Medical Specialties Commons^™

Measurement Of Cumulative High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein And Monocyte To High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio In The Risk Prediction Of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study, Dan Wu, Genyuan Chen, Yulong Lan, Shuohua Chen, Xiong Ding, Chiju Wei, Lois Balmer, Wei Wang, Shouling Wu, Wencan Xu

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Converging data have suggested that monocytic inflammation and C-reactive protein (CRP) are biologically intertwined processes and are involved in diabetogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the association between systemic inflammation assessed by joint cumulative high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CumCRP) and monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (CumMHR) and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) and their predictive value for T2D in a general population. Methods: A total of 40,813 nondiabetic participants from a prospective real-life cohort (Kailuan Study, China) were followed biennially from 2010/2011 until December 31, 2020. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of …

Development, Validation, And Diagnostic Performance Of A Novel Radiomic Model For Predicting Prostate Cancer Recurrence, Linda M. Huynh

Theses & Dissertations

Multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MP-MRI)-derived radiomics have been shown to capture sub-visual patterns for the quantitative characterization of prostate cancer (PC) phenotypes. The present dissertation seeks to develop, evaluate, and compare the performance of an MRI-derived radiomic model for the prediction of PC recurrence following definitive treatment with radical prostatectomy (RP).

MP-MRI was obtained from 339 patients who had a minimum of 2 years follow-up following RP at three institutions. The prostate was manually delineated as the region of interest and 924 radiomic features were extracted. All features were evaluated for stability via intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and image normalization …

Patient-Centered Preimplant Education Session And Bi-Weekly Text Message Adherence Reminders In Patients With A Newly Implanted Cardiomems® Device: A Quality Improvement Study, Elizabeth M. Miller, Alicia Abboud, Audrey Cooper

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects: College of Nursing

Rationale

Heart failure is a deadly disease, affecting over 6.2 million individuals and costing the United States an estimated 30.7 billion dollars (Virani et al., 2020). By 2023, heart failure costs in the United States are estimated to grow to 70 billion dollars with 75-80% of these costs attributed to inpatient hospitalizations (Heidereich et al., 2022). The CardioMEMs® is a small device placed in the patient’s pulmonary artery via a minimally invasive procedure by an interventional cardiologist. The use of remote patient data from the CardioMEMs® device has been shown to reduce hospital re-admissions, facilitate tailored medication management, detect increased …

Mortality In Medicine, Maren Dougherty

Honors Projects

Practitioners in the medical field attend to health issues across one’s lifespan from birth to death and everything in between. A common conflict in today’s practice of medicine is establishing the true function of medicine. The complete reliance on medicine to ward off death proliferates the biomedicalization of natural life processes, like death. Biomedicalization is the process in which medical authority and its accompanying technology begin to control other aspects of daily life. With medicine’s ultimate goal being to cure disease and fight death, it interferes with the inevitability of human mortality. End-of-life treatment can be taken too far without …

Sdrnas Participate In The Maintenance And Onset Of Prostate Cancer, Neil Chaudhary

Poster Presentations

What is an sdRNA? Noncoding RNA (ncRNA) is a class of RNA that includes microRNA (miRNA) and small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA). Fragments excised from ncRNAs are known as noncodingderived RNA (ndRNA). A certain class of ndRNAs that are derived from snoRNAs have been denoted as Small Nucleolar Derived RNAs (sdRNAs). Our lab has previously hypothesized and demonstrated that sdRNAs display regulatory functions on target genes, similar to the functions of miRNAs. sdRNAs are almost identical to microRNAs and differ mainly in their source of origin.

Our lab has shown that sdRNA-93 is frequently misexpressed in breast cancer cell lines and …

Breaking Up Prolonged Sitting To Improve Cardiometabolic Risk: A Comparative Analysis Of Muscle Strengthening Exercise And Treadmill Walking, Grace E. Anderson

Honors College Theses

Purpose: To examine the effectiveness of brief bouts of treadmill walking and bodyweight-based muscular strengthening exercises to mitigate the effects of sedentary behavior on blood pressure, blood glucose, cognitive performance, and perceived fatigue. Methods: Healthy young adults (n = 9) completed 3 experimental trials consisting of 4-hour sedentary periods. The trials consisted of an uninterrupted sedentary period (control), treadmill walking every 30 minutes for 5 minutes, and bodyweight-based muscular strengthening exercises every 30 minutes for 5 minutes. Blood glucose was measured at baseline and every 30 minutes thereafter. Blood pressure and fatigue were measured at baseline and every hour thereafter. …

Illness Perceptions And Health-Promoting Behaviors: The Buffering Role Of Resilience In Adults With Congenital Heart Disease, Taylor Rose Eldridge

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Congenital heart defects (CHD) are one of the most prevalent genetic abnormalities, impacting the lives of millions of children, teens, and young adults. Conservative diagnoses estimate that 2.4 million children and adults are living with CHD in the United States (Gilboa et al., 2016). CHD requires consistent cardiac support with multiple surgeries and hospitalizations expected throughout the lifetime, which significantly impacts psychological health. Specifically, patients present with a host of extra-cardiac conditions that impact their quality of life. With advancements in medical technology, mortality rates continue to improve for this population; however, individuals face a number of consequences that impact …

Ehealth Cancer-Related Fatigue Intervention Single Arm Study, Anne Fleischer, Samantha Gelhaus, Emily Flohre, Caroline Frazee, Mary I. Fisher, Carrie Pickering

University of Dayton Doctor of Physical Therapy Annual Research Symposium

Purpose/Hypothesis: Cancer related fatigue (CRF), a sense of physical, emotional and cognitive tiredness not relieved by rest, negatively affects function. Prevalence is reported to be 59-100% throughout the care continuum. Exercise and psychosocial interventions are supported as effective treatment options, yet barriers to personalized care include time and distance to travel for care. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the effectiveness of personalized exercise prescribed by physical therapy (PT), and occupational goal setting and tasks prescribed by occupational therapy (OT) on physical function.

Number of Subjects: 16 adults with cancer and fatigue ≥4/10.

Materials and Methods: Over …

Bal-A-Vis-X Intervention To Improve Upper Limb Coordination In Children With Disability: A Pilot Study, Marta Boot, Zoe Clark, Kyla Hill, Mckenzie Stefanoff, Betsy Donahoe Fillmore, Trisha Renner, Bo Slutz, Mary I. Fisher

University of Dayton Doctor of Physical Therapy Annual Research Symposium

Purpose/Hypothesis: Balance/Auditory/Vision exercises (Bal-A-Vis-X) consists of a series of exercises using sand-filled bags and racquet balls. Most of the exercises are completed while standing on a rocker board and heavily rooted in rhythm. The rhythmic patterns are utilized to facilitate focused concentration, crossing midline, motor planning, right/left awareness, eye-hand coordination, balance, bilateral coordination, body and spatial awareness. Only a few published studies have explored Bal-A-Vis-X as an intervention in therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of Bal-A-Vis-X to improve upper limb coordination in children with motor delays.

Number of Subjects: Fifteen children with motor delays …

Evaluation Of An End-To-End Radiotherapy Treatment Planning Pipeline For Prostate Cancer, Mohammad Daniel El Basha, Court Laurence, Carlos Eduardo Cardenas, Julianne Pollard-Larkin, Steven Frank, David T. Fuentes, Falk Poenisch, Zhiqian H. Yu

Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)

Radiation treatment planning is a crucial and time-intensive process in radiation therapy. This planning involves carefully designing a treatment regimen tailored to a patient’s specific condition, including the type, location, and size of the tumor with reference to surrounding healthy tissues. For prostate cancer, this tumor may be either local, locally advanced with extracapsular involvement, or extend into the pelvic lymph node chain. Automating essential parts of this process would allow for the rapid development of effective treatment plans and better plan optimization to enhance tumor control for better outcomes.

The first objective of this work, to automate the treatment …

Increasing Utilization Of Community Resources To Address Social Determinants Of Health Barriers In Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Kimberly Williams

The Eleanor Mann School of Nursing Student Works

PURPOSE: To determine if identifying SDOH barriers to care in adults with DMT2 and providing information about community-based resources designed to decrease the impact of these barriers will improve adherence, decrease SDOH barriers, and reduce HbA1c levels.

DESIGN/METHODS: Quasi-experimental design. Participants completed PRAPARE screenings and received handouts detailing contact information for local resources. HbA1c levels were collected prior to or at the initial appointment. Contact was attempted at 4-6 weeks to ensure resources were utilized. 3-month follow up appointments were completed during which PRAPARE screenings were repeated, HbA1c levels were collected, and post-intervention surveys were completed.

CONClUSIONS: Participants who did …

Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis Of Atomoxetine And Its Metabolites In Children And Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder., Shen Cheng, Mahmoud Al-Kofahi, J Steven Leeder, Jacob T. Brown

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Atomoxetine (ATX) is a non-stimulant used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and systemic exposure is highly variable due to polymorphic cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) activity. The objective of this study was to characterize the time course of ATX and metabolites (4-hydroxyatomoxetine (4-OH); N-desmethylatomoxetine (NDA); and 2-carboxymethylatomoxetine (2-COOH)) exposure following oral ATX dosing in children with ADHD to support individualized dosing. A nonlinear mixed-effect modeling approach was used to analyze ATX, 4-OH, and NDA plasma and urine, and 2-COOH urine profiles obtained over 24-72 hours from children with ADHD (n = 23) following a single oral ATX dose. Demographics and CYP2D6 …

Approach For Defining Human Adenovirus Infection And Disease For Central Review Adjudication In Clinical Studies., Brian T. Fisher, Jesse Blumenstock, Craig L K Boge, Sydney Shuster, Alix E. Seif, Michael Green, Marian G. Michaels, Jessie L. Alexander, Monica I. Ardura, Tamara P. Miller, Diego R. Hijano, William J. Muller, Jennifer E. Schuster, Abby M. Green, Daniel E. Dulek, Adriana E. Kajon, Lara Danziger-Isakov

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT) recipients are at risk for morbidity and mortality from human adenovirus (HAdV). HAdV can be detected in an asymptomatic state, referred to as infection or with signs or symptoms of illness, referred to as disease. Standardized case definitions are needed to distinguish infection from disease and allow for consistent reporting in both observational cohort studies and therapeutic clinical trials.

METHODS: A working group of experts in virology, transplant infectious disease, and HCT was assembled to develop HAdV infection and disease definitions with the degree of certainty (i.e., possible, probable, and proven). Definitions were …

Proof-Of-Concept For Converging Beam Small Animal Irradiator, Benjamin Insley

Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)

The Monte Carlo particle simulator TOPAS, the multiphysics solver COMSOL., and

several analytical radiation transport methods were employed to perform an in-depth proof-ofconcept

for a high dose rate, high precision converging beam small animal irradiation platform.

In the first aim of this work, a novel carbon nanotube-based compact X-ray tube optimized for

high output and high directionality was designed and characterized. In the second aim, an

optimization algorithm was developed to customize a collimator geometry for this unique Xray

source to simultaneously maximize the irradiator’s intensity and precision. Then, a full

converging beam irradiator apparatus was fit with a multitude …

Understanding The Perspectives And Attitudes Of 12-Step Participants Towards Medication-Assisted Treatment, Christopher Scott

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Background: The effects of living with a substance use disorder (SUD) are vast. Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) has grown increasingly popular as a recovery tool among substance users but does not align with the popular 12-step model, which demands complete abstinence from narcotics and mind-altering substances. Objective: The primary aim of this phenomenology study was to explore the perspectives and attitudes towards MAT among 12-step participants. The secondary aim was to compare the responses of treatment and non-treatment professionals. Methods: This study used non-probability sampling methods to recruit participants who reported regular participation in a 12-step program. Semi-structured …

Routine Evaluation With Gastric Ultrasound To Reduce Gastric Aspiration (Regurga), Joel Jackson

Doctor of Nursing Practice Scholarly Projects

When a patient undergoes anesthesia, there are inherent risks that the providers should protect the patient from. Despite adherence to fasting guidelines established by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), patients undergoing anesthesia continue to experience intrapulmonary aspiration of gastric contents. There are several factors that delay gastric emptying, including coexisting disease, trauma, pain, and opioid use. Gastric ultrasound assessment of the gastric antrum is a relatively new technology in anesthesia and can be used to assess the gastric antrum and provide information to anesthesia providers regarding the risk of aspiration in the perioperative period. The primary aim of this …

Impact Of Fall Education To Oncology Staff On Oncology Patient Fall Rates, Danni Sloane

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Significance & Background

Falls and fall-related injuries impact patients' health outcomes and are the most commonly reported adverse event in hospitals. Patient falls also affect reimbursement rates and can increase length of stay by about 6.3 days and increase undue patient harm. An increase of patients falls on the medical and surgical oncology acute care units have caused undue physical harm, increased moral distress, mental fatigue, and burnout in nurses; as well as placing financial burdens on the healthcare system. Implementing fall education and interventions aligns with national patient safety goals, is a top-priority project, is in alignment with the …

Procedural Oxygen Mask Use For Inpatient Bariatric Endoscopy: A Scoping Review, Makinlee Meadows, Marion Millette, Brittany Morgan, Lauren Pegrim, William Collier Phillips, Dwayne Accardo Dnp, Crna, Faana, Tracy Mcclinton Dnp, Ag-Acnp-Bc, Aprn

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Purpose/Background

Hypoxia is a severe adverse event that is often associated with sedated endoscopy procedures, and bariatric patients have a significantly higher risk for complications related to oxygenation during sedation due to pathophysiological changes to the respiratory system. This scoping review compares the rate of hypoxemic events with the use of a binasal cannula versus a procedural oxygen mask during inpatient endoscopic procedures in patients aged 19-64 with a BMI greater than 40.

Methods

The scoping review includes control trials with and without randomization, case-control/cohort studies, systematic reviews, and qualitative/descriptive studies. With limited research regarding the PICOT, extending the age …

Comparing The Effects Of The Induction Of Anesthesia With Etomidate To The Induction Of Anesthesia With Midazolam On The Incidence Of In-Hospital Mortality: A Scoping Review, Madison Hayes Bsn, Rn, Ashley Lynch Bsn, Rn, Scott Jamison Bsn, Rn, Mary Joiner Bsn, Rn, Gray Seymour Bsn, Rn, Dwayne Accardo Dnp, Aprn, Crna, Tracy Mcclinton, Dnp, Aprn, Agacnp-Bc, Epb-C

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Purpose/Background

The induction of anesthesia using hypnotic sedatives, such as etomidate and midazolam, is common practice. Etomidate and midazolam are commonly employed in the induction of anesthesia in the septic patient population, each with its unique advantages and drawbacks. This scoping review aims to synthesize evidence on the effects of anesthetic induction with etomidate versus midazolam in adult septic patients, focusing on the incidence of mortality and associated adverse effects during hospitalization. The purpose is to establish a standard of care for anesthetic induction in this population.

Methods

A literature review was conducted from September 2022 to March 2023 utilizing …

Simulation And Self-Efficacy In The Student Registered Nurse Anesthetist: A Quantitative, Causal-Comparative Study, Joseph Craig Kiesznowski

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this quantitative, causal-comparative study was to determine if simulation training causes a significant increase in clinical self-efficacy in Student Registered Nurse Anesthetists. Simulation training in healthcare has been found to improve patient safety and has become a major tenet of nurse anesthetist education. Self-efficacy has been shown to correlate with improved clinical performance. This study builds on the research involving simulation training and clinical self-efficacy in the SRNA population. A convenience sample of SRNAs was taken from 49 different graduate nurse anesthesia programs across 13 different states. The Schwarzer and Jerusalem General Self-efficacy scale was used to …