University of Miami School of Law
Stanford Law School
University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law
Georgetown University Law Center
Washington and Lee University School of Law
Komisi Pemilihan Umum Republik Indonesia
University of Cincinnati College of Law
Seton Hall Law
Seattle University School of Law
Cornell Law School
The Constitution And Charter In 2022: The Court, The Chief Justice, And Justice Brown,
2024
Osgoode Hall Law School of York University
The Constitution And Charter In 2022: The Court, The Chief Justice, And Justice Brown, Jamie Cameron
All Papers
Osgoode Hall’s 26th Annual Constitutional Cases Conference – the 2022 Year in Review – was held on April 14, 2023. This paper is drawn from the Opening Address, which provides an overview of the Supreme Court’s jurisprudence and is a longstanding feature of the conference. As it explains, the Court’s thirteen decisions in 2022 focused almost exclusively on the Charter’s legal rights and remedies, though R. v. Sharma considered and dismissed a claim under s.15, and the Court rendered one decision on public interest standing. The paper provides a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the 2022 jurisprudence, adding …
No Balancing For Anti-Constitutional Government Conduct,
2024
Duquesne University
No Balancing For Anti-Constitutional Government Conduct, Bruce Ledewitz
Ledewitz Papers
Published scholarship collected from academic journals, law reviews, newspaper publications & online periodicals
Conduct Relating To The Practice Of Law: Aba Model Rule 8.4(G) And Its History In Light Of The Constitution,
2023
St. Mary's University
Conduct Relating To The Practice Of Law: Aba Model Rule 8.4(G) And Its History In Light Of The Constitution, Nathan Moelker
St. Mary's Journal on Legal Malpractice & Ethics
The ABA adopted a revision to the Model Rules in 2016, prohibiting harassment and discrimination against a list of protected classes. The Rule, while well-intentioned and targeted at a serious problem, was broadly phrased to include a large category of protected speech and behavior. The Rule has already faced extensive and well-crafted challenges from the perspective of the Free Speech Clause. This article argues that two additional provisions of the First Amendment—the Free Exercise Clause and Freedom of Association—further illustrate the failure of the Rule and the alarmingly wide-ranging effects of such a prohibition on attorney conduct.
The Philosophy Of Ai: Learning From History, Shaping Our Future. Hearing Before The Committee On Homeland Security And Government Affairs, Senate, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, First Session.,
2023
William & Mary Law School
The Philosophy Of Ai: Learning From History, Shaping Our Future. Hearing Before The Committee On Homeland Security And Government Affairs, Senate, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, First Session., Margaret Hu
Congressional Testimony
No abstract provided.
Pengembalian Fungsi Pengawasan Pemilu Kepada Masyarakat Sebagai Wujud Penyelenggaraan Pemilu Yang Demokratis,
2023
Dewan Pimpinan Pusat Poros Sahabat Nusantara
Pengembalian Fungsi Pengawasan Pemilu Kepada Masyarakat Sebagai Wujud Penyelenggaraan Pemilu Yang Demokratis, Burhan Robith Dinaka, Fitra Arsil
Jurnal Konstitusi & Demokrasi
Elections as a means of implementing people's sovereignty which are held directly, publicly, freely, confidentially, honestly and fairly within the territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia which are based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia also mandate a model of election supervision through Bawaslu as the election organizing institution whose task is to observe, review, inspect and assess the election implementation process so that it runs in accordance with the provisions of applicable laws and regulations. The ongoing strengthening of positions, duties, functions and authority within Bawaslu has left a number …
Expert Knowledge, Democratic Accountability, And The Unitary Executive,
2023
Loyola University Chicago
Expert Knowledge, Democratic Accountability, And The Unitary Executive, Barry Sullivan
Fordham Law Review
Proponents of the “unitary executive” theory hold that “all federal officers exercising executive power must be subject to the direct control of the President.” But how, as a constitutional matter, should such presidential control be defined, and how should it be effectuated? Unitarians are not united. Kevin H. Rhodes and Professor Steven G. Calabresi identify at least three distinct versions of the theory, which reflect a diversity of responses to those questions. The strongest or most aggressive version (which may also find the least support in the relevant jurisprudence) holds that the President may “supplant any discretionary executive action taken …
Public Law Litigation In Eighteenth Century America: Diffuse Law Enforcement In A Partisan World,
2023
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law
Public Law Litigation In Eighteenth Century America: Diffuse Law Enforcement In A Partisan World, James E. Pfander
Fordham Law Review
For some time, the U.S. Supreme Court has used the standing doctrine to limit federal courts’ authority to entertain private suits aimed at enforcing public norms. In its most recent iteration, TransUnion LLC v. Ramirez, the Court invalidated a federal consumer protection statute on the theory that it wrongly empowered suit by individuals who lacked the requisite injury in fact. Shutting down private litigation was said to advance separation of powers values and to protect the enforcement discretion of a unitary executive branch. The Court characterized private enforcement as a novel feature of the 1970s, a time the Court …
Beyond Removal,
2023
Temple University Beasley School of Law
Beyond Removal, Jane Manners
Fordham Law Review
The contemporary debate over presidential power often assumes that removal is the primary tool through which a President exercises control over executive branch officers to fulfill the Constitutional duty to “take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed.” This must be so, the logic goes, because without this authority, “the President could not be held fully accountable for discharging his own responsibilities.” The power to remove, the U.S. Supreme Court has reasoned, also endows the President with the power to supervise. To be sure, other scholars and jurists have pointed out the ways that this fails to capture the range …
Command And Control: Operationalizing The Unitary Executive,
2023
Boston University School of Law
Command And Control: Operationalizing The Unitary Executive, Gary Lawson
Fordham Law Review
The concept of the unitary executive is written into the Constitution by virtue of Article II’s vesting of the “executive Power” in the President and not in executive officers created by Congress. Defenders and opponents alike of the “unitary executive” often equate the idea of presidential control of executive action with the power to remove executive personnel. But an unlimitable presidential removal power cannot be derived from the vesting of executive power in the President for the simple reason that it would not actually result in full presidential control of executive action, as the actions of now-fired subordinates would still …
The President's Approval Power,
2023
Marquette University Law School
The President's Approval Power, Christine Kexel Chabot
Fordham Law Review
This Essay introduces the President’s approval power as it was originally understood in the United States. Leading proponents of a unitary executive President have asserted that the President’s absolute power to control subordinate officers includes power to veto or approve subordinates’ discretionary actions before they take effect. This Essay reconsiders the approval power’s purportedly unitary function and presents previously overlooked evidence of the originalist foundations of a presidential approval power. My comprehensive analysis of every public act passed by the First Congress shows that the founding generation never understood Article II to grant the President general authority to approve subordinates’ …
The Diffuse Executive,
2023
University of Connecticut School of Law
The Diffuse Executive, Anya Bernstein, Cristina Rodriguez
Fordham Law Review
A unitary executive is an exacting ideal. It asks that all power in an administration be gathered in the person of the President, who should have full authority to determine the actions of officials and employees. Even if the President does not directly control every executive action (how could he?), when officials fail to implement presidential preferences, the unitary theory dictates that the President must have the power to remove them. The model posits a tightly organized hierarchy—every rung implementing the substantive decisions of the rung above, with orders flowing from the top: a command-and-control structure for government action. And, …
Article Iii, The Bill Of Rights, And Administrative Adjudication,
2023
University of Texas School of Law
Article Iii, The Bill Of Rights, And Administrative Adjudication, John M. Golden, Thomas H. Lee
Fordham Law Review
Modern reconsideration of legal constraints on the federal administrative state has commonly focused on agency rulemaking but seems increasingly concerned with agency adjudication. In this Essay, we provide an overview of constitutional issues implicated by administrative adjudication. We specifically explain how and why the so-called public-rights doctrine generally allows federal administrative adjudication outside private-rights actions substantially linked to traditional actions in law, equity, or admiralty. We also discuss how constitutional provisions outside Article III—including Bill of Rights protections of individuals as against the federal government—may nonetheless require a role for Article III courts even in so called public rights cases, …
The Collateral Fallout From The Quest For A Unitary Executive,
2023
Chicago-Kent College of Law
The Collateral Fallout From The Quest For A Unitary Executive, Harold J. Krent
Fordham Law Review
To bolster a strong “Unitary Executive,” the Roberts Court has held that Congress can neither shield a single head of an administrative agency nor an inferior officer in an independent agency from removal at will. With respect to appointments, the Roberts Court has held that adjudicative officers in many executive agencies must now be appointed either by the President or a superior officer under the President’s supervision. As a result, dissenting Justices and academics have accused the Roberts Court of expanding Article II beyond both the constitutional text—which seemingly grants Congress the discretion to structure administrative agencies as it deems …
Police Officers, Policy, And Personnel Files: Prosecutorial Disclosure Obligations Above And Beyond Brady,
2023
Fordham University School of Law
Police Officers, Policy, And Personnel Files: Prosecutorial Disclosure Obligations Above And Beyond Brady, Lauren Giles
Fordham Law Review
Police officers play a significant role in the criminal trial process and are unlike any other witness who will take the stand. They are trained to testify, and jurors find them more credible than other witnesses, even though officers may have more incentive to lie than the ordinary witness. Despite the role of police officers in criminal proceedings, state statutes say virtually nothing about evidence used to impeach police officers, often contained in the officer’s personnel file. Worse still, the standard for disclosing information in an officer’s personnel file varies among and within states, resulting in inconsistent Brady disclosures. This …
Due Process Protections For Charter School Students In Long-Term Exclusionary Discipline Proceedings,
2023
Fordham University School of Law
Due Process Protections For Charter School Students In Long-Term Exclusionary Discipline Proceedings, Leah E. Soloff
Fordham Law Review
Charter schools—public schools that are subject to minimal state regulation—often employ high levels of exclusionary discipline. Because charter schools in many states are exempt from state laws regulating school discipline, the U.S. Constitution provides charter school students their only source of protections during such disciplinary proceedings. However, the constitutional due process protections afforded to public school students in disciplinary proceedings remain a source of significant disagreement among courts. Although the U.S. Supreme Court has established that public school students must be afforded due process protections in exclusionary discipline proceedings, the Court has yet to determine what process is actually due …
Moore, The Sixteenth Amendment, And The Underpinnings Of The Deemed Repatriation Provision,
2023
Southern Methodist University, Dedman School of Law
Moore, The Sixteenth Amendment, And The Underpinnings Of The Deemed Repatriation Provision, Christopher H. Hanna
SMU Law Review Forum
In Moore v. United States, the U.S. Supreme Court will consider a rare Sixteenth Amendment case. On its face, the case deals with deemed repatriation, a discrete provision of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act that included in income past accumulated earnings held abroad. This short Article seeks to contextualize the deemed repatriation provision in terms of why it was passed and how it comports with principles underlying the U.S. tax code. Drawing on firsthand experience researching and drafting the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, the Article shows the analysis that went into enacting the provision, focusing on …
Inconsistencies In State Court Decisions Regarding Public School Financing Are Violating The Constitutional Rights Of Citizens: Why The Nevada Court In Shea V. State Should Have Intervened,
2023
University of Miami School of Law.
Inconsistencies In State Court Decisions Regarding Public School Financing Are Violating The Constitutional Rights Of Citizens: Why The Nevada Court In Shea V. State Should Have Intervened, Corinne Milnamow
University of Miami Law Review
In 1973, the Supreme Court decided the landmark case, San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez, which held there was no fundamental right to education under the United States Constitution. In the years that have followed Rodriguez, state courts across the country have been left to decide issues related to public school financing. Many plaintiffs in these cases will argue that education is a fundamental right under their state’s constitution and that their respective state’s public school financing structure—one that heavily relies on local property taxes—is unconstitutional because of the discrepancies in the quality of education one will receive in …
The Uncertain Future Of Constitutional Democracy In The Era Of Populism: Chile And Beyond,
2023
New York University School of Law
The Uncertain Future Of Constitutional Democracy In The Era Of Populism: Chile And Beyond, Samuel Issacharoff, Sergio Verdugo
University of Miami Law Review
Largely missing from the extensive discussions of populism and illiberal democracy is the emerging question of 21st century constitutionalism. Nowadays, it is hard to see relevant constitutional changes without a strong appeal to direct popular political participation. Institutional mechanisms such as referenda, citizens’ assemblies, and constitutional conventions emerge as near-universal parts of the canon of every academic and political discussion on how constitutions should be enacted and amended. This Article’s aim is to offer a cautionary approach to the way participatory mechanisms can work in constitution-making and to stress the difference between the power to ratify constitutional proposals and the …
Sovereignty Before Law,
2023
National Law School of India University, Bengaluru
Sovereignty Before Law, Salmoli Choudhuri, Moiz Tundawala
Articles
Book review: Violent Fraternity: Indian Political Thought in the Global Age, by Shruti Kapila, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2021, 328 pp., $37.00/£30.00, ISBN 9780691195223
Americans For Prosperity Foundation V. Bonta: Protecting Free Speech And Its Implications For Campaign Finance Disclosures,
2023
Georgetown University Law Center
Americans For Prosperity Foundation V. Bonta: Protecting Free Speech And Its Implications For Campaign Finance Disclosures, Sara Lindsay Neier
Fordham Law Voting Rights and Democracy Forum
In 2021, the United States Supreme Court in Americans for Prosperity Foundation v. Bonta considered the anonymous speech rights of charitable donors against the California Attorney General’s interest in preventing wrongdoing by charitable organizations. The Court applied exacting scrutiny, a standard traditionally applied to campaign finance disclosure laws, determining that California’s requirement was facially invalid as a violation of associational rights. Bonta did not concern campaign finance, making this application of exacting scrutiny novel. This Article considers the open questions raised by Bonta regarding how exacting scrutiny should be applied and what it means for the future of campaign finance …
