Titus Chinedu Egbosiuba, Cynthia Chukwuemeka, Jonah Chukwudi Umeuzuegbu, Nwanneka Chibuzo Mmonwuba, Ugochukwu Ewuzie, Monday Uchenna Okoronkwo, Valentine Chikaodili Anadebe, Saheed Mustapha, Ambali Saka Abdulkareem, Jimoh Oladejo Tijani, Ashish Patel, Virendra Kumar Yadav

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study evaluates the performance of aminated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (AM-MWCNTs) integrated with zerovalent iron nanoparticles (ZVI) synthesized using cashew leaf (Anacardium occidentale) extract (AM-MWCNTs@ZVI) for the removal of Congo Red (CR) and Methylene Blue (MB) dyes from textile industrial wastewater. The nanocomposite was characterized using FTIR, XRD, BET, HRSEM, and HRTEM analyses, confirming its functional groups, crystalline structure, and enhanced surface area of 1050.4 m²/g. The ecological risk degree of the textile pollutants was assessed to determine the percentage concentrations of crystal violet, Congo red, methyl orange, methylene blue and rhodamine B. Batch adsorption experiments identified optimal …

Computerized Diagnostic Decision Support Systems-Isabel Pro Versus Chatgpt-4 Part Ii, Joe M Bridges, Xiaoqian Jiang, Michael Ige, Oluwatoniloba Toyobo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective: Does a Tree-of-Thought prompt and reconsideration of Isabel Pro's differential improve ChatGPT-4's accuracy; does increasing expert panel size improve ChatGPT-4's accuracy; does ChatGPT-4 produce consistent outputs in sequential requests; what is the frequency of fabricated references?

Materials and methods: Isabel Pro, a computerized diagnostic decision support system, and ChatGPT-4, a large language model. Using 201 cases from the New England Journal of Medicine, each system produced a differential diagnosis ranked by likelihood. Statistics were Mean Reciprocal Rank, Recall at Rank, Average Rank, Number of Correct Diagnoses, and Rank Improvement. For reproducibility, the study compared the initial expert panel run …

Long-Range Transport Of Canadian Wildfire Smoke: Public Health And Earth System Impacts, Erica L. Simon

Environmental Studies Senior Theses

In the summer of 2023, Canada experienced an unprecedented wildfire season with total burned area reaching 15 million hectares, doubling the previous record. Notably, smoke plumes from Eastern Canada were transported to the Northeast United States, resulting in record-breaking measures of poor air quality in early June 2023. This thesis employs a multi-method analysis to understand the June 2023 Quebec wildfires, focusing on atmospheric science, public health effects in New York City, and albedo changes on the Greenland ice sheet. Through this analysis, I find record-high monthly mean aerosol optical depth values in June 2023 in three regions– the Northeast …

Digital Resurrection Of Thonis-Heracleion: Technological Advances In Underwater Archaeology And A Speculative Ai-Driven Reconstruction Methodology, James Hutson, Passent Chahine

Faculty Scholarship

This article synthesizes past archaeological research on the submerged Egyptian city of Thonis-Heracleion, critically reviewing excavations and technological interventions deployed since its rediscovery by Franck Goddio and the IEASM team. Situated approximately 10 meters beneath Aboukir Bay near Alexandria, the city represents a significant nexus of Greek and Egyptian cultural heritage, vividly documented in classical sources such as Herodotus and Strabo. Prior excavations have recovered temple complexes, colossal statues, ritual artifacts, and an extensive array of ancient shipwrecks, mapping only a fraction of the extensive site. These investigations utilized pioneering geophysical methods, including multibeam sonar, side-scan sonar, and photogrammetry, establishing …

Exposure To Metoprolol And Propranolol Mixtures On Biochemical, Immunohistochemical, And Molecular Alterations In The American Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica, Andrew Salinas, Md Saydur Rahman

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Pharmaceutical drugs, particularly beta-blockers (e.g., metoprolol, propranolol, etc.), are extensively used to treat human cardiovascular conditions, yet pose significant risks to non-target aquatic organisms when introduced into coastal and marine environments via wastewater effluent. This study aimed to investigate the effects of short-term exposure (one week) to environmentally relevant concentrations of metoprolol and propranolol (MP) mixtures (low-dose: 50 ng/L propranolol and 250 ng/L metoprolol, and high-dose: 250 ng/L propranolol and 650 ng/L metoprolol) in the American oyster (Crassostrea virginica, a commercially and ecologically important marine bivalve mollusk) under controlled laboratory conditions. Histopathological assessments revealed structural damage to gills, …

Coda: A Digital System For Generation Of Piano Practice Exercises From Symbolic Music Notation, Annie Tang

Computer Science Senior Theses

Effective practice remains one of the greatest challenges in music education, yet cur- rent digital music tools primarily support only passage engagement or surface-level feedback, failing to provide proactive guidance for overcoming technical challenges within piano repertoire. This thesis presents Coda, a digital system that generates custom piano practice exercises from symbolic music notation based on established piano pedagogy principles that have historically been taught orally.

Unlike existing tools that only provide a viewable symbolic music notation display or only an interface to take notes and record a practice session, Coda uses rule- based algorithmic transformations rooted in pedagogical logic …

A Toda Bracket Convergence Theorem For Multiplicative Spectral Sequences, Eva Belmont

Faculty Scholarship

Moss’ theorem, which relates Massey products in the -page of the classical Adams spectral sequence to Toda brackets of homotopy groups, is one of the main tools for calculating Adams differentials. Working in an arbitrary symmetric monoidal stable simplicial model category, we prove a general version of Moss’ theorem which applies to spectral sequences that arise from filtrations compatible with the monoidal structure. This involves the study of Massey products and Toda brackets in a non-strictly associative context. The theorem has broad applications, e.g., to the computation of the motivic slice spectral sequence and other colocalization towers.

Chatgpt’S Performance Evaluation In Spreadsheets Modeling To Inform Assessments Redesign, Michelle L. F. Cheong

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Background: Increasingly, students are using ChatGPT to assist them in learning and even completing their assessments, raising concerns of academic integrity and loss of critical thinking skills. Many articles suggested educators to redesign assessments which are more “Generative-AI-resistant” and to focus on assessing students on higher order thinking skills. However, there is a lack of articles that attempt to quantify assessments at different cognitive levels to provide empirical study insights on ChatGPT’s performance at different levels, which will affect how educators redesign their assessments.Objectives: Educators need new information on how well ChatGPT performs to redesign future assessments to assess their …

Unsupervised Recognition Of Unknown Objects For Open-World Object Detection, Ruohuan Fang, Guansong Pang, Wenjun Miao, Xiao Bai, Jin Zheng, Xin Ning

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Open-world object detection (OWOD) extends object detection problem to a realistic and dynamic scenario, where a detection model is required to be capable of detecting both known and unknown objects and incrementally learning newly introduced knowledge. Current OWOD models detect the unknowns that exhibit similar features to the known objects, but they suffer from a severe label bias problem, i.e., they tend to detect all regions (including unknown object regions) that are dissimilar to the known objects as part of the background. To eliminate the label bias, this article proposes a novel module, namely reconstruction error-based Weibull (REW) model, that …

Predicting Consumers’ Purchase Intention Of Browsed Products: A Study Based On Eye‑Tracking, Feiyan Jia, Choon Ling Sia, Yani Shi, Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah, Keng Siau

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Predicting consumers’ purchase intention of browsed products enables sellers to implement nuanced promotion strategies to stimulate purchase. But how can we predict consumers’ purchase intention of browsed products? Our research demonstrates that consumers’ eye movement data collected when they browse products can serve this aim. We train and test the prediction model using logistic regression and random forest algorithms. Using data collected in a laboratory experiment, our empirical results show that both algorithms perform much better than a random guess, and the logistic regression performs slightly better than the random forest. Our findings imply that eye movement data enable sellers …

Final Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Unreclaimed Sites: Ur-03 Site Remedial Action Work Plan (Rawp), Pioneer Technical Services, Inc.

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Langlands Reciprocity And The Splitting Behavior Of Primes In Number Fields, Skip E. Moses

Master's Theses

This thesis explores the evolution of reciprocity laws in number theory in order to provide a conceptual bridge between the classical ideas of quadratic reciprocity and the modern framework of the Langlands program. We develop the necessary algebraic background to understand how the splitting behavior of primes in number fields reflects deep arithmetic structure in ℚ. Starting with quadratic fields and cyclotomic extensions, we motivate the development of the Kronecker–Weber theorem and the characterization of abelian extensions of ℚ. We then introduce Artin reciprocity and show how it generalizes quadratic reciprocity through the formalism of Frobenius elements and Artin L-functions. …

Vertical And Latitudinal Variability Of Marine Heatwaves In The California Current, Gavin M. Plume

Master's Theses

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are increasing in frequency and intensity globally, with grave effects on marine ecosystems and their dependent industries. There are significant gaps in knowledge of the subsurface behavior and geographic distribution of MHWs, especially in eastern boundary upwelling systems like the California Current. Here, two decades of full water-column temperature observations from a shallow autonomous profiler in San Luis Obispo Bay (~10m) revealed that while MHWs have similar average durations and intensities across all depths, one-third of bottom MHWs occur without a concurrent surface signal. MHWs across the water column initiated during anomalously weak upwelling or downwelling conditions …

Catalyzed Chemical Recycling Of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) For Enhanced Sustainability, Gilberto J. Hernandez-Leypon Jr.

Master's Theses

Plastics are ubiquitous in the production of consumer and industrial products; their chemical stability, low cost of production, and performance versatility make them the best option for many industries. Their inherent benefits, specifically durability, is the basis for the negative environmental impact of polymers. Improper containment of endof-life polymer products causes unintentional migration into the environment. The monomers for many common polymer types are also fossil fuel based further increasing the environmental impact of the plastic lifecycle. Recycling is a possible method of closing the loop of the plastic lifecycle. Currently most recycling is physical, thermally reprocessing used plastics into …