Land Use Law Commons^™

White Tape And Indian Wards: Removing The Federal Bureaucracy To Empower Tribal Economies And Self-Government, Adam Crepelle

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

American Indians have the highest poverty rate in the United States, and dire poverty ensnares many reservations. With no private sector and abysmal infrastructure, reservations are frequently likened to third-world countries. Present-day Indian poverty is a direct consequence of present-day federal Indian law and policy. Two-hundred-year-old laws premised on Indian incompetency remain a part of the U.S. legal system; accordingly, Indian country is bound by heaps of federal regulations that apply nowhere else in the United States. The federal regulatory structure impedes tribal economic development and prevents tribes from controlling their own resources.

This Article asserts the federal regulatory “white …

Covid-19 Impacts: How A Global Pandemic Amid The Sunsets Of The Ptc And Itc Made The U.S. Wind And Solar Industries More Resilient, Kimberly E. Diamond

Fordham Environmental Law Review

A cataclysmic event is sometimes the necessary catalyst for companies within certain industries to re- examine, radically shift, and replace their standard practices with technologically-advanced alternatives. In the United States, the occurrence of the Coronavirus pandemic (“COVID-19”) during the sunsets of the Production Tax Credit (“PTC”) and the Investment Tax Credit (“ITC”) created a unique confluence of factors that produced a perfect storm tantamount to such a cataclysmic event for companies in the wind and solar industries, particularly developers. Over the years, the domestic utility-scale wind industry has come to rely heavily upon the PTC, while the domestic utility- scale …

Illegal Discharge: Exploring The History Of The Criminal Enforcement Of The U.S. Clean Water Act, Dr. Joshua Ozymy, Dr. Melisssa L. Jarrell

Fordham Environmental Law Review

The criminal prosecution of defendants that violate federal clean water laws has been ongoing for roughly four decades. Yet, we continue to have a poor understanding of how federal prosecutors use the U.S. Clean Water Act (“CWA”) to charge and prosecute criminals and the outcomes of those prosecutions. We use content analysis to analyze 2,588 federal criminal prosecution case summaries, 1983-2019, to gain a better historical understanding of how the CWA has been used as a prosecutorial tool, to bring out the major themes in the prosecutions, and quantify sentencing outcomes. Findings from the 828 CWA prosecutions undertaken during this …

Red Tide: A Blooming Concern For Florida Manatees, Shannon Price Esq.

Fordham Environmental Law Review

Although red tides are a common and natural occurrence around the coast of Florida, within the last few decades they have intensified and become much more deadly. Several identifiable human-caused factors exacerbate the size, concentration, and duration of the harmful algae bloom and disturb the environment’s natural balance. The Florida Gulf Coast provides all the algae’s necessary requirements for survival, the perfect storm to create a resilient super bloom that annihilates its host ecosystem.

This article explains the plight of Florida manatees who, like other marine animals and plants, are being injured or killed by this algae crisis. It also …

The Use Of Regular Militaries For Natural Disasters After A Major Event Where The Military Was Seen As A Failure - The Somalia Effect In The Age Of Black Lives Matters And Covid-19, Donald D.A. Schaefer

Fordham Environmental Law Review

This is written as a continuation of Dr. Schaefer’s recent article entitled, “The Use of the Regular Militaries for Natural Disaster Assistance: Climate Change and the Increasing Need for Changes to the Laws in the United States, China, Japan, the Philippines, and Other Countries.” 2 Perhaps few other areas have affected so many people than the Covid-19 pandemic. Coupled with this has been the struggle over the use of force by the military and police in the age of “black lives matters” and the movements that have been transpired as a result. With the increased global warming likely to continue …

Americans For Prosperity Foundation V. Matthew Rodriquez, Nancy Mclaughlin

Utah Law Faculty Scholarship

The twelve individuals filing this amicus brief are professors and scholars of the law of nonprofit organizations. No party in this case represents all three of charity’s key stakeholders: charities, states, and taxpayers who underwrite the charities’ funding. Amici are participating in this litigation in order to aid the Court in understanding how these three interests depend on one another. They also attempt to provide a clearer understanding of state supervision of charities and how that supervision related to federal tax law.

Opportunity Zones Providing Opportunity For Whom?: How The Current Regulations Are Failing And A Solution To Uplift Communities, Ruta R. Trivedi

Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice

In 2017, the newly enacted Tax Cuts and Jobs Act created an incentive for taxpayers to invest in Qualified Opportunity Zones— census tracts that consist of low-income communities. These investments, which are incentivized via lucrative tax deferral benefits, are intended to uplift communities and leave them in a better position than they were pre-investment. However, the initiative lacks regulation requiring investments to actually benefit low-income areas, resulting in money going to places that do not need help, while communities that are in need may face displacement. This is a result of many wealthy investors finding that luxury projects are the …

"Eco" Your Own Way: An Argument For State-Specific Climate Change Legislation, Amanda Voeller

Fordham Environmental Law Review

The consequences of climate change seriously and immediately threaten the American way of life, but proposed federal legislation like the Green New Deal is overly broad, unrealistic, and inefficient. The most effective way for the United States to combat climate change is not with a one-size-fits-all plan like the Green New Deal, but with federal legislation that incentivizes states and cities to enact and enforce individualized, local climate legislation. Different states and cities have different climates, available energy sources, and transportation needs, so the federal government should use financial incentives to encourage states and cities to pass tailor-made bills and …

The Aboriginal Land And Water Rights Of The Jemez Pueblo, John W. Ragsdale Jr

Faculty Works

Since time immemorial, the indigenous people of what became the Southwest United States have maintained sustainable, vibrant communities in the harshest of environments; one with generally arid climate, inconsistent precipitation, heat, wind, thin soil and erosion. These communities, on the razor’s edge, survived for eons because resilience and community, within and with the land, were at the center of their life, economy and order. Balance was not always perfect, but it was the target. The possibility of economic surplus and growth is perhaps a latent human instinct, but it until the fluorescence of Chaco Canyon in the eleventh century it …

Interior Landmark Designation And Regulation: Should Government Regulate Publicity Inaccessible Interior Landmarks, Victoria Tesone

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

The note argues that government regulation of interior landmarks should be contingent upon public access, as such regulation otherwise fails to serve its intended public benefit and unjustly burdens property owners. It proposes that without public access, landmark designation should not impose regulatory obligations on property owners, and suggests that the financial burden of preservation should shift to taxpayers rather than private owners.

Who Killed The Mockingbird?-An Analysis Of Community Theatres' Legal Standing Amid Copyright Disputes Over To Kill A Mockingbird And How To Protect Community Theatres, Yifan Li

Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights & Social Justice

No abstract provided.

Akibat Hukum Terhadap Akta Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli Yang Dinyatakan Prematur Berdasarkan Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 680 K/Pdt/2017, Desy Haryani

Indonesian Notary

Perjanjian pengikatan jual beli lahir karena adanya asas kebebasan berkontrak sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 1838 KUH Perdata. Walaupun didasari dengan kebebasan berkontrak perjanjian tersebut tetap mempunyai batasan yaitu tidak bertentangan dengan peraturan perundang- undangan, kesusilaan, dan ketertiban umum. Kaitannya dalam perjanjian pengikatan jual beli tanah maka harus diperhatikan ketentuan yang berkaitan terhadap objek perjanjian tersebut. Dalam putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 680 K/PDT/2017 perjanjian pengikatan jual beli dinyatakan batal demi hukum dikarenakan perjanjian bersifat prematur. Sehingga permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah perjanjian pengikatan jual beli yang dinyatakan prematur menurut pertimbangan hakim dalam putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 680 K/PDT/2017; tanggungjawab …

Keberlakuan Peraturan Menteri Agraria Dan Tata Ruang/ Kepala Badan Pertanahan Nasional Nomor 5 Tahun 2020 Berdasarkan Teori Perundang-Undangan, Grace Monika Harijanto

Indonesian Notary

This article discusses The Regulation of Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/ National Land Agency (ATR/BPN) Number 5 of 2020 Concerning Electronically Integrated Mortgage Right Service which come enacted in 2020 and becoming the legal basis for implementing electronic mortgage rights. The implementation of electronically mortgage right currently is still not consistent. The problems in the research are about the regulation of electronic mortgage right in The Regulation of Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/ National Land Agency Number 5 of 2020 reviewed based on the statutory theory. To answer these problems, a juridical normative legal research method …

Tanggung Jawab Notaris/Ppat Terhadap Objek Jual Beli Berantai Milik Pihak Yang Tidak Tercatat Dalam Sertipikat Tanah (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Agung No. 485/K/Pdt 2018), Farah Fadilla

Indonesian Notary

Penulisan ini membahas kasus jual beli berantai atas objek sebidang tanah. Pada saat jual beli pertama kali dilakukan pada tahun 1991, Notaris/PPAT tidak menuntaskan pengurusan pensertipikatannya sehingga terjadi jual beli berikut dan berikutnya lagi atas tanah tersebut sampai empat kali di tahun 2010. Hal ini berujung pada sengketa ahli waris dari pembeli pertama yang mengganggu pembeli terakhir/pembeli ke empat. Sengketa dimulai di tahun 2013 di Pengadilan Negeri Kepanjen, berlanjut Kasasi dan selanjutnya Putusan Mahkamah Agung No. 485/K/Pdt 2018. Permasalahan yang diangkat adalah proses berlangsungnya jual beli oleh Notaris/PPAT dan tanggung jawab jawab Notaris/PPAT terhadap objek jual beli berantai atas tanah …

Ratio Deciden Di Kasus Pembuatan Akta Jual Beli Tanah Yang Tidak Dibacakan Oleh Ppat Karena Berdasarkan Blangko Kosong (Studi Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 2721 K/Pdt/2017), Fasya Yustisia

Indonesian Notary

Praktek pembuatan akta jual beli tanah menggunakan blangko kosong merupakan kelalaian PPAT karena berkaitan dengan tidak dibacakannya akta tersebut oleh PPAT kepada para pihak. Kasus tersebut dapat menyeret PPAT sebagai pihak pembuat akta ke dalam Pengadilan untuk mempertanggungjawabkan perbuatannya. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai permasalahan pertimbangan hakim dalam memberikan putusan terhadap pertanggungjawaban PPAT dalam membuat akta jual beli tanah berdasar blangko kosong karena PPAT sebagai pejabat pembuat akta autentik erat kaitannya dengan Notaris padahal kewenangan keduanya berbeda sehingga hakim harus menggunakan dasar hukum peraturan yang tepat serta membahas mengenai pertanggungjawaban PPAT yang membuat akta jual beli tanah menggunakan blangko kosong tersebut. …

Pengalihan Hak Atas Tanah Dari Harta Bersama Tanpa Persetujuan Pasangan Suami Istri “(Studi Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Kotabaru Nomor 1/Pdt.G/2019/Pnktb), Elva Monica Hubertina

Indonesian Notary

Jurnal ini membahas pengalihan hak atas tanah yang merupakan harta bersama tanpa persetujuan dari pasangan. Pasal 36 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Perkawinan mewajibkan pasangan suami istri yang hendak bertindak atas harta bersama harus mendapatkan persetujuan dari kedua belah pihak. Adapun permasalahan yang diangkat dalam tesis ini adalah pengalihan hak terhadap objek harta bersama yang dibuat oleh PPAT tanpa adanya persetujuan pasangan suami istri terhadap pihak ketiga. Permasalahan berikutnya adalah tanggung jawab PPAT atas jual beli tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yang berbentuk Yuridis normatif dengan melakukan studi dokumen atas data sekunder. Analisis menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah dalam …

Tanggung Jawab Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah Terhadap Setoran Pajak Dalam Pembuatan Akta Otentik Berdasarkan Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Cibinong Nomor 158/Pid.Sus/2019/Pn.Cbi, Muhammad Abdoel Aziz

Indonesian Notary

This article discusses about the tax deposits in making authentic deeds. Based on the Decision of the Cibinong District Court Number 158 / Pid.Sus / 2019, TL was convicted of being proven guilty of a tax crime in the form of forgery of income tax and BPHTB deposits. TL is an employee of the PPAT office. The PPh and BPHTB deposit letters are for the purpose of making an authentic deed by PPAT. The criminal act could be committed because TL knew that PPAT was employing him, PPAT MS neglected to check in detail the PPh and BPHTB deposit letters …

Pewarisan Hak Prioritas Atas Hak Guna Bangunan Yang Sudah Habis Jangka Waktunya (Studi Kasus Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1771 K/Pdt/2019), Salsabila .

Indonesian Notary

HGB yang sudah kedaluwarsa seharusnya tidak dapat dijadikan sebagai objek warisan. Namun dalam beberapa putusan pengadilan, seperti contohnya dalam kasus putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1771 K/Pdt/2019, Majelis Hakim justru menetapkan objek sengketa, yang merupakan tanah bersertipikat HGB kedaluwarsa, sebagai harta warisan bersama yang belum dibagi di antara para ahli waris. Keputusan tersebut diambil karena hukum tanah nasional kita mengenal adanya hak prioritas, yakni hak untuk didahulukan dalam mengajukan permohonan hak atas tanah baru ke Kantor Pertanahan. Selama tanah masih dibutuhkan, hak itu melekat pada bekas pemegang haknya. Adapun permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah mengenai ketentuan pewarisan hak prioritas; …

Perkembangan Lembaga Konsinyasi Di Indonesia Dalam Memberikan Perlindungan Dan Kepastian Hukum Bagi Pemegang Hak Atas Tanah Dalam Ganti Rugi, Silvia Syarafina

Indonesian Notary

Kemajuan pembangunan dalam berbagai bidang di Indonesia, khususnya di sektor infrastruktur ditandai dengan banyaknya pembangunan termasuk pembangunan jalur kereta api cepat. Sedangkan disisi lain pertumbuhan penduduk setiap waktunya juga sangat tinggi seringkali menimbulkan kelangkaan tanah. Pengadaan tanah juga merupakan salah satu kegiatan yang dapat dilakukan bagi pelaksanaan pembangunan untuk kepentingan umum yang pengerjaannya dilakukan oleh Pemerintah atau instansi yang memerlukan tanah. Dalam pengadaan tanah dikenal konsep konsinyasi, yaitu suatu mekanisme penitipan ganti rugi yang dilakukan dengan permohonan penitipan kepada Ketua Pengadilan Negeri. Adapun permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini mengenai perkembangan lembaga konsinyasi di Indonesia dalam memberikan perlindungan dan kepastian …

Benturan Kepentingan Dalam Transaksi Jual Beli Saham Antara Yayasan Dan Perseroan Terbatas (Analisis Terhadap Putusan Peninjauan Kembali Nomor 627/Pk/Pdt/2019), Agnes Wulandari

Indonesian Notary

Dalam rangka mendukung kegiatannya untuk mencapai maksud dan tujuan dari
Anggaran Dasarnya, Yayasan diperbolehkan oleh Undang-undang Yayasan untuk
mendirikan badan usaha. Hal tersebut menjadi dasar bagi suatu Yayasan untuk
melakukan penyertaan modal pada suatu Perseroan Terbatas. Penyertaan modal yang
dilakukan oleh suatu Yayasan dapat dilakukan dalam hal menjadi pemegang saham
dalam satu Perseroan Terbatas. Sebagai pemegang saham dalam perseroan, Yayasan
tentunya memiliki hak sebagaimana yang dimiliki oleh pemegang saham suatu
Perseroan Terbatas pada umumnya, salah satunya yaitu untuk menjual atau
mengalihkan saham yang dimilikinya. Namun, terdapat beberapa larangan dalam
kaitanya dengan pertanggungjawaban pengurus Yayasan untuk menghindari transaksi
afiliasi yang disebabkan …