Commercial Law Commons^™

Legal Protection Of Shareholders Of The Company Targeted By Friendly Takeover Bid: Analytical Study In Uae Law, Dr. Alaa Al-Nuaimi

UAEU Law Journal

Takeover is an important way of economic concentration. The bidder, with a large share holding of company's shares, is expanding his scope economically and geographically, which increases his competitiveness in the market. Takeover also enhances the competitiveness of the company targeted by it, and can improve its performance by leveraging the bidder economic capabilities. However, these advantages are offset by certain flaws, and do not compromise the risks that may be incurred by the shareholders of the company targeted by the takeover bids, as their agreement to sell their shares and thus enable the bidder to achieve his aim should …

Perubahan Pengaturan Pendirian Perseroan Terbatas Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 Pasca Diundangkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020, Shandy Aditya Pratama

Indonesian Notary

Pendirian Perseroan Terbatas seharusnya diatur dengan jelas namun diundangkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum terkait pengaturan pendirian Perseroan Terbatas.. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif-deskriptif melalui studi kepustakaan dan bertujuan untuk menelaah proses pendirian Perseroan Terbatas pasca perubahan Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa pengaturan pendirian Perseroan Terbatas pasca diundangkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 yang mengubah Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 mengalami perubahan dalam dua hal besar, yakni terdapat pengaturan pendirian untuk Perseroan Terbatas Perorangan dan perubahan ketentuan umum untuk pendirian PT khususnya terkait simplikasi tahapan pendirian Perseroan Terbatas de jure dan …

Keabsahan Akta Notariil Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham (Rups) Elektronik Perusahaan Terbuka Di Tinjau Dari Undang Undang Tentang Jabatan Notaris, Ari Irfano

Indonesian Notary

Pasar modal Indonesia sebagai salah satu pusat aktivitas keuangan di Indonesia juga tak lepas terkena dampak dari kemajuan IT. Regulator pasar modal, dalam hal ini Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK), mulai mengatur penggunaan media elektronik sebagai salah satu pendukung aktivitas di pasar modal. Salah satu kebijakan penggunaan media elektronik yang dikeluarkan OJK adalah peraturan OJK No. 16/POJK.04/2020 tanggal 21 April 2020 tentang Pelaksanaan Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham Perusahaan Terbuka Secara Elektronik. Peraturan tersebut mengatur tata cara syarat-syarat untuk perusahaan terbuka yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) dalam melaksanakan Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham (RUPS) secara elektronik. Penulis berpendapat bahwa kebijakan pelaksanaan …

Perkawinan Beda Agama Di Indonesia (Studi Kasus : Penetapan Pn Jakarta Selatan Nomor 1139/Pdt.P/2018/Pn.Jkt.Sel.), Hubertus Shakti Bagaskara Oratmangun

Indonesian Notary

Perkawinan adalah suatu ikatan lahir dan batin antara seorang pria dan wanita sebagai suami istri dengan tujuan untuk membentuk suatu keluarga (rumah tangga) yang bahagia dan kekal berdasarkan Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa. Dalam Undang-Undang Perkawinan tidak diatur secara jelas tentang perkawinan beda agama. Namun, dalam Pasal 35 Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2006 tentang Administrasi Kependudukan yang menyebutkan bahwa: Pencatatan perkawinan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 35 berlaku pula bagi: a. Perkawinan yang ditetapkan oleh Pengadilan; dan b. Perkawinan Warga Negara Asing yang dilakukan di Indonesia atas permintaan Warga Negara Asing yang bersangkutan. Kemudian dalam penjelasan Pasal 35 huruf (a) disebutkan bahwa …

Fair Lending For Cannabis Banking Justice, Benjamin T. Seymour

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform Caveat

This Comment offers a fair lending solution to promote racial equity in cannabis banking reform: amend the Equal Credit Opportunity Act to ensure individuals previously arrested, charged, or convicted for selling, cultivating, or possessing marijuana will not therefore be precluded from loans to start legal cannabis businesses. Given disparities in the criminal enforcement of marijuana laws, this amendment would provide racial justice benefits, while also encouraging entrepreneurship. As a market-based social justice effort, this amendment offers a bipartisan approach to one of the most vexing and contentious issues in marijuana banking reform.

Part II of this Comment briefly surveys the …

Contract Design When Relationship-Specific Investment Produces Asymmetric Information, Albert H. Choi, George Triantis

Articles

Under conventional contract theory, contracts may be efficient by protecting relationship specific investment from holdup in subsequent (re)negotiation over terms of trade. This paper demonstrates a different problem when specific investment also provides significant private information to the investing party. This is fairly common: for example, a manufacturer invests to learn about its buyer's idiosyncratic needs or a collaborator invests to learn about a joint venture. We show how such private information can lead to subsequent bargaining failure and suboptimal ex ante relationship-specific investment. We also show that this inefficiency is worse if the parties enter into a binding and …

A Revised Monitoring Model Confronts Today's Movement Toward Managerialism, Randall S. Thomas, James D. Cox

Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications

There are many lessons to be drawn from the sweep of history. In law, the compelling story repeatedly told is the observable co-movement of law on the one hand, and economic, social, and political changes on the other hand. Aberrations, however, do arise but generally do not persist in the long term. Contemporary corporate law seems to be on the cusp of such an abnormality as legal developments and proposed reforms for corporate law are currently conflicting with the direction in which the host environment is moving. This article identifies a series of contemporary judicial and regulatory corporate governance developments …

Predatory Fintech And The Politics Of Banking, Christopher K. Odinet

Faculty Scholarship

With American families living on the financial edge and seeking out high-cost loans even before COVID-19, the term financial technology or “fintech” has been used like an incantation aimed at remedying everything that’s wrong with America’s financial system. Scholars and supporters from both the public and private sector proclaim that innovations in financial technology will “bank the unbanked” and open new channels to affordable credit. This exuberance for all things tech in finance has led to a quiet yet aggressive deregulatory agenda, including, as of late, a federal assault via rulemaking on the ability of states to police the cost …

Qualified Opportunity Funds: Private Equity Exemptions From Public Responsibility, Audrey E. Abate

Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial & Commercial Law

The historic Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA), passed and signed into law in 2017, included a pilot program of a new kind of tax advantage: the Qualified Opportunity Zone. The obscure provision has since spawned novel investment vehicles, called Qualified Opportunity Funds, through which qualified individuals and entities participate in what are often significant tax advantages, including deferral of capital gains for up to ten years. Because Qualified Opportunity Funds have come into existence so recently, regulation has been slow to catch up to the ways in which this tax program is rapidly attracting capital from private equity, investment …

A Rejection Of Absolutist Duties As A Barrier To Creditor Protection: Facilitating Directorial Decisivness Surrounding Insolvency Through The Business Judgment Rule, Philip Gavin

Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial & Commercial Law

This Article draws attention to the difficulties that directors may face when seeking to discharge their duties as a corporation approaches insolvency, in particular when directors must discern the point at which a corporation has become insolvent. It argues that discretion allowed to directors by the business judgment rule will be crucial to overcoming these difficulties. To do this, this article examines the nature of duties owed by directors both before and after insolvency, and accepts the stance taken by Delaware courts in recent years towards an expansive understanding of a corporation’s interests upon insolvency. It then considers unresolved issues …

Let's Stop Playing Games: Why Better Congressional Interaction Is Required To Protect Young Gamers, Dominick Tarantino

Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial & Commercial Law

This Note addresses the predatory nature of video game microtransactions, the serious risks they pose, and why an improved plan of legislative intervention is necessary to protect young, vulnerable video game consumers. With loot box microtransactions driving a flourishing industry that has reached unprecedented levels of success, adequate consumer protection cannot properly be achieved through self-regulation. Senator Josh Hawley’s Protecting Children from Abusive Games Act is a step in the right direction, but its broad language will result in unintended consequences that can cripple the entire industry. Revising the bill’s language will protect the intended young consumer and allow for …

Independent Craft Breweries Struggle Under Distribution Laws That Create A Power Imbalance In Favor Of Wholesalers, Daniel Croxall

William & Mary Business Law Review

Independent craft breweries are facing historic challenges under the COVID-19 pandemic. To make matters worse, many states prohibit a brewery from terminating a distribution contract with a wholesaler absent statutorily defined “good cause,” which typically means fraud, bankruptcy, or other illegal conduct. In this context, lagging sales or poor distribution performance are not grounds for a brewery to terminate a distribution contract. This means that it is nearly impossible, legally or financially, for an independent craft brewery to terminate a distribution contract with an unsatisfactory wholesaler. In essence, states have statutorily tipped the balance of power in favor of distributors …

Understanding The Economic And Political Effects Of Trump's China Tariffs, Daniel C. K. Chow, Ian M. Sheldon

William & Mary Business Law Review

Although President Trump has persistently claimed that China is paying billions of dollars in tariffs imposed on Chinese imports to the United States, empirical evidence indicates that U.S. consumers are bearing the cost of the tariffs: $51 billion in increased prices and a net loss of $7.2 billion to the U.S. economy. The unilateral power-based approach to trade used by the Trump Administration has also resulted in unexpected economic and political costs in key Midwestern states that helped propel Trump to the U.S. presidency in 2016. These costs have led to reverses for the Trump Administration in the mid-term elections …

Getting Away With Murder: How California State Law Determined Recovery In First Roundup Cancer Case Johnson V. Monsato Co., Eliza L. Quattlebaum

Villanova Environmental Law Journal (1991 - )

No abstract provided.

Price Elasticity Of Demand In The Market For Governance In Businesses Location Decisions In Oecd Nations From 2015-2019, Luke Kendall

Senior Honors Theses

This study proposes a framework of viewing the competition between governments to attract businesses into their jurisdiction as a competitive market. Literature is reviewed on the market forces and incentives of businesses and governments in location decisions. A possible gap in the literature of quantifying the price elasticity of competition between national governments for business activity is identified. OECD data is analyzed using equations supported by literature and results are evaluated to better understand the elasticity of international location decisions. The results of this study indicate that elasticity varies widely between countries, and countries with smaller economies may face more …

Responsible Business Conduct In The Extractive Industries: Prospect Of Respecting Women's Human Rights In Ghana, Veronica Dossah

LLM Theses

Business operations in the extractive industries (EI) continue to violate women’s human rights and the environment in the communities in which they operate. In Ghana, existing laws and regulations do not preclude businesses from such violations. This makes it important to reflect on innovative means including soft laws which could encourage companies operating in the EI in Ghana to respect women’s human rights and the environment over and above compliance with national laws and regulations. This thesis examines the problem of land grabbing by EI companies operating in Ghana, the unique negative impacts women in mining communities face as a …

No Shirt, No Shoes, No Mask, No Entry, And (Hopefully) No Lawsuits Under The Georgia Covid-19 Business Safety Act!, Franklin Schrum

Mercer Law Review

The COVID-19 Pandemic continues to send shockwaves throughout the United States and all other nations by impacting much more than just the way we live and go about our normal day. Today, in most states, it is considered a common norm to see someone wearing a mask, frequently using sanitizer, or even stocking up on an abnormal amount of household items like toilet paper. Globally, over a million lives have been lost, businesses have become bankrupt, and the economy initially fallen substantially due to the Pandemic. Prominent retailers such as Brooks Brothers, J. Crew, and JCPenney have all filed for …

The Growing Monopoly In The Corn Seed Industry: Is It Time For The Government To Interfere?, Bethany K Sumpter

Texas A&M Law Review

How a company conducts business is often a consumer concern. Individuals have accused company after company of monopolistic behavior. These individuals have also criticized the Department of Justice for not stopping a monopoly from forming in a specific industry. An example is the corn seed industry, where stakeholders have accused companies of monopolistic behavior. Recent mergers and acquisitions in the corn seed industry have left fewer companies in control, and because of this consolidation, individuals are urging the government to act. This Comment argues that, while the corn seed industry is on the road to containing a monopoly, the industry …

You're The Problem, Officer: Whether Executive Officers Should Be Subjected To The Same Standards Of Liability As Directors Under Current Corporate Governance Law, Margo Brandenburg

University of Cincinnati Law Review

No abstract provided.

Opportunity Zones Providing Opportunity For Whom?: How The Current Regulations Are Failing And A Solution To Uplift Communities, Ruta R. Trivedi

Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice

In 2017, the newly enacted Tax Cuts and Jobs Act created an incentive for taxpayers to invest in Qualified Opportunity Zones— census tracts that consist of low-income communities. These investments, which are incentivized via lucrative tax deferral benefits, are intended to uplift communities and leave them in a better position than they were pre-investment. However, the initiative lacks regulation requiring investments to actually benefit low-income areas, resulting in money going to places that do not need help, while communities that are in need may face displacement. This is a result of many wealthy investors finding that luxury projects are the …