Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources, And Associated Traditional Knowledge, 2024 Texas A&M University School of Law
Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources, And Associated Traditional Knowledge, N.S. Gopalakrishnan, Srividhya Ragavan, Narendran Thiruthy
Faculty Scholarship
The recently concluded WIPO Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge mandates disclosure requirements in patent applications, thereby creating an obligation to attribute the use of genetic resources and traditional knowledge. The WIPO member countries thus have an opportunity to modify their national patent laws, so that they can effectively control genetic resources and traditional knowledge. This article examines the choices that the biodiversity-rich countries have when designing their national legal systems to implement the treaty.
The Loss & Damage Fund: Will It Leave Greenland Behind?, 2024 University of Maine School of Law
The Loss & Damage Fund: Will It Leave Greenland Behind?, Natalie L. Nowatzke
Ocean and Coastal Law Journal
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) maintains three pillars of international climate governance: (1) mitigation, (2) adaptation, and (3) loss and damage. Loss and damage, the newest pillar, refers to the negative effects of climate change that transpire despite mitigation and adaptation measures. This notion has manifested into the newly operationalized Loss and Damage Fund, which is designed to compensate developing nations for the losses and damages that occur. This Comment identifies a gap in the Loss and Damage Fund, which will leave Greenland left out of receiving compensation, despite being extremely vulnerable to climate change, because …
Arctic Policy Considerations For Scottish Independence, 2024 University of Maine School of Law
Arctic Policy Considerations For Scottish Independence, Mason Mcinnis Brewer
Ocean and Coastal Law Journal
The ongoing effects of climate change on the Arctic environment raises the geopolitical importance of the Arctic and nearby regions, such as the broader High North. With deteriorating relations between Russia and much of the international community, changes to international borders in these regions would undoubtedly be a concern for those with Arctic interests. Consequently, due to Scotland’s location in the world, the legal analysis surrounding any Scottish claim to external self-determination under international law would include Arctic considerations. Following a review of the Artic policy priorities of the U.K. and Scottish governments, and each government's involvement in developing those …
Climate Change In Arctic And Indigenous Peoples: Challenges And Solutions, 2024 University of Maine School of Law
Climate Change In Arctic And Indigenous Peoples: Challenges And Solutions, Vera Solovyeva
Ocean and Coastal Law Journal
Climate change poses a serious threat to human well-being, negatively affecting health, traditional environmental management, water supply and food security. Changes in the environment are exacerbating indigenous peoples' problems. This is especially relevant to those who lead traditional lifestyles and whose well-being depends on agricultural and livestock production. This Article addresses the challenges and potential solutions to climate change in the Arctic ecosystem, including the Sub-Arctic regions. Physical changes to the landscape are examined alongside impacts on Indigenous culture and identity. In addition, the article explains the importance of Indigenous knowledge, values, and ethics in developing successful adaptation strategies. In …
Indigenous Peoples As A Tool For Russia's International Publicity In The Arctic Region, 2024 University of Maine School of Law
Indigenous Peoples As A Tool For Russia's International Publicity In The Arctic Region, Pavel Sulyandziga, Dmitry Berezhkov
Ocean and Coastal Law Journal
The Arctic region is strategically significant with its economic activity, resources, and its Indigenous populations. Russia has recognized the significance of the Indigenous peoples living in the Arctic and has fueled its international publicity by using these peoples as a tool for public relations. The colonizing of these regions and the strategic use of propaganda by the Russian government weaves a complicated tale—one in which the Russian administration voices support for the Indigenous populations while removing protections for these same peoples.
Strategic Minerals And The U.S. Arctic Continental Shelf, 2024 University of Maine School of Law
Strategic Minerals And The U.S. Arctic Continental Shelf, James Kraska
Ocean and Coastal Law Journal
The United States may seek to reduce its dependency on China for strategic minerals and rare earth elements by exploiting deposits on its continental shelf in the Arctic region. On December 19, 2023, the United States announced the outer limits of it extended continental shelf. Like other countries, the United States exercises sovereign rights and jurisdiction over the living and non-living resources of the continental shelf, which is comprised of the sea bed and subsoil of the continental margin. The U.S. continental shelf extends beyond 200 nautical miles in seven locations, including the Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean. Although the …
Under The Shadow Of Absolute Sovereignty: Exploring Conditional Sovereignty In The Case Of Svalbard Geopolitics, 2024 University of Maine School of Law
Under The Shadow Of Absolute Sovereignty: Exploring Conditional Sovereignty In The Case Of Svalbard Geopolitics, Eda Ayaydin
Ocean and Coastal Law Journal
This Article analyzes different sovereignty approaches in the context of Svalbard. Since the signing of the Svalbard Treaty, establishing Norway’s absolute sovereignty over the archipelago, the geopolitics of the region have evolved, particularly given Svalbard’s geographical position in the European Arctic. This Article concludes that Svalbard's sovereignty deviates from the classical concept of absolute sovereignty, instead operating under the framework of conditional sovereignty.
Greenland's Foreign Policy, Past And Present: From The Merchants' Message To Bilateral Agreements, 2024 University of Maine School of Law
Greenland's Foreign Policy, Past And Present: From The Merchants' Message To Bilateral Agreements, Kenneth Høegh
Ocean and Coastal Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Russia's Arctic Maritime Claims, 2024 University of Maine School of Law
Russia's Arctic Maritime Claims, Raul Pete Pedrozo
Ocean and Coastal Law Journal
As an Arctic State, Russia has extensive maritime claims in the Arctic Ocean. This Article analyzes those claims to determine their consistency with international law. A brief overview of the applicable legal regime in the Arctic is provided, in particular, a discussion of Article 234 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), applicability of the mandatory Polar Code adopted by the International Maritime Organization in 2017, and the various legally binding agreements adopted by the Arctic Council. The Article will also review Russia’s maritime boundary agreements with the United States (1990), which is being provisionally …
The Public Order Of The Arctic: Problems And Prospects, 2024 University of Maine School of Law
The Public Order Of The Arctic: Problems And Prospects, Charles H. Norchi
Ocean and Coastal Law Journal
No abstract provided.
The Preservation Of Marine Fisheries Resources Within Asean Nations’ Eez, 2024 Faculty of Law, Universitas Tarumanagara
The Preservation Of Marine Fisheries Resources Within Asean Nations’ Eez, Ida Kurnia
Indonesia Law Review
The preservation of marine fisheries resources within ASEAN nations’ Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is an urgent and pressing challenge requiring collaborative efforts from all ASEAN nations. Challenges such as illegal fishing, climate change, and lack of coordination between ASEAN nations may cause damage to marine biota food chain, especially marine fisheries in Southeast Asia region. To solve this conundrum, collaboration between ASEAN nations pose as the key solution. The research method used in this study is normative juridical approach by analyzing primary legal materials such as International Agreements and other international laws & sources. Further analysis was also …
Economic Sanctions And Article V(2)(B) Of The New York Convention: A Touchy Interaction Exacerbated By The Ukraine-Russia Conflict, 2024 Pepperdine University
Economic Sanctions And Article V(2)(B) Of The New York Convention: A Touchy Interaction Exacerbated By The Ukraine-Russia Conflict, Alberto Pomari
Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal
States have deployed an unprecedented wave of unilateral sanctions in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. They have also escalated the political connotation of economic sanctions by aggressively implementing them extraterritorially. This exercise of lawfare, substituting economic sanctions for armed conflict, raises the question of whether to consider unilateral sanctions elements of public policy within the meaning of Article V(2)(b) of the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards. This article seeks to clarify the interplay between Article V(2)(b) and economic sanctions. Explaining the two different approaches that domestic courts implement worldwide, recent court …
Conservation Co-Governance As A Cure: Investigating Aotearoa New Zealand's Conservation Co-Governance Model As A Blueprint For Restoring Navajo Sovereignty In Managing Canyon De Chelly, 2024 Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law
Conservation Co-Governance As A Cure: Investigating Aotearoa New Zealand's Conservation Co-Governance Model As A Blueprint For Restoring Navajo Sovereignty In Managing Canyon De Chelly, Shana R. Herman
Villanova Environmental Law Journal (1991 - )
No abstract provided.
The Mysterious Case Of The Attacks Against The Halifax Public Gardens: The Enclosure Of "Common" Property , Public Access To Nature, And Sustainability In The City, 2024 Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law
The Mysterious Case Of The Attacks Against The Halifax Public Gardens: The Enclosure Of "Common" Property , Public Access To Nature, And Sustainability In The City, Dr. Sara Gwendolyn Ross
Villanova Environmental Law Journal (1991 - )
No abstract provided.
How Redistricting Affects Native Representation: The Turtle Mountain Band Of Chippewa, 2024 Seattle University School of Law
How Redistricting Affects Native Representation: The Turtle Mountain Band Of Chippewa, Ryland Mahre
American Indian Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Digital Allotment And Vanishing Indians: Idsov And Llms, 2024 University of Washington
Digital Allotment And Vanishing Indians: Idsov And Llms, Sam Mcveety
American Indian Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Participation In Paradise?: Indigenous Participation And Environmental Decisionmaking In HawaiʻI, 2024 Florida State University
Participation In Paradise?: Indigenous Participation And Environmental Decisionmaking In HawaiʻI, Lindsay Peterson
American Indian Law Journal
No abstract provided.
Thai Drug Offenses And Narcotic Charges: Tracing Thailand’S Drug Control And Capital Punishment History, 2024 Brooklyn Law School
Thai Drug Offenses And Narcotic Charges: Tracing Thailand’S Drug Control And Capital Punishment History, Jonathan Hasson
Brooklyn Journal of International Law
The Article examines Thailand's political economy of drugs and use of sanctions, including capital punishment, using a historical approach. It traces Thailand's nation building and emergence as a global hub for illicit drugs against the backdrop of European and US interventions since the colonial era. The Article reveals how Western concepts and discourses were appropriated by Thai elites to advance local agendas while suppressing democratic movements. The Article explores how the drug trade became entangled with government corruption, militarization, and extrajudicial state violence which often targeted ethnic minorities. In light of recent cannabis policy changes, the Article considers the historical …
The Ideal Model For Countermeasures Of Sexual Violence In The Universities Environment, 2024 Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS)
The Ideal Model For Countermeasures Of Sexual Violence In The Universities Environment, Airlangga Surya Nagara, Elisabeth Ayu Puspita Adi
Indonesia Law Review
This Cases of sexual violence are rife, including in universities. Data compiled by Komnas Perempuan shows that during 2015-2021, out of 67 reported cases of sexual violence against women, 35 cases occurred in universities. To overcome this, the government has issued the PPKS Permendikbud, and the TPKS Law. In fact, the existence of these regulations has not had a significant impact. It is proven that in 2022, there were 49 reports of sexual violence in universities received by the Ministry of Education and Culture's PPKS Working Group. Even as of May 2023, reports regarding sexual violence in universities are still …
Amending The Foreign Sovereign Immunity Act To Promote Accountability For Violations Of Peremptory Norms Of International Law, 2024 Brooklyn Law School
Amending The Foreign Sovereign Immunity Act To Promote Accountability For Violations Of Peremptory Norms Of International Law, Joshua Newman
Brooklyn Journal of International Law
The current state of the United States legal system, and international law at large, fails to afford victims of violations of international law with proper redress, when those violations were facilitated by a domestic taking. The Foreign Sovereign Immunity Act provides foreign sovereigns immunity from the jurisdiction of United States courts when those foreign sovereigns effectuate of a violation of international law through domestic takings. Courts have attempted to circumvent the restrictions of the Foreign Sovereign Immunity Act with exceptions such as the genocide exception. Unfortunately, the Supreme Court’s recent decision in Federal Republic of Germany v Philipp renounced the …