Oncology Commons^™

Giant Synovial Cell Sarcoma Of The Thorax In A 46-Year-Old Man: A Case Report., Saulat Hasnain Fatimi, Taimur Saleem

Saulat Fatimi

Background:Although synovial cell sarcoma is a common tumor of the extremities, its occurrence in the thorax has been less frequently documented. Case Presentation: A 46-year-old Pakistani man presented with a 2 month history of progressively increasing cough and left lower chest pain. Initial evaluation was done using a chest x-ray, the Patient was found to have a large mass involving the lower portion of the left chest. A computed tomography scan was performed next which showed a large mass involving the left chest wall with invasion into the pericardium and left hemidiaphragm. En bloc surgical resection of the tumor ...

Radiation Induced Tumor Lysis Syndrome In Patients With Leukemia, Imtiaz A. Malik, Paul Vellozo, Mohammad Khurshid, M. Ata Khan

Mohammad Khurshid

Tumour lysis syndrome is a catastrophic complica­lion of treatment of certain neoplasms. It is usually seen with the tumours that have high growth fractions, increased bulk and extreme sensitivity to cytotoxic therapy. Most commonly it occurs in association with hematologic malignancies such as lymphomas and leukaemias. Rarely it has been observed with solid tumours like small cell lung cancer, seminoma and carcinoma of the breast. The syndrome develops due to massive cell lysis occurring within a few hours to a few days of starting the cytotoxic therapy. It is characterized by hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcaemia. Acute renal failure ...

Lack Of Benefit Of Granulocyte Macrophage Or Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor In Patients With Febrile Neutropenia, T. Siddiqui, I. A. Burney, A. Salam, G. N. Kakepoto, Mohammad Khurshid, R. A. Smego

Mohammad Khurshid

Objectives: To compare the clinical benefits of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) or granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plus standard supportive care to supportive care alone among cancer patients with febrile neutropenia. Methods: Clinical data were collected retrospectively from 148 consecutive cancer patients with neutropenia and fever. Patients had hematologic (i.e., acute leukemias or lymphoproliferative disorders) or non-hematologic malignancies (i.e., solid tumors including carcinoma of breast, lung, or colon). Clinical variables analyzed included: age and sex; underlying malignancies; chemotherapy regimens; symptoms at time of presentation; duration of fever prior to study enrollment; days from chemotherapy until administration of GM-CSF ...

Flow Cytometric And Demographic Analysis Of T Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia In Pakistani Population., M R. Khawaja, S S. Allana, N N. Akbaral, S N. Adil, M. Khurshid, Shahid Pervez

Mohammad Khurshid

Background: This study was carried out to analyze the proportion of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (TALL) among all acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in Pakistani population and its correlation with the demographic features. Accuracy of cell surface markers used in flow cytometric analysis of the leukemic cells was also determined. Methods: Data of 209 consecutive cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) presenting between July 1995 and July 2003 was analyzed. Flow cytometry was performed on all ALL cases using the standard protocols. TALL markers included CD3, CD5 and CD7. Results: Proportion of TALL among known ALL Pakistani patients was 17 ...

Effect Of L-Type Calcium Channel Blocker (Amlodipine) On Myocardial Iron Deposition In Patients With Thalassaemia With Moderate-To-Severe Myocardial Iron Deposition: Protocol For A Randomised, Controlled Trial, Amarah Shakoor, Maaman Zahoor, Alina Sadaf, Najveen Alvi, Zehra Fadoo, Arjumand Rizvi, Farheen Quadri, Fateh Ali Tipoo, Mohammad Khurshid, Zaffar Sajjad, Steven Colan, Babar S Hasan

Mohammad Khurshid

Introduction: Sideroblastic cardiomyopathy secondary to repeated blood transfusions is a feared complication in thalassaemia. Control of myocardial iron is thus becoming the cornerstone of thalassaemia management. Recent evidence suggests a role for L-type Ca2+ channels in mediating iron uptake by the heart. Blocking the cellular iron uptake through these channels may add to the benefit of therapy to standard chelation in reducing myocardial iron. We aim to determine the efficacy of amlodipine (a calcium channel blocker) as an adjunct to standard aggressive chelation in retarding myocardial iron deposition in thalassaemics with or without cardiomyopathy.Outcomes: The primary outcome is to ...

Efficacy Of A Home Made Quality Control Serum, Rukbsana Lalani, Ayesha Molla, Mohammad Khurshid

Mohammad Khurshid

With increasing automation in Clinical Laboratories, the requirements for quality control material have greatly increased in order to monitor performance. The constant use of commercial control material is not economically feasible for many countries because of non-availability or the high cost of these materials. Here we describe a simple technique to prepare Home Made Quality Control serum using blood from polycythaemic patients. This preparation is stable for about six months without any alterations in the concentration of any of the chemical constituents. Extensive use of Home Made Quality Control sera in our laboratories have saved about 69% of the amount ...

Cardiovascular Risk Factors In School Children From Low Middle Income Families In Karachi, Pakistan, Salma H. Badruddin, A. Molla, Mohammad Khurshid, S. Vaz, S. Hassanali

Mohammad Khurshid

Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and trigly cerides (TG) were determined on 239 school children aged 5-19 years belonging to lower middle class families. The mean TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG ranged from 3.70-4.37 mmol/L, 2.17- 2.70 mmol/L, 0.94-1.14 mmol/L, 1.07-1.26 mmol/L respectively. In general, girls had higher TC, LDL-C and HDL-C levels. There was no significant difference in the TG levels between boys and girls. Thirty-three percent of the girls and 22% of the boys had ...

Anaemia In Pregnancy: Occurrence In Two Economically Different Clinic Populations Of Karachi, Saadiya Aziz Karim, Mohammad Khurshid, Javed H. Rizvi

Mohammad Khurshid

According to previous WHO standards, anaemia in pregnancy denoted a haemoglobin level of 11.0 gms/dl or less, but this is now considered to be variable1 as it differs from country to country depending on local reference ranges and socio-economic conditions. Each country should “lay down minimal acceptable standards” below which an individual is considered to be anaemic, taking into account the available fmancial and manpower resources and other health needs of the country2. There is a wide divergence in the quoted prevalence of anaemia in Pakistan and neigh­bouring countries.3-6 This study was undertaken to determine a ...

Anaemia In Pregnancy - Its Cause In The Underprivileged Class Of Karachi, Saadiya Aziz Karim, Mohammad Khurshid, A.M. Memon, Sadiqua N. Jafarey

Mohammad Khurshid

A prospective study of the frequency and type of anaemia amongst poor urban parturients of Karachi was done. It was performed at 2 large teaching hospitals over the time span January to September, 1990. Out of 318 women studied, 104(32.7%) were anaemic (Hb levels <10gm/dl). The type of anaemia was assessed. Iron deficiency predominated and was seen amongst 63.5% of the anaemic population. There was an even distribution of other kinds of anaemia amongst the remainder of the population

Maternal And Fetal Complications Of Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Case Report With Long-Term Follow-Up, Tahira Naru, Mohammad Khurshid, Zafar Nazir

Zafar Nazir

We report a case of a 26- year old woman having antiphospholipid syndrome in pregnancy with long-term follow up. She presented with recurrent miscarriages, venous thrombosis, avascular necrosis of femoral head, mid-cerebral artery infarction and skin ulcers. Antiphospholipid syndrome is a recognized disorder of pregnancy. Diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion when evaluating women with recurrent pregnancy losses and vascular thrombosis. A low dose aspirin combined with heparin can reduce morbidity and improves the pregnancy outcome.

Expression Of Ps2 In Prostate Cancer Correlates With Grade And Chromogranin A Expression But Not With Stage, Hammad Ather, Farhat Abbas, Nuzhat Faruqui, M Israr, Shahid Pervez

Nuzhat Faruqui

Background: The biological potential of prostate cancer is extremely variable. Particular interest is focused on markers not expressed in normal prostatic tissues. pS2 protein expression has been demonstrated in a range of malignant tissues in an oestrogen-independent pathway. Recently, it has been demonstrated that pS2, in prostate cancer, is closely associated with neuro-endocrine differentiation. In the present study, we have analyzed, the potential of Neuro-endocrine and pS2 (TFF1) expression in human prostate cancer determined by immunohistochemistry, in primary adenocarcinoma of the prostate and attempted to correlate this with the clinico-pathologic features of the patient and neuroendocrine expression. Methods: Ninety-five malignant ...

Cognitive Issues In Childhood Cancer Survivors And Related Parental Perceptions And Behaviors: An Integrative Review Of Literature, Brian Decant, Joseph Tariman

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

Background: Survivorship of childhood cancer is often accompanied by neurocognitive late-effects (NCLE) related to the disease and/or it’s associated treatment regimes.

Objectives: The primary purpose of this integrative literature review was to examine NCLE in pediatric cancer survivors and identify parental perceptions and behaviors that correlated to cognitive dysfunction in their children.

Method: An integrative literature review was completed utilizing searches in PubMed, CINAHL Complete, and PsycINFO. Some search terms included “childhood cancer”, “survivor”, “cognition”, “cognitive disorder”, “neurocognitive”, “late-effects”, “child(ren)”, “parent(s)”, and “perception”.

Results: Analysis of ten predominant methods of neurocognitive evaluation yielded five major cognitive ...

Prognostic Value Of Routine Laboratory Variables In Prediction Of Breast Cancer Recurrence., Zhu Zhu, Ling Li, Zhong Ye, Tong Fu, Ye Du, Aiping Shi, Di Wu, Ke Li, Yifan Zhu, Chun Wang, Zhimin Fan

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

The prognostic value of routine laboratory variables in breast cancer has been largely overlooked. Based on laboratory tests commonly performed in clinical practice, we aimed to develop a new model to predict disease free survival (DFS) after surgical removal of primary breast cancer. In a cohort of 1,596 breast cancer patients, we analyzed the associations of 33 laboratory variables with patient DFS. Based on 3 significant laboratory variables (hemoglobin, alkaline phosphatase, and international normalized ratio), together with important demographic and clinical variables, we developed a prognostic model, achieving the area under the curve of 0.79. We categorized patients ...

Pharmacologic Or Genetic Targeting Of Glutamine Synthetase Skews Macrophages Toward An M1-Like Phenotype And Inhibits Tumor Metastasis., Erika M. Palmieri, Alessio Menga, Rosa Martín-Pérez, Annamaria Quinto, Carla Riera-Domingo, Giacoma De Tullio, D Craig Hooper, Wouter H. Lamers, Bart Ghesquière, Daniel W. Mcvicar, Attilio Guarini, Massimiliano Mazzone, Alessandra Castegna

Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

Glutamine-synthetase (GS), the glutamine-synthesizing enzyme from glutamate, controls important events, including the release of inflammatory mediators, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation, and autophagy. However, its role in macrophages remains elusive. We report that pharmacologic inhibition of GS skews M2-polarized macrophages toward the M1-like phenotype, characterized by reduced intracellular glutamine and increased succinate with enhanced glucose flux through glycolysis, which could be partly related to HIF1α activation. As a result of these metabolic changes and HIF1α accumulation, GS-inhibited macrophages display an increased capacity to induce T cell recruitment, reduced T cell suppressive potential, and an impaired ability to foster endothelial ...

Abstracts From The 23rd Annual Health Care Systems Research Network Conference, March 21–23, 2017, San Diego, California

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

This proceedings supplement includes selected abstracts presented at the 23rd annual conference of the Health Care Systems Research Network (HCSRN), held March 21–23, 2017, in San Diego, California. Formerly called the HMO Research Network, HCSRN aims to improve individual and population health through research that connects the resources and capabilities of its member health care systems.

Multiple Myeloma Baseline Immunoglobulin G Level And Pneumococcal Vaccination Antibody Response, Michael A. Thompson, Martin K. Oaks, Maharaj Singh, Karen M. Michel, Michael P. Mullane, Husam S. Tarawneh, Angi Kraut, Kayla J. Hamm

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in multiple myeloma (MM), a cancer of the immune system. Vaccination clinical efficacy endpoints have not been demonstrated, and there are limited data on surrogate markers of efficacy. This pilot study evaluated sequential immunologic markers after standard pneumococcal vaccination (PV) in patients with MM and non-MM controls. Vaccination was standard for PV (PCV13 or PPV23), with laboratory testing at baseline and at 2, 4, 12 and 24 weeks after vaccination. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to pneumococcal antigens were detected by ELISA. Prevaccination total IgG levels and IgG subclass levels were also ...

The Application Of Self-Administered Nutrition Screening Tools And Evaluations Of The Impact Of Malnutrition On Quality Of Life In Individuals With Head And Neck Cancer, Mark J. P. Lynch

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Abstract

Background: Individuals with head and neck cancer (HNCa) are at an increased risk of malnutrition. Therefore, self-administered nutrition screens which attempt to address their nutritional concerns may yield benefits for treatment outcomes and quality of life (QOL).

Methods: 34 participants (26 men, 8 women) completed one demographic and two QOL surveys, two nutrition self-screening tools, a nutrition assessment and an ease-of-use questionnaire. Results of the screens were compared to those of the assessment, and relationships between QOL, nutrition status, and demographics were examined.

Results: 32.3% of participants were identified as nutritionally compromised. The sensitivity and specificity for the ...

Minimizing The Impact Of Disease While Maximizing Quality Of Life: An Exploration Of Resilience In Head And Neck Cancer Survivors, Chelsea A. Macdonald

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Introduction: Individuals with head and neck cancer (HNCa) face myriad biopsychosocial challenges. Even after treatment completion, these challenges may continue to cause diminished quality of life (QoL). Resilience may serve to minimize the impact of HNCa and, thus, maximize QoL. The purpose of this study was to identify resilience in HNCa survivors and explore its potential relationship with QoL.

Methods: Thirty-one HNCa survivors completed three validated, self-report questionnaires pertaining to the collection of resilience and QoL data. Descriptive, correlational, and observational analyses were performed.

Results: Resilience was identified in the HNCa survivors and a positive correlation was found between resilience ...

Macrophage Type 2 Differentiation In A Patient With Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma And Metastatic Prostate Adenocarcinoma To The Cervical Lymph Nodes., Michael C. Topf, Madalina Tuluc, Larry A. Harshyne, Adam J. Luginbuhl

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: The tumor microenvironment often polarizes infiltrating macrophages towards a type 2, or M2 phenotype, that is characterized by expression of various cysteine-rich, scavenger receptors, including CD163. The primary function of M2 macrophages is to facilitate wound healing. As such, they are capable of providing metabolic support to a growing tumor, neovascularization, as well as protection from cytotoxic T cells. The tumor microenvironment contains a milieu of secreted factors and vesicles, which in certain circumstances can gain access to lymphatic vessels that drain to local lymph nodes.

CASE PRESENTATION: We report a 59-year-old male with recurrent T4 squamous cell carcinoma ...

Cancer Prevention And Screening, James Liebmann

Cancer Concepts: A Guidebook for the Non-Oncologist

Current treatments of cancer are imperfect and entail risks. For many malignancies, the best “treatment” is to prevent the cancer from ever appearing in the first place. Cancer prevention refers to interventions that reduce the incidence of cancer. Such interventions can include reduction of exposure to known carcinogens (e.g., tobacco), treatment with drugs that lower cancer risk (chemoprevention), vaccination against infectious agents that cause cancer, surgery to remove organs at high risk of developing cancer in individuals with familial cancer syndromes, or the adoption of a “healthy lifestyle” that modifies cancer risk. Cancer screening shares some concepts with cancer ...