Preventive Medicine Commons^™

Vaccines Controversy, Jackelin Ruiz, Keith Wellman

Festival of Communities: UG Symposium (Posters)

Our research was conducted on a Vaccine controversy which raised the question on ethics, morality, safety and effectiveness of vaccination on children. The case study we focused on was about a study done by Dr. Andrew Wakefield and twelve other Colleagues, which was published in a well know journal The Lancet. The study has recently been retracted because an investigation found that he failed to mention that his research of the MMR vaccine was funded through solicitors seeking evidence to use against vaccine manufactures (Deer, Brian). To conclude our research we compared the current vaccination rates with the rates …

Copd In Never Smokers: Results From The Population-Based Burden Of Obstructive Lung Disease Study, Bernd Lamprecht, Mary Ann Mcburnie, William M. Vollmer, Gunnar Gudmundsson, Tobias Welte, Ewa Nizankowska-Mogilnicka, Michael Studnicka, Eric Bateman, Josep M. Anto, Peter Burney, David M. Mannino, Sonia A. Buist

David M. Mannino

Background: Never smokers comprise a substantial proportion of patients with COPD. Their characteristics and possible risk factors in this population are not yet well defined.

Methods: We analyzed data from 14 countries that participated in the international, population-based Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study. Participants were aged ≥ 40 years and completed postbronchodilator spirometry testing plus questionnaires about respiratory symptoms, health status, and exposure to COPD risk factors. A diagnosis of COPD was based on the postbronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio, according to current GOLD (Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease) guidelines. In addition to this, the lower limit of normal …

Role Of Breastfeeding And Current Lifestyle On Maternal Long-Term Weight Change, Denise R. Hinds

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background: Evidence suggests that prolonged and exclusive breastfeeding is associated with health benefits to children and nursing mothers beyond the period of breastfeeding. Studies that support the role of breastfeeding in postpartum weight change primarily focused on short-term weight change (within 12 to 24 months postpartum) (Binns et al. 2003; Lederman 2004; Johnson et al. 2006), while few focused on the association between breastfeeding and long-term weight change (5 years or more postpartum) (Rooney, Schauberger et al. 2005).

Purpose: This study investigated the role of breastfeeding in long-term weight change, specifically 1) whether breastfeeding protects against weight gain, and 2) …

Programas E Ações Em Qualidade De Vida No Trabalho / Programs And Activities In Quality Of Work Life, Everton Fernando Alves

Everton Fernando Alves

A promoção de ações e/ou programas de Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho (QVT) vem se tornando a maneira pela qual é possível se desenvolver e manter a motivação e o comprometimento dos colaboradores, resultando em inúmeros benefícios. Contudo, cada programa deve ter um direcionamento, uma vez que cada empresa tem a sua especificidade. O presente estudo teve como objetivo expor possíveis ações e programas de promoção da QVT com o propósito de melhorar a saúdedo trabalhador e o ganho das empresas. Realizou-se um estudo de revisão narrativa do conhecimento disponível na literatura, com consulta às seguintes bases de dados: DEDALUS, …

The Effects Of Consumption Of California Dried Mission Figs On Serum Lipid Concentrations In Hyperlipidemic Adults, Joycelyn M. Peterson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background: The National Cholesterol Education Program and American Heart Association have recommended the use of functional or cholesterol-reducing foods, some categories of which include viscous or soluble fibers, soy protein, plant sterols, and nuts, as aids to reduce serum cholesterol concentrations. Figs are a rich source of viscous fiber and antioxidants. Fig consumption has not been studied in regard to effects in reducing serum lipid concentrations. In previous pilot data, increasing fig consumption for six weeks among volunteers was found to be feasible.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the consumption of California dried mission figs on serum lipid …

Implementing Integrated Primary And Behavioral Healthcare Within A Housing First Program, Lara C. Weinstein, Md, Benjamin Henwood, Lcsw

Department of Family & Community Medicine Presentations and Grand Rounds

At Pathways to Housing-Philadelphia, mental health services to support consumers' independent living are delivered through Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) teams. ACT is an evidence-based mental health intervention known to reduce psychiatric hospitalization and increase housing stability. ACT team members include social workers, substance abuse, counselors, nurses, and psychiatrists, with ideal staff to client ratios of 1 to 10. Through a novel collaboration between the program and the Deparment of Family and Community Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, a primary-care physician was embedded into the ACT services to form an integrated health-care team.

Breast Cancer In A Multi-Ethnic Asian Setting: Results From The Singapore-Malaysia Hospital-Based Breast Cancer Registry, Awang Bulgiba

Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud

Two hospital-based breast cancer databases (University Malaya Medical Center, Malaysia [n = 1513] and National University Hospital, Singapore [n = 2545]) were merged into a regional registry of breast cancer patients diagnosed between 1990 and 2007. A review of the data found 51% of patients diagnosed before the age of 50 years. and 72% percent of the women were Chinese followed by Malays (16%), Indians (8%), and other races (4%). Median tumor size at presentation was 26 mm and about 25% of patients presented with TNM stage III or IV disease. Most tumors were of ductal histology (87%). Fifty-seven percent …

The Association Of Adverse Pregnancy Events And Cardiovascular Disease In Women 50 Years Of Age And Older, Sara M. Freibert, David M. Mannino, Heather Bush, Leslie J. Crofford

David M. Mannino

Objective: This study investigates the association between a prior history of pregnancy complications and cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Kentucky women aged ≥50 years.

Methods: Data were analyzed from participants (n = 3909) in the Kentucky Women's Health Registry (2006–2008). Primary outcomes were self-reported prevalence of CVD, including angina, heart attack, heart failure, and arrhythmia. Pregnancy complications used as predictors were preterm labor, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and third trimester bleeding. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine associations between prevalence of CVD and pregnancy complications, controlling for age, education, and smoking status.

Results: Overall, 199 (5.1%) women reported angina, …

Predictors Of 3-Month Abstinence In Smokers Attending Stop-Smoking Clinics In Malaysia, Awang Bulgiba

Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud

Introduction: Much is known about the predictors of success in quitting smoking. In particular, nicotine dependence, but not strength of motivation to stop, appears to predict abstinence. However, to date, studies have come almost exclusively from Western countries. More data are needed on the cross-cultural generalizability of these findings. Methods: One hundred and ninety-eight smokers attending 5 stop-smoking clinics in Malaysia completed a questionnaire prior to their target quit date and were followed up 3 months after this date. Predictors included sociodemographic variables, smoking patterns, past history of quitting, characteristics of current quit attempt, and smoking motives as well as …

Clinical Subjectivation: Anthropologies Of Contemporary Biomedical Training., Seth M. Holmes Phd, Md, Angela C. Jenks Phd, Scott Stonington Phd, Md

Seth M. Holmes PhD, MD

No abstract provided.

En-Case-Ing The Patient: Disciplining Uncertainty In Medical Student Patient Presentations., Seth M. Holmes Phd, Md, Maya Ponte Phd, Md

Seth M. Holmes PhD, MD

The problem-oriented medical record is the widespread, standardized format for presenting and recording information about patients, which is taught to future physicians early in their medical training. Based on our participant obser- vation of medical training, we analyze the ways in which the patient presentation operates in medical training as a disciplinary technology that manages uncertainty in the clinical decision-making process. We uncover various mechanisms at work including the construction of a coherent narrative structure in which chaotic experiences are re-organized and re-interpreted to fit neatly in a linear plot with a predictable ending, the atomization of the patient as …

Anthropology And Its Contact Zones., Seth M. Holmes Phd, Md

Seth M. Holmes PhD, MD

No abstract provided.

Structural Vulnerability And Hierarchies Of Ethnicity And Citizenship On The Farm., Seth M. Holmes Phd, Md

Seth M. Holmes PhD, MD

Every year, the United States employs nearly two million seasonal farm laborers, approximately half of whom are migrants (Rothenberg 1998). This article utilizes one year of participant observation on a berry farm in Washington State to analyze hierarchies of ethnicity and citizenship, structural vulnerability, and health disparities in agriculture in the United States. The farm labor structure is organized along a segregated continuum from US citizen Anglo-American to US citizen Latino, undocumented mestizo Mexican to undocumented indigenous Mexican. The ethnography shows how this structure symbolically reinforces conflations of race with perceptions of civilized and modern subjects. These hierarchies produce what …

The Relationship Between Gender Role Conflict And Condom Use Among Black Msm, David J. Malebranche, Roman Gvetadze, Gregorio A. Millett, Madeline Y. Sutton

David J Malebranche

Gender role conflict may influence condom use among black MSM. We examined relationships between the Gender Role Conflict Scale (GRCS), social/demographic variables and condom use among 456 black MSM. Higher total GRCS scores did not predict unprotected insertive anal intercourse (UIAI) or unprotected receptive anal intercourse (URAI) with men, but were associated with unprotected vaginal or anal intercourse (UVI/UAI) with women among bisexually active participants (n = 69). Higher perceived HIV risk reduced the likelihood of both UIAI and URAI with men. Internet recruitment venues, sexual discrimination experiences, higher numbers of sex partners and UVI/UAI with women all increased the …

Hiv Risk And Perceptions Of Masculinity Among Young Black Men Who Have Sex With Men, Errol L. Fields, Laura M. Bogart, Katherine C. Smith, David J. Malebranche, Jonathan Ellen, Mark A. Schuster

David J Malebranche

Purpose: Young black men who have sex with men (YBMSM) are known to have the highest rates of HIV infection in the United States. Although reported rates of unprotected anal intercourse are similar to the rates ofmen who have sex with men of other racial/ethnic backgrounds, YBMSM aged 15–22 years are five times more likely to be HIV-infected than the comparably aged white men who have sex with men. We explored contextual social-environmental factors that may influence how YBMSM assess risk, choose partners, and make decisions about condom use.

Methods: We analyzed semi-structured interviews with 35 YBMSM (age: 18–24 years) …

Update On The Management Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Andrea K. Maas, David M. Mannino

David M. Mannino

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a highly prevalent, underdiagnosed, and undertreated chronic lung disease. Early and appropriate treatment may help modify the course of the disease with respect to exacerbation timing and frequency, quality of life, and mortality. Steady progress continues to be made in understanding the disease pathogenesis and treatment modalities, and there is some evidence that outcomes are improving.

Searching For Copd: Are Questionnaires The Answer?, David M. Mannino

David M. Mannino

Comment on

COPD screening in general practice using a telephone questionnaire. [COPD. 2010]

Get full access at http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/15412555.2010.512510

End-Of-Life Care For Hospitalized Patients With Lung Cancer: Utilization Of A Palliative Care Service., Barbara Reville, M.S., Achpn, Marshal N Miller, B.S., Richard W Toner, M.S., Joanne Reifsnyder, Ph.D., Achpn

Department of Family & Community Medicine Faculty Papers

PURPOSE: High symptom burden and hospital mortality among patients with lung cancer argues for early palliative care intervention. Patient characteristics and discharge dispositions in hospitalized patients with lung cancer receiving usual care were compared to those referred to a new palliative care service.

METHODS: A retrospective database review of all lung cancer discharges receiving usual care (UC) and palliative care service (PCS) consultation was conducted. Demographics, length of stay, discharge disposition, and mortality were described and compared. Palliative Performance Scale scores were described according to discharge disposition in the PCS group. Disposition of all patients receiving either chemotherapy or surgery …

Preventive Care Utilization Among Black Women : Perceived Beliefs, Benefits And Barriers To Mammography Screening, Rowandalla Y. Dunbar

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Blacks, in comparison to other racial or ethnic groups, suffer higher rates of illness and death from many preventable or treatable diseases. Despite the significantly higher rates of mortality and disease, Blacks are least likely to utilize clinical preventive care services. Black women, who are more likely to have advanced breast cancer at time of diagnosis (Chu, Lamar, & Freeman, 2003) are least likely to seek mammography screening (National Health Interview Study, 2000). Allen, Bastani, Bazargan and Leonard (2002) examined predictors of mammography screening among women 40 years old and older residing in the South Central area of Los Angeles, …

Exposure To Indoor Biomass Fuel Pollutants And Asthma Prevalence In Southeastern Kentucky: Results From The Burden Of Lung Disease (Bold) Study, Anna C. Barry, David M. Mannino, Claudia Hopenhayn, Heather Bush

David M. Mannino

BACKGROUND:

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory respiratory disease, characterized by episodic and reversible airflow obstruction and airway hyperresponsiveness and is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.

METHODS:

The Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) survey was used to determine the prevalence of self-reported asthma in a target population of 325,000 adults aged > or =40 in Southeastern Kentucky. Postbronchodilator spirometry was used to classify subjects based on lung function. Risk factors for asthma in this population, in particular indoor usage of biomass fuels, were evaluated.

RESULTS:

The overall study population was comprised of 508 individuals, with 15.5% reporting current asthma …