Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Oregon State Rank Assessment For Oregon Daisy (Erigeron Oreganus), Nora Dunkirk, Sue Vrilakas

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

Oregon state conservation status assessment for Oregon Daisy (Erigeron oreganus) using NatureServe methodology, 2026.

Oregon State Rank Assessment For Bensonia (Bensoniella Oregana), Nora Dunkirk, Sue Vrilakas, Gabriel Campbell

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

Oregon state conservation status assessment for Bensonia (Bensoniella oregana) using NatureServe methodology, 2026.

The Sigma Ring And Other Distinctive Features Of Surface Potentials Of Group 1 Systems, Kelling J. Donald, Victoria Rankin, Brice Di Carlo, Jonathan E. Findley, Ethan B. Leonard

Chemistry Faculty Publications

For a sigma hole induced on a terminal atom, such as a halogen atom (X) in a molecule R-X, it is commonly expected that the maximum potential in that sigma hole will arise along the extension of the R-X bond, opposite the overlap region. We find, however, that for the majority of group 1 halides (MX) that expectation fails. Conventional sigma holes appear on Na in its halides and hydrides, but not so for M = K, Rb, or Cs. Instead, a sigma ring─a latitudinal ring maximum─is observed in the surface potentials of those molecules. That anomaly is examined, and …

Detecting And Correcting Systematic Image Distortion In Digital Atomic-Resolution Images From Crystals: Projected Symmetry Of Graphite Calibration Samples For Scanning Prove Microscopy And Subperiodic Crystals For Aberration-Corrected Transmission Electron Microscopy, Tyler Michael Bortel

Dissertations and Theses

Though it is an impressive technology, Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) produces images commonly plagued by small systematic errors, often called "drift". These effects have a variety of causes, most notably nonlinear behavior of piezoelectric actuator tubes responsible for the positioning of the scanning probe or sample. One result of these distortions is a potential incorrect classification of the symmetry groups and projected Laue classes of recorded images from crystals—made possible by using recently developed objective methods. An implementation of a known method for detecting and correcting these errors is presented. This method operates strictly in Fourier space so as to …

Pseudodifferential Absorbing Boundary Conditions For Waves, Lauren Taylor

Mechanical Engineering Theses

Absorbing boundary conditions (ABCs) are required to truncate the computational domain when performing Finite Element Analyses of exterior acoustic problems where physical domain is unbounded. ABC is applied on a fictitious boundary containing the scatterer and ideally allows outgoing waves to leave without non-physical reflections. Preventing artificial reflections is essential to benefit from the accuracy of the numerical method used. Otherwise, ABC acts as a reflective surface, and artificial reflections distort the solution in the entire domain which is not recoverable by any type of refinement. Pseudodifferential ABCs were used to describe the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map which maps known boundary values …

Security Architecture Decision Framework For Endpoint Protection In Resource-Constrained K-12 Environments, Jason Folker

Journal of Cybersecurity Education, Research and Practice

K-12 educational institutions face an ongoing challenge in protecting endpoints when budgets and staffing prevent the implementation of standard security best practices. Technology directors routinely make difficult decisions about administrative rights, software controls, and security tooling, but they lack frameworks designed for the constraints and priorities specific to educational environments. This paper develops a security architecture decision framework tailored for K-12 endpoint protection. The framework integrates five weighting dimensions to help technology directors evaluate competing architectural choices. These dimensions include educational impact, security risk reduction, resource requirements, compliance obligations, and operational feasibility. The framework creates structured documentation that helps decision-makers …

Coherent Two-Photon Backscattering And Induced Angular Quantum Correlations In Multiple-Scattered Two-Photon States Of The Light, Nooshin M. Estakhri, Theodore B. Norris

Engineering Faculty Articles and Research

We present the emergence of coherent two-photon backscattering, a manifestation of weak localization, in multiple scattering of maximally entangled pure and fully mixed two-photon states and examine the effect of entanglement and classical correlations. Quantum correlations in backscattering are investigated for finite three-dimensional disordered structures in the weak localization regime, as well as systems of a small number of scatterers with specified spatial arrangements. No assumptions are made about the statistical behavior of the scattering matrix elements. Furthermore, we study the interplay between quantum correlations induced by multiple scattering and the correlations that may be present in the illumination fields, …

Ecorxchoice.Com— An Sidp-Funded Calculator Integrating Environmental Metrics With Antimicrobial Stewardship, Pamela S. Lee, Hugh Gordon, Theresa Ferguson, Tien Dinh, Misty Vu, Marina Nguyen, Chaynor Hsiao, Gary Fong

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Healthcare sustainability is a multidisciplinary field that seeks to mitigate healthcare’s environmental consequences. Antimicrobial stewardship and healthcare sustainability both aim to reduce wasteful resource use while maximizing patient safety. However, a strong partnership between antimicrobial stewardship and healthcare sustainability has yet to develop. To facilitate environmentally sustainable decision-making in antimicrobial prescribing, we developed a web-based calculator (EcoRxChoice (www.ecorxchoice.com)) where users can enter different antimicrobial regimens and compare how much plastic waste each regimen creates. This work was supported in part by the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists (SIDP), reflecting SIDP’s commitment to strengthening sustainability as a practical extension of antimicrobial …

Mental Health Self-Perceptions And Resource Utilization In Undergraduate Students At Binghamton University, Nicole J. Dreznin, Sarah Marcus

Binghamton University Undergraduate Journal

Undergraduate students face increasing rates of mental health challenges, however discrepancies in mental health literacy and utilization of resources may exist across student populations. This study examined the perceptions of mental health in undergraduate students at Binghamton University and if they differed among STEM vs non-STEM, man vs. women, and first-generation vs. continuing generation undergraduate students. A 20-question survey, containing 5 demographic questions and 15 mental health related questions was distributed through Qualtrics to 9 undergraduate classes. The available response choices were based on the Likert scale. A total of 1266 students participated.  Chi square tests of independence were done …

The Exergy Of Materials With Application To Socio-Economic Metabolisms And Industrial Ecology, Matthew Kuperus Heun, Erin Schuman, Sofie Schumerth, Tânia Sousa

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

2026 International Society for Industrial Ecology Socio-Economic Metabolism (ISIE-SEM) Conference Cabridge University, Cambridge, England

Analytic Solutions To Oceanographic Kinematic Property Equations, James Turbett

Theses and Dissertations

With the recent advent of large submesoscale drifter deployments, interpreting the timeseries of kinematic properties (KP) - divergence, vorticity, shear, and normal strain rates observed therein is a pressing issue. The evolution equations for the four KP are derived from the two-dimensional momentum conservation equations. The resulting equations, a nonlinear coupled system of ordinary differential equations, capture the submesoscale motion of drifters along fixed ocean surfaces, with time and space scales on the order of days and kilometers. This thesis builds theory around KP timeseries behavior by solving for the analytic solutions in the particular cases that one KP is …

Real-Time Image Denoising And Reconstruction Using Generative Adversarial Networks (Gans), Roa'a M. Al_Airaji, Haider Th. Salim Alrikabi, Rula Kamil, Svyd Iryna

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

This paper presents a real-time image denoising and reconstruction system based on a compact Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) designed for embedded systems and edge computing. The proposed model employs a [ generator and a PatchGAN discriminator, trained using hybrid loss function that combines L1, perceptual, and adversarial terms to balance pixel and perceptual realism. Evaluations were conducted on multiple datasets, including DIV2K, BSD68, SIDD, DND, RENOIR, and PolyU at noise levels (σ = 15, 25, 50). Quantitatively, the proposed model achieves an average PSNR of 32.8 dB and an SSIM of 0.88, which is higher by more than 3 dB …

Mapping And Diagnosing Local Climate Zones For Urban Heat Assessment And Planning In Tropical Cities, Inuwa Sani Sani, Adi Wibowo

Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development

Rapid urbanization and rising heat risk are intensifying thermal stress and environmental degradation in tropical cities. This study applies the Local Climate Zone (LCZ) framework to examine how urban morphology influences land surface temperature (LST) and to support evidence-based urban planning and climate adaptation in Makassar, Indonesia. We hypothesized that compact built LCZs (1–3) exhibit significantly higher LST than vegetated LCZs (A–G). Landsat 8 OLI and MODIS LST datasets (2013–2023) were processed in Google Earth Engine to evaluate decade-long urban development and thermal dynamics. LCZs were classified using a Random Forest (RF) model trained with approximately 100 manually digitized polygons …

Development And Evaluation Of A Community-Based Water Quality Monitoring Program In Mississippi, Beth H. Baker, Lily Langstaff, Mona Dominguez, Sergio Ruiz-Cordova, Eric Sparks, Madison Gnoose

Journal of Extension

Community-based water monitoring (CBWM) programs provide mechanisms for education and water quality data collection. In this pilot program, we adapted a long-standing CBWM program from Alabama to Mississippi. We assessed the efficacy of the initial program implementation in promoting changes in knowledge, skills, and behavior of participants. Results indicated that 94% of survey respondents reported increased knowledge, 96% reported learning a new skill, and 99% reported an intention to start monitoring, but only 33% engaged in active monitoring. This evaluation summary offers data-driven strategies to expand and adopt CBWM into Extension curricula that build knowledge, skills, and capacity for community …

Energy Efficiency Limits And Future Electricity Demand Of Computing Devices, Ricardo Pinto, Tiago Domingos, Paul E. Brockway, Matthew Kuperus Heun, Tânia Sousa

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

• ICT (information and communication technologies) represented 4% of the world electricity consumption in 2020; 
• Computing devices represented 2% of the world electricity consumption in 2020; 
• In recent scenarios datacentre electricity demand reaches 3% of world electricity in 2030, and more than 4% in 2035

Coupled-Pendulum Modeling In An Ode Class: An Assignment On Fourier-Initialized Gradient Descent In Machine Learning, Huy Truong, Andrew Bennett

CODEE Journal

As data-driven methods are increasingly used in science and engineering, students benefit from learning to integrate machine learning techniques with traditional mathematical modeling. We present a hands-on extra-credit assignment for an undergraduate ordinary differential equations (ODE) course that enables students to compare classical analytical methods with data-driven approaches on the same physical system. Using a coupled-pendulum system---two pendulums connected by a spring---with real experimental data acquired via video tracking of a real physical setup, students work through three models in a guided Jupyter notebook with all code provided. First, they fit a neural network with Fourier features as a purely …

Heterogeneous Graph-Augmented Contrastive Learning For Extreme Multi-Class Fiqh Classification, Ali A. Jalil

Al-Bahir

• Background/Introduction: Fine-grained text classification in the field of Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh) is difficult because of the structural interdependence of the legal concepts and the extremely multi-class long-tail data distribution (667 classes with 5,979 samples, 52.2% of which contain less than 5 samples). The main problem with traditional flat classifiers is that they assume that target classes are independent and orthogonal output neurons which discards very important relational semantics.
• Objectives: This paper seeks to remediate this extreme imbalance and maintain structural taxonomy by modeling the structural space of classification label space itself as an object to be learned, while giving a …

Differential Topology And The Poincaré-Hopf Theorem, Tara Saini

Rose-Hulman Undergraduate Mathematics Journal

In this paper, we will develop the ideas needed to understand and prove the Poincaré–Hopf Theorem, which connects the local behavior of smooth vector fields to global topological properties. We will begin by introducing smooth manifolds and smooth maps, which are the basis of differential topology. We will then define derivatives of smooth maps through tangent spaces and use these to classify points. To build toward the theorem, we will introduce orientation, degree, and smooth vector fields. These concepts will culminate in a proof of the Poincaré–Hopf Theorem, aided by Brouwer’s Fixed Point Theorem. Finally, we will apply the result …

A Closed Form For The Pulsar Sequence, Ryan Z. Liu

Rose-Hulman Undergraduate Mathematics Journal

In this paper, we study the Pulsar Sequence, an integer sequence derived from Latin-square-based “Pulsar puzzles” introduced by the Cracking the Cryptic YouTube channel. A Pulsar puzzle consists of two interlocked spirals of circled and uncircled squares, generating the Dual and Pulsar sequences, respectively. We investigate the properties of the Pulsar puzzle and focus our work on constructing the Pulsar Sequence, allowing us to solve a Pulsar puzzle of any size. A general formula to calculate any term of the Pulsar Sequence is proposed at the end of the paper.

A Categorical Framework For Modeling Genetic Drift, Taylor G. Mendes

Rose-Hulman Undergraduate Mathematics Journal

Genetic drift describes changes in allele frequencies that arise from chance sampling in finite populations. This paper develops a categorical framework for organizing the structural features of drift. Population states are modeled as objects, evolutionary transitions as morphisms, reversible transitions as groupoid morphisms, and structure-preserving comparisons between models as functors. Group actions are used to describe deterministic evolutionary operators such as mutation and selection, while orbits and fixed points identify reachable allele-frequency states and stable absorbing outcomes. Universal properties are then used to describe drift as a coherence condition connecting stochastic transitions with deterministic evolutionary maps. The resulting framework complements …

Multiplicity Of Laplacian Eigenvalues That Can Be Represented By Sum Of Two Squares Using Number Theory, Changfeng Zhou

Rose-Hulman Undergraduate Mathematics Journal

In this article, we use results of Number Theory to prove the conjecture on the eigenvalue problem of a 2D elliptic PDE proposed by P.Korman in his recent paper \cite{ref}: for any even integer $2k$, one can find an eigenvalue $N$ that can be represented as $N=a^{2}+b^{2}$, with integers $a\neq b$ with multiplicity $2k$, while for any odd integer $2k + 1$, one can find an integer $M$ that can be represented as $M=a^{2}+b^{2}$ with $a\neq b$ and multiplicity $2k+1$. In addition, the manuscript gives the formula to find those $N$'s.

Symmetries In Apollonian Circle Packings, Clyde Kertzer

Rose-Hulman Undergraduate Mathematics Journal

An Apollonian circle packing is generated from a Descartes quadruple (a set of four mutually tangent circles) by repeatedly filling the spaces between mutually tangent circles with further tangent circles. By studying the circles' curvatures $a,b,c,d$, two distinct types of symmetric packings appear: one where $a+b+c=d$ and one where $c=d$. We give complete parameterizations of these symmetric packings and count how many packings of each type are contained by a given enclosing circle.

Warm-Air And Forced-Air Ventilation Drying Of Grass Seeds, Werner Maltry

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

For the design of warm-air conveyor driers and of ventilated bins to be used for grass seeds drying, certain parameters of the drying characteristics under varying conditions must be known. Investigations in a climatized cham­ber with seeds from different plant species at varying bulk height, inlet air temperature, and rate of air flow have shown the drying charac­teristics of a layer to be quite similar to those of a single drying crop. The curve of the drying velocity can be approximated by two branches, a first branch with constant drying velocity and a second straight-lined declining branch. The whole oper­ation …

Problems Of Phytophagous And Pollinating Insect Control Of Seed Lucerne In France, Rene Bournoville, Pierre Guy, Jean-Noel Tasei, Alain Delaude F.N.A.M.S

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This paper is concerned with two factors of lucerne seed yields: phytophagous and pollina­tor insects. There are three groups of phytophagous insects, i.e. foliage species: Acyrthosiphon pisum, Apion pisi, Hypera variabilis, Colaspidema atrum; gall midges: Dasyneura ignorata, Conta­rinia medicaginis; and seed pests: Laspeyresia medicaginis, Tychius aureolus, Adelphocoris line­olatus, Lygus rugulipennis, Bruchophagus roddi. Net sweeping, yellow dish trapping, and gall rearing were used for population and flight observation. Laboratory tests were carried out to deter­mine the susceptibility of Miridae bugs, pre­dators, and pollinators to insecticides. The possibility of rearing and multiplying Megachile pacifica was demonstrated. Studies on its local enemies and …

Progress In Grass Seed Production Through Specialization And Concentration, Heinz Hartmann

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Specialization and concentration •in grass seed production require a long-term development programme. Such development programme has to be put into effect planfully and from year to year by all partners involved. The crews in charge of actual production must be in command of up-to-date seed-growing technologies and see with great continuity to their own further education. Both the farms and nationally-owned enter­prises for seed and planting stocks (VEB Saat­und Pflanzgut) must be furnished with efficient machinery and other facilities for adequate col­lection, treatment, and marketing of grass seed. A complex quality-ensuring system has to be established for high-accuracy control and …

The Effect Of Closing Date, Stocking Rate, And Nitrogen Application On Seed And Wool Production From Tall Fescue (Festuca Arundinacea Schreb.) Pastures, Christopher M. Williams, Kevin G. Boyce

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effects of closing dates, stocking rates, and nitrogen application on seed and wool production of Demeter tall fescue in South Australia are described. Seed production and gross income were greatest at an intermediate closing date (8 September), at the highest level of nitrogen and highest stocking rate. Late closings (6 October and 3 November) resulted in severe depressions in seed yield and gross incomes. Stocking rates of 15 and 30 sheep/ha caused a similar large reduction in seed yield at late closing dates. The gross value of the extra wool produced from late closing date treat­ments (although up to …

New Problems And Results Of Grass Breeding In The Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, Frantisek Bures

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Turf grass species are among the topics of forage grass breeding in Czechoslovakia at present. Breeding goals, however, are highly differentiat­ed, and testing methods have to be adjusted to that diversity of purposes. Agrostis tenuis Sibth., 'Golf variety, is a perennial turf grass which forms short stolons. Tiller formation has been 263/dm2 on average over several years. Its colour is deep green, and the grass is unpretentious in terms of nutrition and soil. Mean root expansibility is 6.9 per cent, mean tensile strength 3,249 kg/cm2, and aver­age compressive strength 112,768 gcm/cm3. Frequent deep mowing is well tolerated. Variety 'K 7' …

Ms- Based Hybrid Breeding In Lolium Perenne L., Inge Gaue

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Hybrid breeding in Lolium perenne is possible by use of male sterility (ms). To get a suitable basis for successful breeding it is necessary to search, analyze, and confirm plants with male sterility. Over four years we have developed fixator lines and ms-analogous lines and began to test their combining ability. The analysis of anther design in 16 ms-analogous lines showed the level of sterility to be highest in the white­steriles. A breeding programme has been devel­oped that makes possible the production of commercial hybrid seed in the 10th year after the beginning of breeding work.

Investigation Of Male Sterility In Lolium Perenne L. As Influenced By Environmental Conditions, Eicke Rudloff

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

By means of a classification of anther design, field-grown male sterile clones of Lolium perenne were found to differ greatly from greenhouse­grown clones as to their variability in the phenotypic manifestation of sterility (PMS). Only 8.7 % white-steriles were found as com­pared with the results obtained from field assess­ment. White-steriles were also found in plants that showed a different PMS in the field. In the greenhouse, up to 93 p.c. of the plants were fertiles, with several provenances producing no fertile phenotypes at all. This is indicative of the fact that PMS would be influenced by the gen­otype. Additional nitrogen …

Particularities Regarding The Manifestation Of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility In Dactylis Glomerata L., Grigori Kuleshov, Aelita Kremnina, Valentina Korovina

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Chemical mutagenics were found to induce male sterility in M1 of Dactylis glomerata L., this character being transmitted in the following generations under conditions of open pollina­tion and pair matings. The respective segrega­tions in the families obtained from test cross­ings, open pollination, and pair matings of sterile plants, and the existence of sterility fixers allow to suppose that in M1, M2, and M3 the sterile forms have cytoplasmic male sterility and are represented by recessive homozygotes with sterile cytoplasm. The study of the meiosis of the male-sterile forms induced by chemical mutagenics has revealed that disturbances in the course of …