Preventive Medicine Commons^™

Recent Trends In Exposure To Secondhand Smoke In The United States Population, Chieh-I Chen, Tanya Burton, Christine L. Baker, Vera Mastey, David M. Mannino

David M. Mannino

Background Previous research using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) data documented a significant downward trend in secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure between 1988 and 2002. The objective of this study was to assess whether the downward trend in exposure continued from 2001 through 2006.

Methods We analyzed data from the 2001-2006 NHANES to estimate exposure of nonsmokers to SHS. Geometric means of serum cotinine levels for all nonsmokers were computed.

Results Overall serum cotinine levels (95% Confidence Intervals) in 2001-2002, 2003-2004, and 2005-2006 were 0.06 ng/mL (0.05-0.07), 0.07 ng/mL (0.06-0.09), and 0.05 ng/mL (0.05-0.06), respectively. Subgroup analysis by …

Coffee And Tea Intake And Risk Of Breast Cancer, Awang Bulgiba

Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud

Known risk factors account for about 10-15% of breast cancer incidence suggesting that lifestyle exposures are crucial in its etiology. Previous epidemiological studies on the association between coffee and tea consumption and breast cancer risk have been inconsistent. We investigated the association of coffee and tea consumption with the risk of breast cancer among women in EPIC-NL cohort, a population-based prospective cohort in Netherlands with 27,323 participants. Exposure was measured by a validated food frequency questionnaire, and the outcome was verified by direct linkage with the Netherlands Cancer Registry. A total of 681 invasive primary breast cancers were diagnosed in …

Association Between Obesity, Depression, And Inflammation Among Seventh-Day Adventists In The Biopsychosocial Religion And Health Study, Michael Paalani

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The effects of obesity and depression on morbidity and mortality may be mediated by inflammatory processes. Homeostasis within the immune system depends on a balance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine molecules, so chronic inflammatory diseases may result from cytokine dysregulation. The target population consisted of 508 Seventh Day Adventists (SDAs) who participated in the Biopsychosocial Religion and Health Study (BHRS), a sub-study of the Adventist Health Study-2. The study was a cross-sectional analysis of the association between obesity, depression, and inflammation after controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, health behavioral, and health status variables among BHRS participants.

Obesity was assessed by body …

Qualidade De Vida No Trabalho: Indicadores E Instrumentos De Medidas / Quality Of Work Life: Indicators And Instruments Of Measure, Everton Fernando Alves

Everton Fernando Alves

The measurement of Quality of Life at Work (QLW) has been emerging in the scientific community as an important tool for investigating and evaluating the occupational health of individuals in a holistic manner. The measurement instruments are developed for many different purposes and directions, being held by generic scales of health status and specific scales to a given situation. The objective of this study is to discuss important aspects related to QLW and present in a systematic concept, indicators and measurement instruments used and validated in Brazil. Was conducted a study of narrative review of available knowledge in the literature, …

Job Strain Among Malaysian Office Workers Of A Multinational Company, Awang Bulgiba

Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud

Aims To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with high job strain among office workers of a multinational company in Malaysia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in November 2007 among 470 eligible workers. Respondents self-administered the Job Content Questionnaire downloaded from the company's intranet. A median-split procedure was applied to create four groups according to the Job Demand-Control Model: active, passive, high and low job strain. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations between socio-demographic, occupational and psychosocial factors and high job strain. Results A total of 356 questionnaires were received (response rate 76%). Twenty-one per cent …

Development Of The Lung Function Questionnaire (Lfq) To Identify Airflow Obstruction, Barbara P. Yawn, Douglas W. Mapel, David M. Mannino, Fernando J. Martinez, James F. Donohue, Nicola A. Hanania, Mark Kosinski, Regina Rendas-Baum, Matthew Mintz, Steven Samuels, Anand A. Dalal

David M. Mannino

Objective:

To describe the item-selection and item-reduction for the Lung Function Questionnaire (LFQ), being developed to help clinicians identify patients appropriate for diagnostic evaluation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using spirometry.

Methods:

Item selection and reduction were based on information from 387 ≥40-year-old respondents to the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who had self-reported chronic bronchitis. Item reduction involved stepwise logistic regression. The accuracy of the final subset of items for identifying individuals with airflow obstruction (forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity <0.70) versus those without it was assessed with receiver operating characteristic analysis. Content and face validity were assessed using focus groups of primary care physicians (n = 16) and interviews with COPD patients (n = 16).

Results:

The model with all five items (age; smoking history; the presence of …

The Modified Ncep Atp Iii Criteria Maybe Better Than The Idf Criteria In Diagnosing Metabolic Syndrome Among Malays In Kuala Lumpur, Awang Bulgiba

Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud

Background: Metabolic Syndrome is associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, different diagnostic criteria have been recommended by different expert groups. In Malaysia, there is a lack of research comparing these different diagnostic criteria. Therefore, it is our aim to study the concordance between the IDF and the modified NCEP ATP III definitions of Metabolic Syndrome among a Malay cohort in Kuala Lumpur; and to demonstrate if all participants have the same cardiometabolic risks. Methods: This was an analytical cross sectional study. Ethics approval was obtained and informed consent was given by all participants. Anthropometric …

Características Dos Acidentes De Trânsito Com Vítimas De Atropelamento No Município De Maringá-Pr, 2005-2008 / Characteristics Of Traffic Accidents From 2005 To 2008 With Run Over Victims In Maringá, Pr, Brazil., Everton Fernando Alves

Everton Fernando Alves

Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo descritivo, que teve por objetivo conhecer as características dos acidentes de trânsito por atropelamento no município de Maringá entre 2005 e 2008. Para o estudo foram consideradas as vítimas de acidentes de trânsito por atro-pelamentos ocorridos em Maringá, no período de 2005 a 2008, através dos dados do Registro Geral de Ocorrência – RGO do 5º Grupamento de Bombeiros (GB). Foram identificadas 1841 vítimas. Do total de víti-mas, foi estudado o número de ocorrências registradas (1486), distribu-ídos em 399 no ano de 2005, 376 em 2006, 361 em 2007 e 350 no ano de 2008. …

Becoming A Father, David J. Malebranche

David J Malebranche

No abstract provided.

Exploring The "Bisexual Bridge": A Qualitative Study Of Risk Behavior And Disclosure Of Same-Sex Behavior Among Black Bisexual Men, David J. Malebranche, Kim Arriola, Tyrrell R. Jenkins, Emily Dauria, Shilpa N. Patel

David J Malebranche

Objectives. We explored factors influencing sexual behavior, disclosure of same-sex behavior, and condom-use practices among Black bisexual men. Methods. We conducted semistructured interviews with 38 Black men in Atlanta, Georgia, who reported having had oral, vaginal, or anal sex with both men and women in the prior 6 months. Results. Participants described approaches to disclosure of same-sex behavior as part of a complex decisional balance influenced by both situational and individual factors and ranging from full disclosure to total secrecy. Influences on sexual behavior and condom-use practices included: (1) type of relationship, (2) gender-specific considerations, (3) perceptions of comfort or …

Prevalence And Correlates Of Physical Disability And Functional Limitation Among Community Dwelling Older People In Rural Malaysia, A Middle Income Country, Awang Bulgiba

Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud

Background: The prevalence and correlates of physical disability and functional limitation among older people have been studied in many developed countries but not in a middle income country such as Malaysia. The present study investigated the epidemiology of physical disability and functional limitation among older people in Malaysia and compares findings to other countries. Methods: A population-based cross sectional study was conducted in Alor Gajah, Malacca. Seven hundred and sixty five older people aged 60 years and above underwent tests of functional limitation (Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment Tool). Data were also collected for self reported activities of daily living …