Psychiatry Commons^™

Motivation Rulers For Smoking Cessation: A Prospective Observational Examination Of Construct And Predictive Validity, Edwin D. Boudreaux, Ashley F. Sullivan, Beau W. Abar, Steven L. Bernstein, Adit A. Ginde, Carlos A. Camargo Jr.

Open Access Articles

BACKGROUND: Although popular clinically, the psychometric properties of motivation rulers for tobacco cessation are unknown. This study examined the psychometric properties of rulers assessing importance, readiness, and confidence in tobacco cessation.

METHODS: This observational study of current smokers was conducted at 10 US emergency departments (EDs). Subjects were assessed during their ED visit (baseline) and reassessed two weeks later. We examined intercorrelations between the rulers as well as their construct and predictive validity. Hierarchical multinomial logistic regressions were used to examine the rulers' predictive ability after controlling for covariables.

RESULTS: We enrolled 375 subjects. The correlations between the three rulers ...

Smoking, Cardiac Symptoms, And An Emergency Care Visit: A Mixed Methods Exploration Of Cognitive And Emotional Reactions, Karyn A. Tappe, Edwin D. Boudreaux, Beth Bock, Erin L. O'Hea, Brigitte M. Baumann, Steven Hollenberg, Bruce M. Becker, Gretchen B. Chapman

Open Access Articles

Emergency departments and hospitals are being urged to implement onsite interventions to promote smoking cessation, yet little is known about the theoretical underpinnings of behavior change after a healthcare visit.

This observational pilot study evaluated three factors that may predict smoking cessation after an acute health emergency: perceived illness severity, event-related emotions, and causal attribution. Fifty smokers who presented to a hospital because of suspected cardiac symptoms were interviewed, either in the emergency department (ED) or, for those who were admitted, on the cardiac inpatient units. Their data were analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative methodologies to capture the individual ...

Sociocultural Influences On Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors In Older African Americans, Barry W. Rovner, Robin J. Casten, Lynn Fields Harris

Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Faculty Papers

Objective. The purpose of this observational study was to describe the associations between cultural beliefs that are prevalent in older African Americans and adherence to diabetes self-management (DSM) behaviors.

Methods. In a community population of 110 older African Americans with type 2 diabetes, the investigators administered surveys that assess present time orientation (PTO), future time orientation (FTO), and religiosity, as well as exercising habits, reading food labels, and checking blood glucose.

Results. Participants who reported regularly exercising had significantly lower PTO scores and higher FTO and religiosity scores than participants who did not regularly exercise. Similarly, participants who reported reading ...

Individuals With Single Versus Multiple Suicide Attempts Over 10 Years Of Prospective Follow-Up, Christina L. Boisseaua, Shirley Yen, John C. Markowitz, Carlos M. Grilo, Charles A. Sanislow, M. Tracie Shea, Mary C. Zanarini, Andrew E. Skodol, John G. Gunderson, Leslie C. Morey, Thomas H. Mcglashan

Division II Faculty Publications

Background: The study attempted to identify characteristics that differentiate multiple suicide attempters from single attempters in individuals with personality disorders (PDs) and/or major depression.

Method: Participants were 431 participants enrolled in the Collaborative Longitudinal Study of Personality Disorders from July 1996 to June 2008. Suicide attempts were assessed with the Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation at 6 and 12months, then yearly through 10years. Logistic regression was used to compare single attempters to multiple attempters on Axis I and II psychiatric disorders and personality trait variables.

Results: Twenty-one percent of participants attempted suicide during the 10years of observation, with 39 (9 ...

Socioeconomic-Status And Mental Health In A Personality Disorder Sample: The Importance Of Neighborhood Factors, Zach Walsh, M. Tracie Shea, Shirley Yen, Emily B. Ansell, Carlos M. Grilo, Thomas H. Mcglashan, Robert L. Stout, Donna S. Bender, Andrew E. Skodol, Charles A. Sanislow, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson

Division II Faculty Publications

This cross-sectional study examined the associations between neighborhood-level socioeconomic-status (NSES), and psychosocial functioning and personality pathology among 335 adults drawn from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study. Participants belonged to four personality disorder (PD) diagnostic groups: Avoidant, Borderline, Schizotypal, and Obsessive Compulsive. Global functioning, social adjustment, and PD symptoms were assessed following a minimum two-year period of residential stability. Residence in higher-risk neighborhoods was associated with more PD symptoms and lower levels of functioning and social adjustment. These relationships were consistent after controlling for individual-level socioeconomic-status and ethnicity; however, the positive association between neighborhood-level socio-economic risk and PD symptoms was ...

The Fear Factor In Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Lex Denysenko, Md, Robin Hanson, Md, Jessica Mosier, Md, Ethan J. Halpern, Md

Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Faculty Papers

Presented at: Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine in Atlanta Georgia.

BACKGROUND

•Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is a transient, reversible acute cardiac syndrome that mimics acute MI

•Reportedly frequently precipitated by an emotionally stressful event

•Excessive catecholamine release is a possible pathophysiologic mechanism¹

•Prevalence of anxiety and mood disorders in TCM patients varies among studies, ranging from 21-40%^2,3

Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy And Catatonia: An Acute Stress Connection?, Lex Denysenko, Md, Rachel Shmuts, Do, Adam Trenton, Do, Ethan J. Halpern, Md, Madeleine Becker, Md

Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND

•Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM):

•transient left ventricular dysfunction

•ECG changes and symptoms mimicking acute MI

•often precipitated by emotional stressor

•Catatonia is a psychomotor syndrome most commonly seen in mood disorders

•This is the first known reported case of TCM co-occurring with catatonia in the setting of acute psychological trauma and bereavement

Data Sharing And Publishing In The Field Of Neuroimaging, Janis L. Breeze, Jean-Baptiste Poline, David N. Kennedy

Psychiatry Publications and Presentations

There is growing recognition of the importance of data sharing in the neurosciences, and in particular in the field of neuroimaging research, in order to best make use of the volumes of human subject data that have been acquired to date. However, a number of barriers, both practical and cultural, continue to impede the widespread practice of data sharing; these include: lack of standard infrastructure and tools for data sharing, uncertainty about how to organize and prepare the data for sharing, and researchers’ fears about unattributed data use or missed opportunities for publication. A further challenge is how the scientific ...

Multimodal Imaging Of The Self-Regulating Developing Brain, Anders M. Fjell, Kristine Beate Walhovd, Timothy T. Brown, Joshua M. Kuperman, Yoonho Chung, Donald J. Hagler Jr., Vijay Venkatraman, J. Cooper Roddey, Matthew Erhart, Connor Mccabe, Natacha Akshoomoff, David G. Amaral, Cinnamon S. Bloss, Ondrej Libiger, Burcu F. Darst, Nicholas J. Schork, B. J. Casey, Linda Chang, Thomas M. Ernst, Jeffrey R. Gruen, Walter E. Kaufmann, Tal Kenet, Jean A. Frazier, Sarah S. Murray, Elizabeth R. Sowell, Peter Van Zijl, Stewart Mostofsky, Terry L. Jernigan, Anders Dale

Psychiatry Publications and Presentations

Self-regulation refers to the ability to control behavior, cognition, and emotions, and self-regulation failure is related to a range of neuropsychiatric problems. It is poorly understood how structural maturation of the brain brings about the gradual improvement in self-regulation during childhood. In a large-scale multicenter effort, 735 children (4-21 y) underwent structural MRI for quantification of cortical thickness and surface area and diffusion tensor imaging for quantification of the quality of major fiber connections. Brain development was related to a standardized measure of cognitive control (the flanker task from the National Institutes of Health Toolbox), a critical component of self-regulation ...

Multi-Scale Motility Amplitude Associated With Suicidal Thoughts In Major Depression, Premananda Indic, Greg Murray, Carlo Maggini, Mario Amore, Tiziana Meschi, Loris Borghi, Ross J. Baldessarini, Paola Salvatore

Open Access Articles

Major depression occurs at high prevalence in the general population, often starts in juvenile years, recurs over a lifetime, and is strongly associated with disability and suicide. Searches for biological markers in depression may have been hindered by assuming that depression is a unitary and relatively homogeneous disorder, mainly of mood, rather than addressing particular, clinically crucial features or diagnostic subtypes. Many studies have implicated quantitative alterations of motility rhythms in depressed human subjects. Since a candidate feature of great public-health significance is the unusually high risk of suicidal behavior in depressive disorders, we studied correlations between a measure (vulnerability ...

The Fractal Nature And Functional Connectivity Of Brain Function As Measured By Bold Mri In Alzheimer’S Disease, Mohammed A. Warsi

Open Access Dissertations and Theses

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a degenerative disease with progressive deterioration of neural networks in the brain. Fractal dimension analysis (FD) of resting state blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals acquired using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allows us to quantify complex signalling in the brain and may offer a window into the network erosion. This novel approach can provide a sensitive tool to examine early stages of AD. As AD progresses, we expect to see a reduction in brain connectivity and signal complexity concurrent with biochemical changes (e.g. altered levels of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), myoinositol (mI) and glutamate ...

The Social Experiences Of Spouses Of Persons With Young-Onset Dementia, Stacey A. Hawkins

Open Access Dissertations and Theses

Spousal caregivers of persons with young-onset dementia (YOD) are known to experience significant social impacts, including family conflict, social avoidance, and marginalization. However, no qualitative study has examined the social experiences of YOD spousal caregivers within the Canadian context. This thesis examined the described social experiences of these caregivers. A descriptive, qualitative approach was used to study the nature of these social experiences using in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Ten YOD spousal caregivers living in Ontario completed the study. Four themes emerged from the analysis: sources of social support, giving up activities in favour of new activities, adapting and maintaining in social ...

Socioeconomic-Status And Mental Health In A Personality Disorder Sample: The Importance Of Neighborhood Factors, Zach Walsh, M. Tracie Shea, Shirley Yen, Emily B. Ansell, Carlos M. Grilo, Thomas H. Mcglashan, Robert L. Stout, Donna S. Bender, Andrew E. Skodol, Charles A. Sanislow, Leslie C. Morey, John G. Gunderson

Charles A. Sanislow

This cross-sectional study examined the associations between neighborhood-level socioeconomic-status (NSES), and psychosocial functioning and personality pathology among 335 adults drawn from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study. Participants belonged to four personality disorder (PD) diagnostic groups: Avoidant, Borderline, Schizotypal, and Obsessive Compulsive. Global functioning, social adjustment, and PD symptoms were assessed following a minimum two-year period of residential stability. Residence in higher-risk neighborhoods was associated with more PD symptoms and lower levels of functioning and social adjustment. These relationships were consistent after controlling for individual-level socioeconomic-status and ethnicity; however, the positive association between neighborhood-level socio-economic risk and PD symptoms was ...

Individuals With Single Versus Multiple Suicide Attempts Over 10 Years Of Prospective Follow-Up, Christina L. Boisseaua, Shirley Yen, John C. Markowitz, Carlos M. Grilo, Charles A. Sanislow, M. Tracie Shea, Mary C. Zanarini, Andrew E. Skodol, John G. Gunderson, Leslie C. Morey, Thomas H. Mcglashan

Charles A. Sanislow

Background: The study attempted to identify characteristics that differentiate multiple suicide attempters from single attempters in individuals with personality disorders (PDs) and/or major depression.

Method: Participants were 431 participants enrolled in the Collaborative Longitudinal Study of Personality Disorders from July 1996 to June 2008. Suicide attempts were assessed with the Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation at 6 and 12months, then yearly through 10years. Logistic regression was used to compare single attempters to multiple attempters on Axis I and II psychiatric disorders and personality trait variables.

Results: Twenty-one percent of participants attempted suicide during the 10years of observation, with 39 (9 ...

Parenting And Mental Illness: A Group For Mothers, Yael Dvir

Psychiatry Publications and Presentations

Describes a support group program offered to assist mothers with mental illness.

Do Antipsychotic Dose Reduction Trials Result In Worsening Behavior Among Nursing Home Residents With Dementia: A Systematic Review Of The Literature, Jennifer Tjia, Abir O. Kanaan, Jennifer L. Donovan

Clinical and Translational Science Research Retreat

Background: While federal regulations require gradual dose reduction trials of antipsychotics prescribed for behavior management in nursing home (NH) residents with dementia, widespread concern about precipitating behavioral disturbances limits implementation. We conducted a systematic review of clinical trials reducing antipsychotic drug use in NH residents to determine best dose reduction practices and risk of behavior escalation.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts between January 1970 and October 2011 using the terms “antipsychotic agent or neuroleptic agent,” “dementia,” “nursing homes,” and “withdrawal.” One investigator reviewed abstracts for inclusion based on: English-language, human subjects ...

Gender-Specific Factors Associated With Readiness To Quit Smoking Among Korean Americans, Sun Kim, David Kalman, Douglas M. Ziedonis

Clinical and Translational Science Research Retreat

Introduction: The study examined gender differences in smoking and factors associated with three stages of readiness to quit smoking (precontemplation with no quit intention in the next 6 months, contemplation with a quit intention in the next 6 months but not in the next month, and preparation with a quit intention in the next month) among Korean Americans.

Method: The study is a telephone survey with a randomly selected sample from an online telephone directory. Inclusion criteria for participation were (a) being of 18 and older, (b) identifying self as Korean, and (c) having smoked daily for at least six ...

Candi Store: An Infrastructure For Neuroimage Storage And Processing, Christian Haselgrove, Steven M. Hodge, Pallavi Rane, Jean A. Frazier, David N. Kennedy

Clinical and Translational Science Research Retreat

In order to support the local data management need for neuroimaging researchers at UMass Medical School within the Child and Adolescent NeuroDevelopment Initiative (CANDI) and beyond, we have implemented a XNAT (xnat.org) instance called CANDIStore. XNAT is an open source imaging informatics platform, developed by the Neuroinformatics Research Group at Washington University. It facilitates common management, productivity, and quality assurance tasks for imaging and associated data. Located securely within the medical school firewall, CANDIStore offers a comprehensive set of image management tools. Users can be authenticated based against their UMass credentials, create private projects, manage research team access, DICOM ...

Mood Disorders And Trauma: What Are The Associations?, Yael Dvir, Michael Hill, Steven M. Hodge, Jean A. Frazier

Clinical and Translational Science Research Retreat

Objectives: Mood dysregulation in traumatized children may be misdiagnosed as bipolar disorder (BD) and conversely, the diagnosis of BD overlooked. Our aim is to characterize the relationship between trauma and mood dysregulation and pediatric BD.

Methods: We are assessing youths ages 8-18 who present with mood symptoms and past trauma divided into two groups: 1. Trauma+Unmodified DSM-IV-TR BD (T+BD) and 2. Trauma+Mood Disorder NOS (T+MD). Differences in clinical variables between groups are analyzed using t-tests for continuous and chi-square tests for categorical variables (α= 0.05).

Results: Age at onset of trauma for youth with T ...

Disrupted Resting-State Functional Connectivity In Medication-Free Women With Postpartum Depression, Kristina M. Deligiannidis, Elif M. Sikoglu, Anthony J. Rothschild, Constance M. Moore

Clinical and Translational Science Research Retreat

Background: Women are at increased risk of developing depression in the postpartum, a time of gonadal steroid flux. Abnormalities of gonadal steroids have been identified in some depressed women at times of reproductive flux. Gonadal steroids modulate corticocortical and corticolimbic functional connectivity (FC) in healthy, non-puerperal subjects; however there are no published studies of FC in postpartum depression (PPD).

Methods: Healthy comparison (HCS) (n=9) and medication-free subjects with unipolar PPD (n=8) were scanned at 3-9 weeks postpartum (using 3T Philips MRI) while ‘at rest’ with eyes open. Data analysis was carried out using SPM-8 and Data Processing Assistant ...