Primary Care Commons^™

Prostate Cancer: Patient Education For Changing Guidelines, Richard Mendez

Family Medicine Block Clerkship, Student Projects

In May 2012 United States Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended against prostate cancer screening, Grade D, with no other recommendation for providers. Since prostate cancer continues to be among the most common cancer in the United States among men, patients were exposed to previous guidelines during routine visits and require updated educational materials for primary care visits.

Adversity And Academic Performance Among Adolescent Youth: A Community-Based Participatory Research Study, Sukhdip Purewal Boparai, Tiffani Marie, Eduardo Aguayo, Jordan Brooks, Estefany Juarez, Sheana Soriano, Alasia Waters, Jaquez Donaldson, Joseph Reagans, Gracee Anguiano, Allison Ipsen

Journal of Adolescent and Family Health

Researchers and youth stakeholders devised a survey on 27 adversities based on youth expertise, clinical practice, and adversity literature. The aim of the study was to understand the prevalence of individual and cumulative adversities, and association of adversities to age, gender, race/ethnicity and academic performance among a community sample of urban high school students. All participants experienced two or more adversities and experienced greater overall adversity than youth in population-based studies. Youth-proposed stressors were among the most prevalent, and females, older youth, and African American youth reported disproportionately greater number of adversities. Specific types of adversities were endorsed differentially ...

Health And Needs Assessment Of Geriatric Patients: Results Of A Survey At A Teaching Hospital In Karachi, Syed Nabeel Zafar, Hammad Ashraf Ganatra, Sarah Tehseen, Waris Qidwai

Waris Qidwai

Objective: To study the health and needs of geriatric patients

Methods: A questionnaire based survey of patients visiting the out-patient department of Aga Khan University was carried out. Ethical requirements were met and included administration of informed consent and provision of confidentiality to patients. Convenience sampling was used without any randomization for interviews. Epi-info and SPSS software were used for data management.

Results: Four hundred and two (402) subjects above the age of 65 were surveyed. Most of the subjects were retired (40.5%) married (76.4%) men (69.7%). Ages ranged from 65 to 90 years, the mean being ...

Residual Barriers For Utilization Of Maternal And Child Health Services: Community Perceptions From Rural Pakistan., Zahid Memon, Shehla Zaidi, Atif Riaz

Zahid Ali Memon

Low utilization of maternal and child care services in rural areas has constrained Pakistan from meeting targets of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 4 and 5. This study explores community barriers in accessing Maternal and Child Health (MCH) services in ten remote rural districts of Pakistan. It further presents how the barriers differ across a range of MCH services, and also whether the presence of Community Health Workers (CHWs) reduces client barriers. Qualitative methods were used involving altogether sixty focus group discussions with mothers, their spouses and community health workers. Low awareness, formidable distances, expense, and poorly functional services were the ...

Schools Of Public Health In Low And Middle-Income Countries: An Imperative Investment For Improving The Health Of Populations?, F. Rabbani, Leah Shipton, Franklin White, Iman Nuwayhid, Leslie London, Abdul Ghaffar, Bui Thi Thu Ha, Goran Tomson, Rajiv Rimal, Anwar Islam, Amirhossein Takian, Samuel Wong, Shehla Zaidi, Kausar Kausar, Rozina Karmaliani Professor, Imran Naeem Abbasi, Farhat Abbas

Fauziah Rabbani

BACKGROUND: Public health has multicultural origins. By the close of the nineteenth century, Schools of Public Health (SPHs) began to emerge in western countries in response to major contemporary public health challenges. The Flexner Report (1910) emphasized the centrality of preventive medicine, sanitation, and public health measures in health professional education. The Alma Ata Declaration on Primary Health Care (PHC) in 1978 was a critical milestone, especially for low and middle-income countries (LMICs), conceptualizing a close working relationship between PHC and public health measures. The Commission on Social Determinants of Health (2005-2008) strengthened the case for SPHs in LMICs as ...

Impact Of Water And Sanitation And Health Education Interventions On Health And Hygiene Behaviors: A Study From A Northern Pakistani Village, Aysha Zahidie, Fauziah Rabbani

Fauziah Rabbani

Introduction: Water and sanitation interventions were delivered in the northern areas of Pakistan as a joint venture of the Aga Khan University and the Aga Khan Health Systems Oshikhandass Diarrhea and Dysentery Project (1989-96) followed by the Aga Khan Water, Sanitation, Health and Hygiene Studies Program (WSHHSP). Through these interventions water treatment plants, new pit latrines along with a component of health education were introduced. Objectives: To explore perceptions, knowledge and practices of inhabitants of Oshikhandass village in Gilgit related to water quality, latrine use and hand washing following the intervention. Methods: Through a cross-sectional study during June-July 2012, six ...

Improvement In Access And Equity For Maternal And Neonatal Health Services: Comparative Advantages Of Contracted-Out Versus Non-Contracted-Out Facilities, Shehla Zaidi, Fauziah Rabbani, Iqbal Azam Syed, Atif Riaz, Peter Hatcher, Gul Nawaz Khan Nawaz Khan, Nousheen Pradhan, Hassan Fazli, Shiraz Shaikh, Yasmeen Khan, Syeda Nida Naim, Unaib Rabbani

Fauziah Rabbani

No abstract provided.

Can Contracted Out Health Facilities Improve Access, Equity, And Quality Of Maternal And Newborn Health Services? Evidence From Pakistan., Shehla Zaidi, Atif Riaz, F. Rabbani, Iqbal Azam Syed, Syeda Nida Imran, Nousheen Pradhan, Gul Nawaz Khan Nawaz Khan

Fauziah Rabbani

BACKGROUND:

The case of contracting out government health services to non-governmental organizations (NGOs) has been weak for maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) services, with documented gains being mainly in curative services. We present an in-depth assessment of the comparative advantages of contracting out on MNCH access, quality, and equity, using a case study from Pakistan.

METHODS:

An end-line, cross-sectional assessment was conducted of government facilities contracted out to a large national NGO and government-managed centres serving as controls, in two remote rural districts of Pakistan. Contracting out was specific for augmenting MNCH services but without contractual performance incentives. A ...

Every Word, Every Gesture, Dennis J. Baumgardner

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Two nonverbal patients teach a novice clinician the power and often hidden impact of the physician-patient relationship.

Virtual Patient Technology: Engaging Primary Care In Quality Improvement Innovations, Amanda C. Blok, Christine N. May, Rajani S. Sadasivam, Thomas K. Houston

Rajani S. Sadasivam

BACKGROUND: Engaging health care staff in new quality improvement programs is challenging.

OBJECTIVE: We developed 2 virtual patient (VP) avatars in the context of a clinic-level quality improvement program. We sought to determine differences in preferences for VPs and the perceived influence of interacting with the VP on clinical staff engagement with the quality improvement program.

METHODS: Using a participatory design approach, we developed an older male smoker VP and a younger female smoker VP. The older male smoker was described as a patient with cardiovascular disease and was ethnically ambiguous. The female patient was younger and was worried about ...

Can Scribes Boost Fps' Efficiency And Job Satisfaction, Stephen T. Earls, Judith A. Savageau, Susan Begley, Barry G. Saver, Kate Sullivan, Alan Chuman

Barry G. Saver

Purpose: Research in other medical specialties has shown that the addition of medical scribes to the clinical team enhances physicians' practice experience and increases productivity. To date, literature on the implementation of scribes in primary care is limited. To determine the feasibility and benefits of implementing scribes in family medicine, we undertook a pilot mixed- method quality improvement (QI) study. Methods: In 2014, we incorporated 4 part-time scribes into an academic family medicine practice consisting of 7 physicians. We then measured, via survey and time-tracking data, the impact the scribes had on physician office hours and productivity, time spent on ...

Can Scribes Boost Fps' Efficiency And Job Satisfaction, Stephen T. Earls, Judith A. Savageau, Susan Begley, Barry G. Saver, Kate Sullivan, Alan Chuman

Barry G. Saver

Purpose: Research in other medical specialties has shown that the addition of medical scribes to the clinical team enhances physicians' practice experience and increases productivity. To date, literature on the implementation of scribes in primary care is limited. To determine the feasibility and benefits of implementing scribes in family medicine, we undertook a pilot mixed- method quality improvement (QI) study. Methods: In 2014, we incorporated 4 part-time scribes into an academic family medicine practice consisting of 7 physicians. We then measured, via survey and time-tracking data, the impact the scribes had on physician office hours and productivity, time spent on ...

Can Scribes Boost Fps' Efficiency And Job Satisfaction, Stephen T. Earls, Judith A. Savageau, Susan Begley, Barry G. Saver, Kate Sullivan, Alan Chuman

Barry G. Saver

Purpose: Research in other medical specialties has shown that the addition of medical scribes to the clinical team enhances physicians' practice experience and increases productivity. To date, literature on the implementation of scribes in primary care is limited. To determine the feasibility and benefits of implementing scribes in family medicine, we undertook a pilot mixed- method quality improvement (QI) study. Methods: In 2014, we incorporated 4 part-time scribes into an academic family medicine practice consisting of 7 physicians. We then measured, via survey and time-tracking data, the impact the scribes had on physician office hours and productivity, time spent on ...

Can Scribes Boost Fps' Efficiency And Job Satisfaction, Stephen T. Earls, Judith A. Savageau, Susan Begley, Barry G. Saver, Kate Sullivan, Alan Chuman

Judith A. Savageau

Purpose: Research in other medical specialties has shown that the addition of medical scribes to the clinical team enhances physicians' practice experience and increases productivity. To date, literature on the implementation of scribes in primary care is limited. To determine the feasibility and benefits of implementing scribes in family medicine, we undertook a pilot mixed- method quality improvement (QI) study. Methods: In 2014, we incorporated 4 part-time scribes into an academic family medicine practice consisting of 7 physicians. We then measured, via survey and time-tracking data, the impact the scribes had on physician office hours and productivity, time spent on ...

General Practitioners' Decision Making About Primary Prevention Of Cardiovascular Disease In Older Adults: A Qualitative Study, Jesse Jansen, Shannon Mckinn, Carissa Bonner, Les Irwig, Jenny Doust, Paul Glasziou, Katy Bell, Vasi Naganathan, Kirsten Mccaffery

Paul Glasziou

BACKGROUND: Primary cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention in older people is challenging as they are a diverse group with varying needs, frequent presence of comorbidities, and are more susceptible to treatment harms. Moreover the potential benefits and harms of preventive medication for older people are uncertain. We explored GPs' decision making about primary CVD prevention in patients aged 75 years and older. METHOD: 25 GPs participated in semi-structured interviews in New South Wales, Australia. Transcribed audio-recordings were thematically coded and Framework Analysis was used. RESULTS: Analysis identified factors that are likely to contribute to variation in the management of CVD risk ...

Human Cytomegalovirus: A Neglected Public Health Area Of Significant Relevance To Women, The Foetus And New Born. Time For Action!, Amna Rehana Siddiqui, Saira Ibrahim, Anwar Ali Siddiqui, Paul Moss, El-Nasir Lalani

Community Health Sciences

No abstract provided.

Transitioning From Children's Mental Health To Adult Care: Stakeholder Perspectives And Tracking Service Use Into Adulthood, Kyleigh E. Schraeder

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Transitioning youth from Children’s Mental Health (CMH) services to adult care poses a major challenge for our mental health and health care systems. This dissertation used a mixed-methods approach to explore the challenges of caring for youth with ongoing mental health problems into young adulthood. A Grounded Theory qualitative study consisted of interviews with youth (i.e., ages 12 to 15) treated in CMH, their parents, CMH providers, and family physicians. Using administrative health record and CMH data in the province of Ontario, a complementary quantitative study examined the likelihood of receiving mental health services within the medical sector ...

General Practitioners' Decision Making About Primary Prevention Of Cardiovascular Disease In Older Adults: A Qualitative Study, Jesse Jansen, Shannon Mckinn, Carissa Bonner, Les Irwig, Jenny Doust, Paul Glasziou, Katy Bell, Vasi Naganathan, Kirsten Mccaffery

Jenny Doust

BACKGROUND:

Primary cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention in older people is challenging as they are a diverse group with varying needs, frequent presence of comorbidities, and are more susceptible to treatment harms. Moreover the potential benefits and harms of preventive medication for older people are uncertain. We explored GPs' decision making about primary CVD prevention in patients aged 75 years and older.

METHOD:

25 GPs participated in semi-structured interviews in New South Wales, Australia. Transcribed audio-recordings were thematically coded and Framework Analysis was used.

RESULTS:

Analysis identified factors that are likely to contribute to variation in the management of CVD risk ...

A National Perspective On Childhood Obesity Medical Education: Do Medical Students In Canada Perceive That They Are Prepared To Treat Children With Obesity?, Dr. Dalia Hasan

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The purposes of this survey-based, mixed-methods study were to investigate medical students’ perceptions of: (1) the overall level of medical school training acquired in relation to childhood obesity treatment; (2) the medical school training acquired in relation to specific competencies associated with the treatment of children with obesity and their caregiver(s); and (3) additional training needed. Results showed that of the 507 students who provided complete data, approximately 60% (n = 303) disagreed or strongly disagreed that their medical training related to childhood obesity was adequate. With regard to specific competencies and additional training needed, quantitative and qualitative data revealed ...

Adaptation Of The Recent Life Changes Questionnaire (Rlcq) To Measure Stressful Life Events In Adults Residing In An Urban Megapolis In Pakistan., Azmina Artani, Shireen Shehzad, Iqbal Azam Syed, Moiz Abdul Sultan, Adeel Khoja, Ayeesha Kamran Kamal

Department of Medicine

Background: Contextually relevant stressful life events are integral to the quantification of stress. None such measures have been adapted for the Pakistani population.

Methods: The RLCQ developed by Richard Rahe measures stress of an individual through recording the experience of life changing events. We used qualitative methodology in order to identify contextually relevant stressors in an open ended format, using serial in-depth interviews until thematic saturation of reported stressful life events was achieved. In our next phase of adaptation, our objective was to scale each item on the questionnaire, so as to weigh each of these identified events, in terms ...