Sports Medicine Commons^™

Vitamin D And The Athlete: Risks, Recommendations, And Benefits, Dana Ogan, Kelly Pritchett

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

Vitamin D is well known for its role in calcium regulation and bone health, but emerging literature tells of vitamin D’s central role in other vital body processes, such as: signaling gene response, protein synthesis, hormone synthesis, immune response, plus, cell turnover and regeneration. The discovery of the vitamin D receptor within the muscle suggested a significant role for vitamin D in muscle tissue function. This discovery led researchers to question the impact that vitamin D deficiency could have on athletic performance and injury. With over 77% of the general population considered vitamin D insufficient, it’s likely that many athletes …

Human Performance Lab Newsletter, March 2013, St. Cloud State University

Human Performance Lab Newsletter

Contents for this issue include:

• Kelly's Corner by David Bacharach
• Decompression Sickness: Alumni Feature by Dennis Madden
• Speed Walking: A Superior Alternative to Recreational Running/Jogging? by Kyle Miller
• Gait Analysis Laboratory by Emily Willaert
• Nutrition from a Pill? by Jill Gromberg, MS, RD
• In Memory of Doris D. Kelly 77
• Increasing Hydration Knowledge by Kelley Holmes

Using Benefits Based Models To Manage Sport Performance Enhancement Groups, Anna Swisher, Andy R. Dotterweich, Sterlynn Clendenin, Mauro Palmero, Amy E. Greene, Joseph T. Abbott, Heather Habbott, Jana Hollins

ETSU Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Lightning Safety: How Is It Conducted At Niaaa Member High Schools?, Mauro Palmero, Andy R. Dotterweich, Gary Lhotsky, Joseph Walker

ETSU Faculty Works

The purposes of this study were to explore the current scenario of interscholastic athletics in regards to the existence and enforcement of lightning safety policies applied to athletic outdoor activities, and to identify the common practices related to lightning safety currently utilized. The results showed that 87.2% of the respondents (N=804) have lightning safety policies. However, only 90.3% of the respondents who have lightning safety policies actually enforce them. It seems that during practices coaches are most commonly responsible for making the decision to stop/resume activity, and that during games athletic directors are most commonly making the call. However, almost …

Comparison Of Glucose Monitoring Methods During Steady-State Exercise In Women, Stefanie J. Herrington, David L. Gee, Shireen D. Dow, Keith A. Monosky, Erika Davis, Kelly Pritchett

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

Data from Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) systems may help improve overall daily glycemia; however, the accuracy of CGM during exercise remains questionable. The objective of this single group experimental study was to compare CGM-estimated values to venous plasma glucose (VPG) and capillary plasma glucose (CPG) during steady-state exercise. Twelve recreationally active females without diabetes (aged 21.8 ± 2.4 years), from Central Washington University completed the study. CGM is used by individuals with diabetes, however the purpose of this study was to first validate the use of this device during exercise for anyone. Data were collected between November 2009 and April …

Human Performance Lab Newsletter, March 2012, St. Cloud State University

Human Performance Lab Newsletter

Contents of this issue include:

• Kelly's Corner by David Bacharach
• Vitamin D in the Winter by Steven Milkovich
• Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): Friend or Foe? by Kyle Mille
• Moderate Intensity Exercise Helps Reduce the Risk of Dementia by Emily Willaert
• Fitness Trends in 2012 by Kelley Holmes
• Single Serving in the New Year? by Kara Mason
• Physical Activity and the Brain: HPL Alumni Feature: Dr. Steve Gaskill, 1994

Force Output Comparison Between Six U.S. Collegiate Athletic Teams., Caleb D. Bazyler, George Beckham, Howard Gray, Guy Hornsby, Ashley A. Kavanaugh, Christopher Macdonald, Satoshi Mizuguchi, Michael H. Stone, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

The aim of the study was to compare allometrically scaled peak force and the force at 250 ms between six U.S. collegiate sport teams using isometric mid-thigh pull. Ninety subjects performed maximum effort of isometric mid-thigh pull to measure force output. The data were averaged within the teams, and statistically compared between teams using one-way ANOVA (p=.01). Significant difference was found that men’s soccer and baseball produced higher allometrically scaled peak force, and men’s soccer, tennis, and baseball produced higher allometrically scaled force at 250 ms. The data indicates that not all sports possess similar strength characteristics because of the …

Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Alcohol Intake, And Metabolic Syndrome Incidence In Men, Kerem Shuval, Carrie E. Finley, Karen G. Chartier, Bijal A. Balasubramanian, Kelley Pettee Gabriel, Carolyn E. Barlow

Social Work Publications

Purpose

To prospectively examine the independent and joint effects of alcohol consumption and cardiorespiratory fitness on the incidence of metabolic syndrome in a cohort of men.

Methods

A prospective examination of 3,411 apparently healthy men at baseline, who came to the Cooper Clinic (Dallas, Texas) for at least 2 preventive visits (1979–2010). Primary exposure variables were cardiorespiratory fitness and alcohol intake; the outcome measure was metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the components thereof. Cox proportional hazard models were computed to assess the relationship between the exposure variables and the incidence of MetS while adjusting for confounders.

Results

Over a mean follow-up …

Extreme Sports: Are They Worth The Risk?, Angela Walin

3690: A Journal of First-Year Student Research Writing

Overview: Broken bones, head trauma, shark attacks, and casualties all while playing the sport you love. Is it worth it? With extreme sports come extreme risks. There are many controversies over these sports as to whether they are ethical or not and why anybody with the right mindset would consider participating in such events. These sports often involve high speed, great heights, a high level of physical exertion, and highly specialized gear or spectacular stunts. Some popular and quickly growing extreme sports in today’s society are snowboarding, speed and freestyle skiing, surfing, sky diving, mountain climbing, and wake boarding. Many …

Quantification Of Collagen Organization Using Fractal Dimensions And Fourier Transforms, Kayt E. Frisch, Sarah E. Duenwald-Kuehl, Hirohito Kobayashi, Connie S. Chamberlain, Roderic S. Lakes, Ray Vanderby Jr.

Faculty Publications - Biomedical, Mechanical, and Civil Engineering

Collagen fibers and fibrils that comprise tendons and ligaments are disrupted or damaged during injury. Fibrillogenesis during healing produces a matrix that is initially quite disorganized, but remodels over time to resemble, but not replicate, the original roughly parallel microstructure. Quantification of these changes is traditionally a laborious and subjective task. In this work we applied two automated techniques, fast Fourier transformation (FFT) and fractal dimension analysis (FA) to quantify the organization of collagen fibers or fibrils. Using multi-photon images of collagen fibers obtained from rat ligament we showed that for healing ligaments, FA differentiates more clearly between the different …

Differential Gene Expression Of Foxo1, Id1, And Id3 Between Young And Older Men And Associations With Muscle Mass And Function, Thomas W. Buford, Matthew B. Cooke, Brian D. Shelmadine, Geoffrey M. Hudson, Liz L. Redd, Darryn S. Willoughby

Faculty Publications

Background and aims: Aging is associated with significant losses of skeletal muscle mass and function. Numerous biochemical molecules have been implicated in the development of these age-related changes, however evidence from human models is sparse. Assessment of transcript expression is useful as it requires minimal tissue and may potentially be used in clinical trials. This study aimed to compare mRNA expression of proteolytic genes in skeletal muscle of young (18–35 yrs) and older (55–75 yrs) men.

Methods: Muscle tissue was obtained from young (n=14, 21.35±01.03 yrs) and older (n=13, 63.85±1.83 yrs) men using percutaneous biopsy, and transcript expression was quantified …

Human Performance Lab Newsletter, March 2011, St. Cloud State University

Human Performance Lab Newsletter

Contents of this issue include:

• Kelly's Corner by David Bacharach
• Socket Wall Texture by Janna Miron
• Don’t Lose the Big Picture: Insights for Training by Dennis Madden
• Block Angle in Swim Starts by Kate Kaufmann
• Ischemic Strength Training by Chad Johnson
• HPL Alumni Feature: Dr. Bruce Johnson, 1983

The Influence Of Macrophage Depletion On Ligament Healing, Connie S. Chamberlain, Ellen M. Leiferman, Kayt E. Frisch, Sijian Wang, Xipei Yang, Nico Van Rooijen, Geoff S. Baer, Stacey L. Brickson, Ray Vanderby

Faculty Publications - Biomedical, Mechanical, and Civil Engineering

Despite a complex cascade of cellular events to reconstruct damaged extracellular matrix (ECM), ligament healing results in a mechanically inferior, scar-like tissue. During normal healing, the number of macrophages significantly increases within the wound site. Then, granulation tissue expands into any residual, normal ligamentous tissue (creeping substitution), resulting in a larger region of healing, greater mechanical compromise, and an inefficient repair process. To study the effects of macrophages on the repair process, bilateral, surgical rupture of their medial collateral ligaments (MCLs) was done on rats. Treatment animals received liposome-encapsulated clodronate, 2 days before rupture to ablate phagocytosing macrophages. Ligaments were …

The Influence Of Interleukin-4 On Ligament Healing, Connie S. Chamberlain, Ellen M. Leiferman, Kayt E. Frisch, Sijian Wang, Xipei Yang, Stacey L. Brickson, Ray Vanderby

Faculty Publications - Biomedical, Mechanical, and Civil Engineering

Despite a complex cascade of cellular events to reconstruct the damaged extracellular matrix, ligament healing results in a mechanically inferior scarred ligament. During normal healing, granulation tissue expands into any residual normal ligamentous tissue (creeping substitution), resulting in a larger region of healing, greater mechanical compromise and an inefficient repair process. To control creeping substitution and possibly enhance the repair process, the antiinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-4 (IL-4), was administered to rats before and after rupture of their medial collateral ligaments. In vitro experiments showed a time-dependent effect on fibroblast proliferation after IL-4 treatment. In vivo treatments with IL-4 (100 ng/mL IV) …

Ultrasound Echo Is Related To Stress And Strain In Tendon, Sarah Duenwald, Hirohito Kobayashi, Kayt E. Frisch, Roderic Lakes, Ray Vanderby Jr.

Faculty Publications - Biomedical, Mechanical, and Civil Engineering

The mechanical behavior of tendons has been well studied in vitro. A noninvasive method to acquire mechanical data would be highly beneficial. Elastography has been a promising method of gathering in vivo tissue mechanical behavior, but it has inherent limitations. This study presents acoustoelasticity as an alternative ultrasound-based method of measuring tendon stress and strain by reporting a relationship between ultrasonic echo intensity (B-mode ultrasound image brightness) and mechanical behavior of tendon in vitro. Porcine digital flexor tendons were cyclically loaded in a mechanical testing system while an ultrasonic echo response was recorded. We report that echo intensity …

Psychology Of Sport Injury : A Holistic Approach To Rehabilitating The Injured Athlete, Jennifer Jordan Utley

Athletic Training Collection

Sports medicine practitioners must consider both physical and mental aspects of injury to fully rehabilitate the injured athlete. The psychological distress that follows injury has been well documented and calls for a change in the rehabilitation of injured athletes.^1-3 With the recent emergence of sport psychology and the emphasis on competitive sport in the United States and beyond, psychological skills are no longer solely utilized by the elite athlete; college and high school athletes are gaining instruction in the use of psychological skills from sport psychologists, coaches, and fellow teammates. Psychological skills have been shown to be effective in …

Human Performance Lab Newsletter, March 2010, St. Cloud State University

Human Performance Lab Newsletter

Contents of this issue include:

• Kelly's Corner by David Bacharach
• Evolution of an Ergometer by Eric Wright and Dennis Madden
• Physical Attributes of Youth in an Urban Tennis Program by Kate Kaufmann
• Stress and your Health by Ashlee Ford
• Fluid Intake and Athletic Performance by Ashley Davenport and Chad Johnson
• Improving Sudden Cardiac Arrest Survival Rate by April Kuschke

Hormone And Adpokine Alterations Across Eleven Weeks Of Training In Division I Collegiate Throwers: An Exploratory Study, W. Guy Hornsby, Christian R. Carter, Guy Gregory Haff, Micheal R. Ramsey, Andy R. Dotterweich, N. Travis Triplett, Charles A. Stuart, Margaret E. Stone, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

Conceptually, it is important to understand the underlying physiological mechanisms of any training program model. This understanding aids the coach/sport scientist in making better choices in manipulating variables in formulating the training model. These underlying mechanisms can be associated with training variable manipulation and fatigue management aspects as well as the overall health of the athlete. Hormone and cytokine concentrations can be linked to alterations resulting from the manipulation of training variables and to subsequent alterations in performance (Haff et al., 2008; Ishigaki et al., 2005; Jurimae et al., 2010; Stone et al., 2007). For example, alterations in the testosterone: …

Relationships Between Jump Characteristics Of Collegiate Female Athletes Competing In Different Disciplines, Christopher J. Macdonalds, Hugh S. Lamont, John C. Garner, Jeremy A. Gentles, Ashley A. Kavanaugh, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

No abstract provided.