Urology Commons^™

The Role Of Urinary Modulators In The Development Of Infectious Kidney Stones, Brendan Wallace

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The pathogenesis of infectious kidney stones is poorly understood, while equally unclear is the role of urinary modulators and bacteria. An experimental model was created and utilized to test a variety of urinary modulators and bacterial strains commonly associated with struvite and calcium phosphate stones to evaluate their potential roles in influencing crystal formation. Modulators such as acids, citrate, and osteopontin had strong inhibitory effects on infectious crystal formation while the remaining modulators had neutral, mixed, or positive effects. Lastly, it was determined that the presence of urease may not directly lead to calcium phosphate and struvite stones in all ...

Case Report: Segmental Testicular Infarction, Nicholas Coan, Ronald Clearie, Amanda Maciag, Joseph Pagano, James Espinosa, Alan Lucerna, Neelesh Parikh

Stratford Campus Research Day

We report a case of a 45-year-old male who presented to the Emergency Department with acute onset left testicular pain and was diagnosed with left sided segmental testicular infarction. The differential diagnosis of acute onset testicular/scrotal pain can include critical urological diagnoses such as testicular torsion and testicular tumors. In the absence of global flow disruption on ultrasound Doppler, emergent surgical intervention is not needed. While ultrasound aids in the Emergency Department’s management of acute testicular pain, it does not rule out the need for an additional outpatient work-up or imaging. Conservative management with pain control, outpatient scrotal ...

Incidental Finding Of Unusually Large Renal Cyst During Point Of Care Ultrasound, David Ho, Jeffrey Gardecki

Stratford Campus Research Day

Renal cysts are common, and their frequency and size increase as patients age. Renal cysts are derived primarily from tubules and can occur anywhere between Bowman’s capsule to the renal papilla. The cysts are composed of abnormally differentiated epithelial cells encapsulating a cavity of fluid. These abnormally differentiated cells are due to defects in the structure and function of cilia, the structures responsible for detecting urine flow as well as the epithelial composition of the epithelial architecture and repair. According to Campbell Urology, there are three processes in which renal cysts increase in their size – proliferation of epithelial cells ...

Case Study Of Metformin-Induced Lactic Acidosis, Kajel Patel, Kishan Patel

Stratford Campus Research Day

Metformin induced lactic acidosis is when high levels of metformin cause dangerously high levels of lactic acid. Here is a case report of a 72-year-old female who came in for nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea found to have a high suspicion for metformin induced lactic acidosis. She stabilized in the emergency department, nephrology and ICU was contacted, and she went for emergent dialysis. For many patients the prognosis of metformin induced lactic acidosis is poor. This patient was made comfort care by her family.

Testicular Torsion Education: Improving Awareness Among Boys And Their Caregivers Regarding The Urgency Of Evaluating Scrotal Pain, Abby Taylor

Capstone Experience

Introduction: Testicular torsion is a urologic emergency that requires prompt medical evaluation and surgical intervention. The length of time from onset of the torsion to evaluation in the emergency department is often delayed due to lack of knowledge of the urgency of the situation amongst boys and their caregivers. We hypothesize that an animated educational video will increase awareness of the condition and prompt urgent evaluation in the emergency department.

Methods: A 5-minute animated educational video was created following a boy, Danny, as he develops testicular torsion. Four population groups: boys, parents, school nurses, and pediatricians, completed group-specific pre- and ...

Urinary Incontinence: Understanding The Silent Plight Of Women, Yasmin Nadeem Parpio, Anmol Minaz, Sonia Ijaz Haider

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Urinary incontinence (UI) is defined as the complaint of involuntary loss of urine. UI affects both men and women but is more common in women. It has been identified as a World Health Organization priority. The burden related to UI at local, national, and global levels is huge and its impact in terms of physical, social, mental, and financial aspects makes it a concerning issue. However, there exist several barriers in terms of knowledge and attitude in seeking healthcare among women experiencing UI. This calls upon a multi-disciplinary approach involving professionals from different disciplines and tackling it with collaborative and ...

Dna-Pkcs: A Targetable Protumorigenic Protein Kinase., Emanuela Dylgjeri, Karen E Knudsen

Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) is a pleiotropic protein kinase that plays critical roles in cellular processes fundamental to cancer. DNA-PKcs expression and activity are frequently deregulated in multiple hematologic and solid tumors and have been tightly linked to poor outcome. Given the potentially influential role of DNA-PKcs in cancer development and progression, therapeutic targeting of this kinase is being tested in preclinical and clinical settings. This review summarizes the latest advances in the field, providing a comprehensive discussion of DNA-PKcs functions in cancer and an update on the clinical assessment of DNA-PK inhibitors in cancer therapy.

Surgeons And Ethical Challenges In Operating Room, Nazim Syed Muhammad, Syed Shahabuddin

Section of Urology

Ethics lie in the heart of professionalism. In surgery, it represents an essential element, with surgeons facing ethical challenges in their routine practice. The rapid expansion of surgical technology and innovation along with the use of resources and consideration of conflict of interest have brought up the need for the development of current surgical code of ethics. Operating room represents a stressful environment where patients' lives depend upon careful preparation, planning and execution. The progression of surgery within the operating room must be done in harmony and in line with the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice. Discussion ...

Manual Loop In Laparoscopic Appendectomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study And Literature Review, Priyanka Ramesh, Aniqa Saeed, Muniza Nusrat, Sehrish Batool, Hina Khan, Ghulam Murtaza

Section of Urology

Objectives: To determine the incidence of complications [Surgical site infection (SSI), intra-abdominal abscess (IAA), stump leak] related to stump ligation with manual loop of sliding extracorporeal suture knot in laparoscopic appendectomy.
Methods: This cohort study was conducted on patients who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy from June 2014 to November 2020 performed by the same surgeon with almost similar technique. Stump was ligated with manual loops, applied by the surgeon or trainee or both (one by surgeon and other by trainee). SSI and IAA were classified according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria.
Results: Total 120 patients were included ...

What After Bcg Fails In Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer?, M Hammad Ather

Section of Urology

No abstract provided.

Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections: Patient Characteristics, Treatment, And Clinical Outcomes In One South Texas Acute Care Hospital, Kimberly A. Ambrosini, Jose Campo Maldonado

MEDI 9331 Scholarly Activities Clinical Years

Background: Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CA-UTIs) account for 40 percent of nosocomial infections worldwide. Their elimination is at the forefront of quality improvement in one South Texas acute care hospital.

Methods: Over a period of 6 months, five CA-UTIs occurred in one South Texas acute care hospital. These cases were identified via regular surveillance by Infection Prevention staff and the Laboratory Department of the hospital. This research reviews patient age, sex, length of stay, bacteria contracted, appropriate antibiotic use, patient characteristics, and overall outcomes.

Results: Between the months of July and December 2021, 5 CAUTIs were contracted. Patients ranged in ...

Microorganism Profiles Of Penile Prosthesis Removed For Infection, Erosion, And Mechanical Malfunction Based On Next-Generation Sequencing., Paul H Chung, Joon Yau Leong, Caleb D Phillips, Gerard D Henry

Department of Urology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is an emerging technology that may allow for more sensitive and sophisticated microbial testing of the microbiota of penile prostheses (PP).

AIM: To describe the microorganism profiles of PP explanted for infection, erosion, and mechanical malfunction using NGS.

METHODS: All patients who underwent PP removal by two physicians at two institutions were identified. Differences in alpha diversity (ie, number of species detected, species diversity across samples) and microbiome compositional profiles (Bray-Curtis community dissimilarities) across samples were assessed using ANOVA and PERMANOVA, respectively.

OUTCOMES: Number of species detected, species diversity across samples, and microbiome compositional profiles.

RESULTS ...

Case Report: Bilateral Emphysematous Pyelonephritis With Pneumatosis Intestinalis, Maria D'Amico, Joseph Izes, Akhil Das

Department of Urology Faculty Papers

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a severe and rare gas producing infection in the renal parenchyma or collecting system. Diabetes mellitus is an established risk factor. Treatment options include antibiotics, minimally invasive management such as percutaneous drainage, or nephrectomy. This case report describes a 40-year-old female with newly diagnosed diabetes and cirrhosis who presented with left sided emphysematous pyelonephritis. After initial management with intravenous antibiotics and drainage of the collecting system, this patient's clinical condition worsened, and subsequent repeat imaging revealed bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis as well as pneumatosis intestinalis.

Association Of Urine Findings With Metabolic Syndrome Traits In A Population Of Patients With Nephrolithiasis, Virginia L. Hood, Kevan M. Sternberg, Desiree De Waal, John R. Asplin, Carley Mulligan, Peter W. Callas

Larner College of Medicine Fourth Year Advanced Integration Teaching/Scholarly Projects

1. Background The odds of nephrolithiasis increase with more metabolic syndrome (MetS) traits. We evaluated associations of metabolic and dietary factors from urine studies and stone composition with MetS traits in a large cohort of stone-forming patients.

   Methods Patients .18 years old who were evaluated for stones with 24-hour urine collections between July 2009 and December 2018 had their records reviewed retrospectively. Patient factors, laboratory values, and diagnoses were identified within 6 months of urine collection and stone composition within 1 year. Four groups with none, one, two, and three or four MetS traits (hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, and diabetes) were evaluated ...

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Strocss 2021: Strengthening The Reporting Of Cohort, Cross-Sectional And Case-Control Studies In Surgery, Ginimol Mathew, Riaz Agha, Strocss Group, Joerg Albrecht, Prabudh Goel, Indraneil Mukherjee, Prathamesh Pai, Anil K. D'Cruz, Ather Enam, Hammad Ather

Section of Neurosurgery

Introduction: Strengthening The Reporting Of Cohort Studies in Surgery (STROCSS) guidelines were developed in 2017 in order to improve the reporting quality of observational studies in surgery and updated in 2019. In order to maintain relevance and continue upholding good reporting quality among observational studies in surgery, we aimed to update STROCSS 2019 guidelines.
Methods: A STROCSS 2021 steering group was formed to come up with proposals to update STROCSS 2019 guidelines. An expert panel of researchers assessed these proposals and judged whether they should become part of STROCSS 2021 guidelines or not, through a Delphi consensus exercise.
Results: 42 ...

Laparoscopic Assisted Robotic Radical Prostatectomy With Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection Using Viable Cryopreserved Umbilical Tissue To Improve Cavernosal Nerve Function., Joshua Volin, Brett Watson, Lior Kopel, Samantha Kraemer, Jason Hafron

Conference Presentation Abstracts

Radical prostatectomy is the preferred treatment for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer and is typically performed using a robotic approach. Surgical techniques that preserve the neurovascular bundle minimize the risk of incontinence and erectile dysfunction post-operatively. Umbilical cord tissue is a relatively new technique, which has been shown to reduce inflammation and promote regenerative healing. In this video we show a robotic radical prostatectomy with bilateral nerve sparing technique utilizing a cryopreserved umbilical cord allograft nerve wrap.

Post Traumatic Internal Iliac Arteriovenous Fistula Presenting With Persistent Gross Hematuria., Amanda Smart, Michael Wynne, Daniel Stein

Urology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Frequency Of Lower Ureteric Stones And Their Treatment By Tamsulosin, Aden, Ali Ahmed Salem Hatroom

Hadhramout University Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences

The aim of the study is to find out the frequency of lower ureteric stones related to sex, age, and the outcome of using tamsulosin in their treatment This was a retrospective study of all patients who suffer from lower ureteral stone and seen in our Private Urology Clinic from January 2014 to December 2017 in Aden. The total patients were 160. They were 98 (61.3%) males and 62 (38.7%) females) with ratio male to female 1.6 :1. The mean age of patients is (35.2 ± 11.2) years, range (15 to 56) years. The most involved ...

Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Men Who Have Sex With Men And Transgender Women Living With And Without Hiv In Pakistan: Findings From A Cross-Sectional Study, Muslima Ejaz, Soren Andersson, Salma Batool, Tazeen Saeed Ali, Anna Mia Ekström

Community Health Sciences

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of infection, genotypes and risk factors for human papillomavirus (HPV) among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women living with and without HIV in Pakistan. Anal infection with HPV is very common worldwide among MSM, particularly among MSM living with HIV. The high prevalence of HIV among MSM and male-to-female transgendered individuals in Pakistan is a significant health concern since access to screening and health-seeking is often delayed in this stigmatised key population.
Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted between March 2016 and November 2017.
Participants ...

Dysfunctional Voiding: Does A Validated Urine Color Scale Correlate With Dysfunctional Voiding Severity Score?, Katharina Mitchell, Chad Crigger, Tyler Overholt, Tyler Trump, John Barnard, Osama Al-Omar, Hilary Morley

Marshall Journal of Medicine

Introduction

Dysfunctional voiding (DV), defined as abnormal coordination between the urinary sphincter and the detrusor muscle in a neurologically intact individual, affects approximately 40% of patients that populate pediatric urology clinics. Improper hydration affects the specific gravity and concentration of urinary irritants, resulting in symptoms similar to those seen in DV patients.

Methods

Herein, we administered a validated DV survey (the Dysfunctional Voiding Symptom Score [DVSS]) and a validated dehydration severity chart (the Urine Color Chart [UCC]) to toilet trained pediatric patients and compared DV patients to patients presenting with non-urologic concerns. Data was analyzed on an item-for-item basis and ...