Spatial Distribution Of Chinese Language Education And Historical Development Of Chinese Language Pedagogy In Higher Education In The United States,
2020
CUNY Graduate Center
Spatial Distribution Of Chinese Language Education And Historical Development Of Chinese Language Pedagogy In Higher Education In The United States, Jing Zhao
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
This capstone project includes two major components: an interactive digital map that displays the geographical distribution of Chinese language programs in colleges and universities in the United States, their program starting years, the types of such universities and colleges, and their names and states; and a multimedia essay on the evolution of Chinese language pedagogy in colleges and universities in the United States. Data has been collected on the program start year, school names, states where schools are located, school types, and whether the school had been funded by two federal sponsored language programs: the National Defense Education Act in …
Factors Supporting Turkey’S Policy To Purchase Russian S-400 Anti-Air Strike Defense Units,
2020
Universitas Andalas, West Sumatra, 25163, Padang, Indonesia
Factors Supporting Turkey’S Policy To Purchase Russian S-400 Anti-Air Strike Defense Units, Chendika Yonanda, Maryam Jamila, Zulkifli Harza, Ilman Syarif Masri
Journal of Strategic and Global Studies
Turkey is a member of the NATO military alliance since 1952, as a member of NATO, cooperation between Turkey and Russia invites counterparts from other NATO alliance countries. But even with criticism, Turkey continues purchasing S-400 from Russia . Therefore, this study aims to analyze the factors that support Turkey's policy on purchasing S-400.This research is a descriptive research through internet-based literature.Turkey's policy in purchasing S-400 analyzed using the concepts of Arms, Alliances and Security Tradeoffs proposed by James D. Morrow. James stated that there are three factors that influence the state to conduct arming; economic & military technological factors, …
"Imagery Beyond Images" In The Creative Process Of Idea-Imagery,
2020
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
"Imagery Beyond Images" In The Creative Process Of Idea-Imagery, Zhirong Zhu
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Imagery beyond images (IbIs) evolves from the infusion of subjective affect into object or event images in aesthetic activities, during the process of which the subject perceives object and event images in the form of imagination-ignited aesthetic experience. IbIs results from the subject's contemplation on physical images and therefore constitutes a creation out of the empty and an expansion of time and space. IbIs depends on transforms physical images. It shows itself as a symbiosis of emptiness and haveness and even goes beyond imagery per se to the extent of pointing to infinity. As IbIs is built on the subject's …
Body-Ethics Or Body-Aesthetics?: An Investigation Into Terry Eagleton's Recent View On Body,
2020
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Body-Ethics Or Body-Aesthetics?: An Investigation Into Terry Eagleton's Recent View On Body, Zhike Yin
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
According to Terry Eagleton, culturalism in postmodern thought emphasizes culture's conquest of nature, which refrains from criticizing culture itself, but veils the finiteness of body with the infiniteness of will. Eagleton argues that the foundation of human reason is the dependent and limited human body, and that reason must reflect on whether culture would result in overestimation of the power of will and desire. Eagleton's view on body-aesthetics is a blend of ideas from Aristotle, British empiricists, Kant and Karl Marx. For Eagleton, both artworks and body have internal value and telos, and thus do not yield to any external …
Culture Industry And Mass Deception: Critical Perspectives On Contemporary Concerns About Soft Power In China,
2020
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Culture Industry And Mass Deception: Critical Perspectives On Contemporary Concerns About Soft Power In China, Gregory Mahoney Josef
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno's concept of the culture industry remains a powerful description of the fate of art, literature and other cultural products in an era where media and information technology have made culture more industrial and reifying than ever before. We revisit this concept, tracing it forward from Walter Benjamin's initial contributions and proceeding onward the work of Herbert Marcuse against the backdrop of Marx's theory of commodity fetishism. We provide a brief description of historical origins with David Hawkes' works on the emergence of commodity fetishism in 16th-century England and carry this forward to Joseph S. Nye's …
Exemplary Principle And Personal Consideration: The Dilemma In Editing An Anthology Of Contemporary Writers,
2020
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Exemplary Principle And Personal Consideration: The Dilemma In Editing An Anthology Of Contemporary Writers, Ren Liu
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The detachment of literati's identity from scholar-officials became a turning point in literary anthology compilation as the compilation which had used to serve as a form of literary criticism began to take on an additional function of shaping social identity for literati groups. The principle of "excluding living people" was since abandoned and the compilation of works by contemporary writers started. As a result, the swaying power of interpersonal relationships excluded by the principle of "excluding living people" inserted itself into the selection process, thus undermining the exemplary principle as the only principle. The mutual restraint between the principle of …
Hong Mai's Experiences As Reflected In His Prefaces To Yijian Zhi,
2020
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Hong Mai's Experiences As Reflected In His Prefaces To Yijian Zhi, Dan Zhan
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Hong Mai's prefaces to Yijian Zhi (Record of the Listener) are of great significance in ways that they not only help readers understand his conscious construction of novel theory but also enable him to develop strong vitality from the process of compilation. The interaction between the perspective of a historian and that of an allegorist reveals his life experiences and rational thinking during the process of compilation. The stories in Yinjian Zhi are legendary in nature, and so is the process of compilation as reflected in his series of prefaces. To a certain extent, this "double legendary nature" is a …
Narrative Reliability And Literary Authenticity,
2020
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Narrative Reliability And Literary Authenticity, Shouyi Jiang
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Narrative reliability focuses on specific textual strategies, while literary authenticity highlights the overall effect of presentation. In terms of rhetoric, the former reflects the rhetorical strategy of the implied author through the narrator, so that the latter can be guaranteed on the narrative level. In terms of cognition, narrative reliability relies on the reader's perspective mechanism, for which literary authenticity serves as the potential basis. Considering the factor of the real author, new situations regarding the narrative reliability of the implicit author's rhetoric and the reader's cognition will arise, which leads to the diversification of literary authenticity. Given that the …
Somaesthetics And The Justification Of Body-Mind Monism: An Account From The Perspective Of Marx's Historical Materialism,
2020
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Somaesthetics And The Justification Of Body-Mind Monism: An Account From The Perspective Of Marx's Historical Materialism, Yingmin Fang
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Although body-mind monism is the philosophical basis of somaesthetics, it is not readily justifiable within the intellectual history of Western philosophy and aesthetics. Western philosophers such as Ludwig Feuerbach and Maurice Merleau-Ponty, rooted in essentialist thinking, veered between affirming and negating body, thus failing to adhere to body-mind monism. The transcendence of the essentialist predicament was realized through Marx's theory of historical materialism, and a way to justify body-mind monism is thus introduced. From the perspective of Marxist historical materialism, the nature of body-mind relation as a theoretical preposition is translated from the essentialist understanding of a theoretical problem to …
"Pure Pleasure", "Absolute Beauty", And "True Self": A Study Of The Metaphysical Dimension Of Aesthetics,
2020
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
"Pure Pleasure", "Absolute Beauty", And "True Self": A Study Of The Metaphysical Dimension Of Aesthetics, Xuguang Liu
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Human aesthetic behavior has a metaphysical state: the subject, in its "true self" state, pursues "absolute beauty" through "pure intuition", and then obtains "pure pleasure". Albeit ideal, this formulation is a principle generally found in various Chinese and foreign aesthetics. It lays foundations for aesthetic behavior at the metaphysical level, guides specific aesthetic practices, and becomes an object of art. As the logic premise of modern aesthetics, this principle has significantly influenced various modern aesthetic theories.
The May Fourth Movement And Tradition: Cultural Undertaking Behind Fierce Rebellion,
2020
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The May Fourth Movement And Tradition: Cultural Undertaking Behind Fierce Rebellion, Xudong Gao, Tongwen Shi
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
This article primarily examines the cultural undertaking of the May Fourth Movement through analyzing the inner drive for its participants' fierce rebellion against Chinese tradition. In contrast to China, some Jewish and Islamic countries, having been confronted with more severe national crises since modern times, have preserved their religions and cultures. Therefore, the reason for the fierce revolt against tradition during the May Fourth Movement was deeply rooted in Chinese culture. Because Confucianism prioritized national revitalization over beliefs, traditional scholar-officials were motivated by an intense sense of mission and angst to rebel against tradition. The "new culture" created by the …
Mythological Narrative Of The Clouds And Its Tragic Characteristic,
2020
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Mythological Narrative Of The Clouds And Its Tragic Characteristic, Chunlian Chen
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
In Aristophanes's The Clouds, Socrates is a Promethean figure. While Prometheus steals fire from heaven in order to rescue human beings from extinction, Socrates attempts to educate Athenian citizensin rational conduct with his method so as to save their morality from the impact of the Sophistic movement. However, just like the fire that Prometheus has brought to mankind, which has both good and bad sides, the Socratic method could also be dangerous. His moral education is doomed to fail because people have desires and cannot live with their reason only. In The Clouds, Aristophanes continues to explore the theme that …
Qian Zhongshu's Old-Style Poetry: A Case Study Of His Collected Poems And On The Art Of Poetry,
2020
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Qian Zhongshu's Old-Style Poetry: A Case Study Of His Collected Poems And On The Art Of Poetry, Zhixi Qian
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Amongst modern Chinese scholars' writings in the traditional style, Qian Zhongshu's Collected Poems has the deepest affinity with the prevailing poetry schools in the late Qing period. In his early years, Qian learned extensively from the Qing poets, and later narrowed down on the Tong-Guang style while taking in the influence from the School of Poetry Revolution as well as the late Tang style. Qian excels in seven-character metrical poetry, and his ingenious prosody can be traced back to the poetry by the Jiangxi School, or even Du Fu's. Qian delved deep into the transformations of poetics from the Tang …
The Cataloguing Method In The Book Of The Later Han Dynasty And The Anthologization Principles During The East Han Period,
2020
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The Cataloguing Method In The Book Of The Later Han Dynasty And The Anthologization Principles During The East Han Period, Yamei Shi
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The cataloguing method in Fan Ye's Book of the Later Han Dynasty started the mode to categorize literary works on the basis of writing styles (genre) with author's names. This mode was not constructed by Fan Ye from his understanding of the concepts of literary styles and related written materials during the Southern dynasties; instead, it was a description of the configurations and concepts of literary styles during the Eastern Han Dynasty based on his mastery of related historical materials. Therefore, this mode was historically characterized. The historical specificities implied in the method encompass, the compiling status of various writing …
Three Faces Of Genre: Exploring Theoretical Approachesto Western Film Genre,
2020
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Three Faces Of Genre: Exploring Theoretical Approachesto Western Film Genre, Lin Gui
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Theoretical studies of Western film genre started in the late 1940s, and have become significant for Western film studies. The theoretical construction has mainly been based on the Hollywood film industry and genre. After more than half a century, a lot of achievements have been made in genre studies. As a multi-dimensional phenomenon, genre includes various systems and conventions that formulate these systems, which further complicated genre studies. This article attempts to classify and summarize the findings of Western film genre theory with three theoretical approaches: cultural genre theory, artistic genre theory, as well as political and economic genre theory. …
Regarding The Naming Of Things: Another Approach To Onomatology,
2020
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Regarding The Naming Of Things: Another Approach To Onomatology, Hong Yan
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Onomatology of things develops into a modern discipline through scholars such as Aoki Masaru and Yang Zhi Shui in the past decades. This new discipline is distinct from traditional onomatology in that it is guided by positivism and distances itself from the exegetical tradition of Confucian classics study, and its scope of study has expanded to cover such areas as everyday cuisine, clothing, and handicraft that had traditionally been considered as "trivial enquiries." Its methodological connection with the tradition lies in its philological and textual approaches with an emphasis on the study of "things." The discrepancy between traditional methodologies and …
Representation And Thought In Images: A Study Of The Relationship Between Words And Images From An Artistic Perspective,
2020
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Representation And Thought In Images: A Study Of The Relationship Between Words And Images From An Artistic Perspective, Yanqiu Zhao
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The inbuilt thought of images comes from the meaning of things represented by images and also from the initiation of artist's subjectivity. The meaning of image emerges from the interaction between image and audience. The prescriptive nature of image's presentation becomes the source to generate image's meaning, while the interpretation of the audience actualizes the implicit meaning. In images, visuality is always dominant from which meaning is generated and the audience captures the meaning and keeps the visuality. The initiation of subjectivity into image is artists' conscious action, as is reflected in their observation, conceptualization, and performance. Artists can foreground …
The Art That Can Not Be Reduced: Sociologists Of Art On The Specificity Of Art,
2020
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The Art That Can Not Be Reduced: Sociologists Of Art On The Specificity Of Art, Wenchao Lu
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
In the history of sociology of art, the sociologists such as Marxist, Bourdieu and Becker used the sociological method to study arts, and developed our understanding of arts. But they did not pay attention to the specificity of art, what they did was just as the colonialism of sociology in the field of art, and reduced art into general social factors. This caused the criticisms of some sociologists of art. Wolff claimed that we cannot reduce art into economic base or ideology, and we should pay attention to its aesthetic and formal factors; Heinich argued that art was a value …
The Modernity And Dilemma Of Art Revolution,
2020
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The Modernity And Dilemma Of Art Revolution, Xiaofeng Zeng
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Considering "art" as a dynamic discourse, this paper contextualizes the concept in the period of the late Qing dynasty through the May Fourth period in connection with its competitive and interactive notions. The emphasis will be laid upon issues such as the establishment of literary beauty, literature independent of arts, the relationship between picture and art, and the value crisis of Chinese painting. Rooted in the social current swinging between reform and revolution during the late Qing dynasty and the May Fourth period, the formation and disciplinization of "art" in the modern sense embodied a modern appeal of anti-traditionalism, which …
The Origins Of Yao Xie's Poetics And The Construction Of The "Siming School" Of Poetry In East Zhejiang,
2020
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
The Origins Of Yao Xie's Poetics And The Construction Of The "Siming School" Of Poetry In East Zhejiang, Chen Li, Yazhong Ma
Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art
Yao Xie's early poetry activities in the Zhenhu Poetry Club of Ningbo reflected that Yao Xie, Li Zhi and Ye Yuanjie were all influenced by Wu Dexuan and had similar views in terms of poetics. Thus, a possible path to explore the origins of Yao Xie's poetics is to consult Li Zhi's Poetry Remarks by Baihua Hermit, then to trace to the theories of Wu Dexuan, Song Dazun and Yao Nai, and finally to refer to the works on poetics by other members of the Zhunhu Poetry Club, particularly Chen Jin's Answering Questions in the Bamboos. This reveals the generative …
