Chinese Studies Commons^™

清代雍乾時期書院的思想鉗制功用, Enhai Lei, Jing Tian

嶺南學報 Lingnan Journal of Chinese Studies

清代書院的數量爲歷代之最，然而在高壓文化政策背景下，世宗、高宗兩代帝王發展書院教育的主要目的其實是將書院改變爲官辦性質，從而使其成爲朝廷鉗制文士思想、監控其言行的平台和工具，目的是以愚民化的方法來增强君主專制權力。兩代帝王先後通過增加提督學政的監察權，提高山長束脩及生員膏火銀，嚴格月課考核，改科舉策論文爲試帖詩，提倡程式化的八股文寫作，廣泛而深入地宣講《聖諭廣訓》等方式，實現對廣大士子思想的鉗制與禁錮。就其實質而論，乃建州落後的奴隸制宗法體系之金字塔式的主奴關係爲其根本，假借儒家倫理觀念爲其外衣，形成社會思想控制的嚴密體系，爲居於頂端之皇權服務。這一系列的措施雖獲得了王朝的一時穩定，但是極大地損害士風和學風，爲晚清的貧弱狀況埋下了禍根，也嚴重地阻止了中國社會近代化的進程。

During the Yongzheng and Qianlong reigns of the Qing Dynasty, the number of academies reached an unprecedented level. However, within the context of stringent cultural policies, the primary objective of these emperors was to transform these academies into state-run institutions, thereby turning them into tools for the imperial court to control the thoughts and monitor the behaviors of scholars. This strategy aimed to strengthen monarchical absolutism through the method of keeping the populace unenlightened. The measures implemented included increasing the supervisory powers of the educational commissioners, raising the financial support for academy heads and students, instituting rigorous monthly academic …

宋玉"負俗"與《文心雕龍•雜文》立篇之義, Yanyan Shen, Yunhe Xu

嶺南學報 Lingnan Journal of Chinese Studies

“負俗”是劉勰對宋玉的評價，也是其設置的解讀對問一體的重要語境。負俗意即與世俗相違而遭受譏議，負俗者則多爲含才高士，他們不媚俗、不合衆，往往能做出超越俗衆的卓越成就。宋玉負俗不僅體現在其爲人與世不諧，亦體現在其負俗、抗俗的文學創作當中，具體言之，則是開創對問一體、關注世俗題材、創作導向諧趣化以及敘述虚構化、戲劇化。此外，在劉勰列舉的七體、連珠及創作者本人身上，也可見出其含才負俗的鮮明特徵，説明在劉勰的思想意識中，負俗是作家可貴的爲人品質與文學品格，而雜文則是文人含才負俗的綜合體現，是其以遊戲心態創作、表現文人情志、展示文學技藝的文類。認識雜文的特徵，劉勰所謂“負俗”無疑是一個重要的基點。

The term "contrarianism" (fusu 負俗) is Liu Xie's description of Song Yu, and it is also a crucial context for his theory of interpretation through the unity of question and answer. Contrarianism means opposing worldly norms and often facing criticism as a result. Contrarians are often talented scholars who neither pander to popular tastes nor conform to the majority and often achieve exceptional success. Song Yu's contrarianism is not only evident in his personal discordance with societal norms but also manifests in his literary works, which are characterized by innovative dialogic structures, a focus on secular themes, an …

尊體與復古 : "詞樂恢復"視域下的清初自度曲現象, Jia-Yun Yu

嶺南學報 Lingnan Journal of Chinese Studies

清初自度曲的興盛，既是針對明人自度曲的俗陋率意所做出的修正，同時也是清人重視音聲之學，主張以“詞樂復古”爲尊體的路徑展現。本文以清初詞樂恢復的風氣爲背景基礎，觀察清初自度曲現象的形成背景、發展概況與創作特徵。清初文人批評明人混淆詞曲，多爲妄作，嘗試通過自度曲重新建立詞與音樂的連結。由“上附風騷”爲論，清人之尊體除將詞體的起源追溯自詩騷外，自度曲的製作、製曲樂器，乃至於對姜、張自度曲的讚賞，皆是“繼聲音之秘響”的自我作古表現。接著以雲間詞人與西陵詞人兩個文人群體爲例，其間交遊唱和的自度曲作品，除凝結文人群體認同外，亦直接有助於自度曲的流傳，達到了“用廣新聲”的作用。要之，清初文人所謂詞樂恢復，是將詞體重新納入合樂而歌，合律而作的音樂文學傳統。惟在康熙晚期譜律之學確立與其後浙西詞學的盛行影响之下，自度曲的創作亦隨之衰微。

The flourishing of self-composed tunes in the early Qing dynasty was both a correction to the perceived vulgarity and capriciousness of Ming-dynasty compositions and a demonstration of the Qing scholars' emphasis on the study of sound, advocating for a "revival of lyrics and music" (ci yue fugu 詞樂復古) as a revered practice. This paper builds on this observation and explores the context of early Qing self-composed tunes' emergence, developmental overview, and creative characteristics from the perspective of the " revival of lyrics and music." Early Qing literati critiqued the Ming predecessors ' confusion of lyrics and music, largely …

A New Look At The Debate Between Confucian Soft-Power And Legalist Hard-Power Statecrafts And Its Contemporary Significance, Shirong Luo

Comparative Philosophy

In recent years, comparative scholars and commentators have attempted to find ways to best characterize the opposition between Confucianism and Legalism. For example, it has been argued that Confucianism exemplifies “idealism”, whereas Legalism is a version of “realism” and that their dispute can be construed as a clash between the broader philosophical frameworks of idealism and realism. While casting these opposing political philosophies as such can shed some light on the differences between the two schools of classical Chinese philosophy, these conceptual labels are too broad to capture their fundamental differences, which in my view are their different understandings of …

Confucianism Embodied: An “Interdisciplinary” Approach To Comparative Political Theory, Qi Jing

Comparative Philosophy

This article articulates and defends an “interdisciplinary” approach to Confucian political theory and presents Confucianism as a living, dynamic entity rather than merely a reservoir of ideas contained within a set of texts. It argues for a methodology that transcends traditional textual analysis, advocating for an intersectional approach that melds normative, emancipatory, and practical dimensions. This approach seeks to capture the evolving essence of Confucianism as influenced by cultural, institutional, and individual interactions. It also promotes a “distant reading” to examine not only texts and historical debates but also institutional changes, power dynamics, and guiding principles within Confucianized societies. The …

陸粲《春秋》學研究, Ziqian Yang

Lingnan Theses (MPhil & PhD)

陸粲（1494-1552），字子餘，吳郡長洲（今江蘇蘇州）人，明嘉靖年間學者。陸氏潛心經史，兼善詩文，著述頗豐。陸粲專治《春秋》學，然近人論及其學術，多側重其文學著作，較少專研當中的《春秋》學。陸氏《春秋》學著作有三，均為條辨形式，但撰作年代不同，內容亦各有側重。

本文以陸粲《春秋》學為研究對象，共分六章，第一章概述研究主旨及前人研究回顧。第二章綜合前人關於陸氏生平交遊之研究成果，略作補充，並以《春秋》學為重點，考述其學術綱要。第三章所論皆為烘托後文。先後略述《春秋胡氏傳辨疑》和《左傳附注》之條目，以近人論説為依傍，先考察陸粲如何廓清胡安國經注中的曲解附會之説，以昭其「宗經」之意；再著眼陸氏「以左還左」之論證方式，以窺其學術視野之豁如。第四章乃本文重心，旨在通過《左氏春秋鐫》之條目述評，探討陸粲針砭《左傳》義理的特色和局限；通過「破左」的面向，反觀其《春秋》學觀念。第五章以陸粲為個案，置入明代《春秋》學發展脈絡中觀察，説明其《春秋》學構成體系，既承唐宋元「宗經駁傳」之觀念，又有自己獨特鮮明之風格。陸氏《春秋》學得失兼備，從學術史角度衡定其論説具有價值且較為客觀。末章總結全文所得。

Principal Agency 50 Years After The Lau Decision: Building And Sustaining Bilingual Education Programs For Asian Languages, Kevin M. Wong, Zhongfeng Tian

Education Division Scholarship

This study examined how three champion principals of Asian language dual language bilingual education (DLBE) programs—Cantonese, Korean, and Mandarin—in California have navigated the oscillating language-in-education policies after the Lau decision. We explored principals' various roles through a lens of agency in a social justice leadership framework, specifically considering the opportunities and challenges for agentive leadership from three different phases: foregrounding and engaging, planning and implementing, and evaluating and sustaining. Findings demonstrate that the success of DLBE programs goes beyond the overarching language policies that supposedly enable bilingual education; rather it hinges on the bottom-up commitment, collaboration and resilience of principals, …

Promoting Emergent Literacy In Preschool Through Extended Discourse: Covert Translanguaging In A Mandarin Immersion Environment, Robin E. Harvey, Kevin M. Wong

Education Division Scholarship

Rich oral language practices, including the opportunity and ability to participate in cognitively and linguistically challenging extended discourse, are foundational to early literacy development. To meet children’s needs in their first exposure to the languages of schooling, educators may engage students in extended discourse multilingually. The current study focuses on student-centered translanguaging conversations to examine strategies that preschool teachers employ to support young children’s emerging bilingual and biliteracy development in a Mandarin immersion preschool serving primarily nonheritage learners of Mandarin in the United States. Findings indicate that, despite the school’s Mandarin-only policy, teachers engaged in covert translanguaging practices to extend …

王士禛對明代山左詩學的接受與建構, Xiaotong Xu

Lingnan Theses (MPhil & PhD)

清初詩人王士禛（1634-1711），執騷壇牛耳數十年，以神韻大倡天下，其內涵與來源引致清代詩論家的翕然討論。本文擬在學界研究的基礎上，就王士禛詩學神韻以外的部分進行考察，提出前代山左詩學傳統為其早期詩學重要來源這一新視角，並從接受、建構兩方面梳理王士禛與明代山左詩學傳統之關聯。第一章先介紹山左詩學傳統；第二章以王士禛評選山左掖縣詩歌《濤音集》、及其手批叔祖王象春（1578-1632）《問山亭詩集選》為主，分析王士禛早期如何受到山左詩學傳統的影響，兼談王士禛在接受過程中對山左格調詩學的反思；第三章則分析王士禛對明代山左詩學的建構，他以自己的詩歌審美理想重新敘述明代山左詩學，一是建構“明有古澹一派”，二是他對兩位明代山左詩壇標桿人物李攀龍（1514-1570）、邊貢（1476-1532）的討論；從這兩部分進一步窺見他建構山左詩學的方法與目的；最後從王士禛對《明詩綜》選錄山左詩人的話語干涉入手，一窺他如何提高明代山左詩人的詩史地位。

Buddhism, Daoism, And Jeet Kune Do: A Contemporary Analysis Of Nondual Traditions In A New Age Martial Art, James H. Sutton

Journal of Conscious Evolution

Traditional martial arts are known for their focus on spiritual cultivation through a combination of self-defense training and contemplative practices like meditation. Traditional martial art systems tend to utilize nondual traditions commonly associated with Buddhism and Daoism; however, modern martial art practices, particularly those of MMA, no longer place a strong emphasis on such traditions. In turn, this has led to the development of high-performance sport athletes who emphasize self-defense efficiency in combat (usually combat sports) over all other attributes while also mixing “arts” or “styles” as necessary for the individual’s own self growth. I dub these as “new age” …

Book Review For Renegade Rhymes, Meng Ren

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

Renegade Rhymes delves into the personas, lyrics, and civic engagement of Taiwanese rappers, who leverage rap as a platform to navigate masculine politics, provide social critiques on Taiwan’s neoliberal economy and demanding work environment, and revitalize indigenous languages. Spanning from the post-martial law era spanning from the 1980s to the conclusion of the Nationalist Party period in 2016, Meredith Schweig focuses on the “old-school” generation of rappers, born between 1975 and 1985, whose formative years align with this pivotal historical period. Schweig begins by charting the history of Taiwan rap through interviews, examining three main threads: xiha, raoshe, …

Let’S Speak Chinese! 我们来讲中文！4th Edition, Jasmine Kong-Yan Tang

Geneseo Authors

This book is for those with experience learning Mandarin but who need confidence interacting in everyday situations. What distinguishes Let’s Speak Chinese! from other language acquisition guides is the emphasis on practical usage and the promotion of self-learning. There are eight chapters based on common themes, each illustrating typical dialogue: Shopping, Food & Drink, Asking for Help, Personal Information & Daily Conversation, Family & Relationships, Travel, In the Classroom, and Time & Seasons. This latest edition features more activities and resources. Now, dive in! The Traditional Characters edition can be purchased here.

The New China Model: Combating Economic And Political Order, Jack R. Swords

Dartmouth College Master’s Theses

Contemporary world politics centers around the actions of the two largest powers on Earth, the United States and China. They are both each other’s greatest adversary yet at the same time are each other’s largest trading partners. This thesis explores the nature of China’s economic climate that has seen it grow to one of the world’s foremost powers. However, the East Asian Nation faces economic challenges centered around the three D’s: Debt, Deflation, and Demographics. This thesis analyses what the nature of these challenges are and how China is responding to them within the ever-advancing world of economic and political …

Korean Newspapers And The “Irish Problem”: Japanese Censorship In Colonial Korea, 1920-1930, Jaehyun Kim

Student Work

Jaehyun Kim’s thesis, “Korean Newspapers and the ‘Irish Problem’: Japanese Censorship in Colonial Korea, 1920-1930,” touches upon a subject that scholars of colonial Korea have given insufficient attention to. Kim asks why there featured so many colonial Korean run newspaper articles on the Irish Independent movement in the 1920s and 1930s when the Japanese colonial government actively censored Korean newspapers. Indeed, in the wake of the March First Independent Movement, the colonial authorities shifted its harsh military rule to a more conciliatory cultural policy, allowing Koreans to vent their nationalistic sentiments within the confines of state control. However, the level …

The One-And-A-Half Chinas’ Problem: Taiwan And The Origins Of Peaceful Reunification, 1978–1988, Lucas Miner

Student Work

Lucas Miner’s thesis, “The One-and-a-Half Chinas’ Problem, Taiwan and the Origins of Peaceful Reunification, 1978–1988,” deals with attempts by the Chinese Communist Party and the Guomindang to achieve unification between the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and Taiwan during the early phase of China’s reform era. The thesis seeks to update our interpretation of Cross-Strait relations by exploring the origins of peaceful reunification, tracing its early evolution from 1978 to 1985. Primary sources from both sides of the strait—especially from the rich repository at the Academia Historica in Taipei—allows Miner to construct a nuanced and significant narrative that uniquely incorporates …

Threading With Hair // Intertwined Stories, Cloris Ding

Masters Theses

“Threading with Hair // Intertwined Stories” is a poignant exploration that navigates the nuanced landscape of women's growth and identity recognition amidst biased societal influences, tracing the trajectory from the artist’s mother's generation to her own. Through a deeply personal lens, the thesis transcends individual narratives to articulate some shared female experiences. Employing reflective works in the form of jewelry, objects and writings, the study delves into female-centric topics, including the fluidity of identity, the transformative journey through various life stages, and the profound impact of societal expectations and family heritage. At the heart of this exploration is the metaphorical …

Timeless Teachings & Unbridled Possibilities, Ruijie Tai

Masters Theses

I am looking at is process of TRANSLATING AND BRIDGING.

Qi, traditionally understood as the vital force that flows through and animates living beings and the environment, lies at the edge of our perceptual capabilities.

The notion that what we cannot "see" holds significant influence over our world suggests that there are aspects of reality and forces at play beyond our direct sensory experience. AI, with its capacity for analyzing vast amounts of data and recognizing patterns beyond human capability, offers a unique tool for exploring these unseen forces.

The potential of AI to perceive and understand Qi could open …

Equivision Habitat: The Collective Dreamworks, Shixuan Zhou

Masters Theses

近年来，武汉这座充满活力的城市在经济快速增长的同时，也经历了重大的社会变革。城市的天际线不断扩大，新的商业和住宅区正在迅速涌现，吸引了更多的中产阶级家庭。作为武汉的长期居民和观察者，我看到了这种向中产阶级社会转变的诱惑力，但我也敏锐地意识到随之而来的社会成本。武汉向中产阶级社会的转变不仅体现在消费水平的提高和生活方式的转变上，更重要的是，体现在城市空间和社区角色的重新配置上。曾经为低收入居民提供住房的旧社区正在被改造成高端公寓和商业空间。虽然这种转变改善了城市的整体形象，但也导致了原住民的流离失所。这种深刻的变化凸显了中产阶级化的双刃剑性质。在这种背景下，我开始关注那些被这一进程边缘化的人的声音和需求。老年居民失去了熟悉的社区环境，年轻人尽管渴望加入新兴的中产阶级，但仍在为高昂的生活成本而苦苦挣扎。这种日益加剧的社会分层，让我深刻反思了城市更新的公平性和可持续性。本文提出了一种基于集体所有权和通过社区土地信托进行管理的社区模式。这种模式将土地所有权从个人转移到社区集体，确保开发活动优先考虑社区的长期福利，而不是短期的商业收益。其目的不仅是提供经济适用房，还旨在培养一个具有共同愿景的社区，探索在城市发展的同时维持社会多样性和包容性的方法。

Creating A Gastrolinguistic Space: Food In Language Learning Materials Of Jesuit Missionaries During The Sixteenth To The Eighteenth Centuries, Zhongyuan Hu

Dublin Gastronomy Symposium

This article investigates the intersection of language and gastronomy in European Jesuit missionaries’ language learning materials in China during the late sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries. Through the analysis of three key texts, the article emphasizes the significance of food-related content in fostering linguistic and cultural understanding. It provides a thorough examination of how these texts facilitated cultural exchange, highlighting the role of food in creating a space for dialogue between European and Chinese cultures. This article introduces gastrolinguistics, the combination and interaction of food and language, to explore how missionaries adapted to and learned about Chinese culture and introduced …

More Than Historical Artifacts: Classical Chinese Gardens And How They Affect Human Perception Of Nature, Ningjing Xin

Master's Projects and Capstones

Under the influence of industrialization and urbanization, urban people nowadays are increasingly alienated from nature. Manipulated by algorithms, more and more urban people immerse themselves in the online world rather than paying attention to the offline environment that surrounds them. What’s worse, in such a process, they are becoming increasingly indifferent to their senses and bodies. Many pre-modern cultures have an attitude of closeness to nature, and such an attitude is reflected in some cultural heritages that have survived to this day, such as classical gardens. The design of classical Chinese gardens is deeply influenced by traditional Buddhist and Daoist …