Reliability Of Popliteal Artery Flow-Mediated Dilation In The Seated Position, 2024 Old Dominion University
Reliability Of Popliteal Artery Flow-Mediated Dilation In The Seated Position, Taskina Akhter
Rehabilitation Sciences Theses & Dissertations
Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is a noninvasive measurement of endothelial function, which is a useful prognostic tool for cardiovascular disease risk. Despite its widespread use since 1992, the reproducibility of FMD varies widely between studies. This variability in reproducibility is especially significant in the case of the popliteal artery due to different methodological approaches. Studies perform popliteal FMD in various body positions, with the prone and seated positions most common. However, no studies have examined the reproducibility of both the seated and prone positions of the popliteal artery FMD. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the test-retest and …
Case Of Rosai Dorfman Disease In A Patient With Newly Diagnosed Hodgkin Lymphoma, 2024 The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
Case Of Rosai Dorfman Disease In A Patient With Newly Diagnosed Hodgkin Lymphoma, Liza Salloum, Jennifer Rojas Huen, Ricardo Serna, Alisha Valdez
Research Symposium
Background: Rosai Dorfman Disease (RDD, also known as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy) is a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis, classified into nodal (classic) and extranodal disease. Most patients present with non-tender cervical lymphadenopathy, although other sites including the inguinal and axillary regions have been reported. Extranodal disease (~43% of cases) can involve any organ system. RDD is more common in children, but cases have been reported in patients in their 70s. The prognosis of nodal RDD can correlate with the number of nodal groups involved. Many cases can be managed only with observation, although surgery, chemotherapy, corticosteroids, and immunomodulators have …
Hif Expression In Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (Ccrcc) Tumors Of Adults With And Without Obstructive Sleep Apnea (Osa), 2024 Wayne State University
Hif Expression In Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (Ccrcc) Tumors Of Adults With And Without Obstructive Sleep Apnea (Osa), Olivia Heppell, Carlos Guerra Londono, Nilesh Gupta
Medical Student Research Symposium
Introduction: Upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) is an important pathological feature shared by clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, it is unclear whether OSA alters the pathogenesis of ccRCC via HIF expression.
Methods: A retrospective cohort of adults undergoing nephrectomy for ccRCC was identified electronically (IRB#16040-1). The diagnosis of OSA was established with preoperative STOP-BANG scores or polysomnography. A consecutive sample of 20 individuals with and 20 without OSA was selected. Clinical characteristics and pathology results were reviewed. Resected tumor sections were immunohistochemically stained for HIF-1& HIF-2 at antibody dilutions of 1:150. Intensity and …
Primary Mucinous Carcinoma Of The Thyroid: A Case Report, Literature Review, And Immunohistochemistry Summary, 2024 Grand Strand Medical Center
Primary Mucinous Carcinoma Of The Thyroid: A Case Report, Literature Review, And Immunohistochemistry Summary, Martin T. Halicek, Caleb Scott, Terence Zimmermann, Brian Watson
HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine
Introduction
Primary mucinous carcinoma of the thyroid is an exceedingly rare malignancy that is histologically similar to mucinous carcinoma of other sites. Accurate diagnosis is a challenging yet crucial component of clinical management for both patients and our understanding of this rare disease.
Case Presentation
We report the case of a 69-year-old male patient with primary mucinous carcinoma of the thyroid. Microscopic examination of a biopsy specimen showed fibrous tissue, which was extensively and irregularly infiltrated by a cytologically malignant epithelial neoplasm showing glandular differentiation with mucin production. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that tumor cells were positive for TTF1, thyroglobulin, CK7, and …
An Unusual Case Of Microcystic Serous Cystadenoma In A 19-Year-Old Male Patient, 2024 HCA Florida Blake Hospital
An Unusual Case Of Microcystic Serous Cystadenoma In A 19-Year-Old Male Patient, Jamie Lee Aldakkour, Alvin Boyd Newman-Caro, Ashley Henning
HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine
Introduction
Microcystic serous cystadenomas are uncommon, benign neoplasms rarely known to progress to malignancy. They are typically asymptomatic and inadvertently discovered during imaging for another unrelated condition. When discovered, they are commonly found in females over 60 years of age.
Case Presentation
In this case report, we examine a unique presentation of a serous cystadenoma discovered when a 19-year-old male presented with symptoms of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.
Conclusion
Previous studies on serous cystadenomas in a younger male demographic are rare. Therefore, this study will provide additional insight into the signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and management of cystadenomas in young …
Challenges In Diagnosing Hepatic Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma: A Case Series, 2024 Noorda College of Osteopathic Medicine
Challenges In Diagnosing Hepatic Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma: A Case Series, Aratara Nutcharoen, Elliott Beard, Anupa Thirmiya, Omar Taher, Jacob Adams, Mark Mortensen, John Pelham, Aratara Nutcharoen
Annual Research Symposium
Challenges in Diagnosing Hepatic Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma
Child Deaths Caused By Klebsiella Pneumoniae In Sub-Saharan Africa And South Asia: A Secondary Analysis Of Child Health And Mortality Prevention Surveillance (Champs) Data., 2024 Center for Global Health, USA
Child Deaths Caused By Klebsiella Pneumoniae In Sub-Saharan Africa And South Asia: A Secondary Analysis Of Child Health And Mortality Prevention Surveillance (Champs) Data., Jennifer Verani, Dianna Blau, Emily Gurley, Victor Akelo, Nega Assefa, Vicky Baillie, Quique Bassat, Mussie Berhane, James Bunn, R Gunturu
Pathology, East Africa
Background; Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important cause of nosocomial and community-acquired pneumonia and sepsis in children, and antibiotic-resistant K pneumoniae is a growing public health threat. We aimed to characterize child mortality associated with this pathogen in seven high-mortality settings.
Methods; We analysed Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) data on the causes of deaths in children younger than 5 years and stillbirths in sites located in seven countries across sub-Saharan Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, and South Africa) and south Asia (Bangladesh) from Dec 9, 2016, to Dec 31, 2021. CHAMPS sites conduct active surveillance for …
Metabolism Shapes Immune Responses To Staphylococcus Aureus., 2024 University of Nebraska Medical Center
Metabolism Shapes Immune Responses To Staphylococcus Aureus., Prabhakar Arumugam, Tammy Kielian
Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology
BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common cause of hospital- and community-acquired infections that can result in various clinical manifestations ranging from mild to severe disease. The bacterium utilizes different combinations of virulence factors and biofilm formation to establish a successful infection, and the emergence of methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant strains introduces additional challenges for infection management and treatment.
SUMMARY: Metabolic programming of immune cells regulates the balance of energy requirements for activation and dictates pro- versus anti-inflammatory function. Recent investigations into metabolic adaptations of leukocytes and S. aureus during infection indicate that metabolic crosstalk plays a crucial role in …
Metabolic Diversity Of Human Macrophages: Potential Influence On Staphylococcus Aureus Intracellular Survival, 2024 University of Nebraska Medical Center
Metabolic Diversity Of Human Macrophages: Potential Influence On Staphylococcus Aureus Intracellular Survival, Blake P. Bertrand, Dhananjay Shinde, Vinai C. Thomas, Marvin Whiteley, Carolyn B. Ibberson, Tammy Kielian
Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology
Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of medical device-associated biofilm infections. This is influenced by the ability of S. aureus biofilm to evade the host immune response, which is partially driven by the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). Here, we show that treatment of human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs) with IL-10 enhanced biofilm formation, suggesting that macrophage anti-inflammatory programming likely plays an important role during the transition from planktonic to biofilm growth. To identify S. aureus genes that were important for intracellular survival in HMDMs and how this was affected by IL-10, transposon sequencing was performed. The size of the S. aureus …
Image-Based Multiplex Immune Profiling Of Cancer Tissues: Translational Implications. A Report Of The International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group On Breast Cancer., 2024 Aga Khan University
Image-Based Multiplex Immune Profiling Of Cancer Tissues: Translational Implications. A Report Of The International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group On Breast Cancer., Shahin Sayed, Chowdhury Arif Jahangir, David Page, Glenn Broeckx, Claudia Gonzalez, Caoimbhe Burke, Clodagh Murphy, Jorge Reis-Filho, Amy Ly, Paul Harms
Pathology, East Africa
Recent advances in thefield of immuno-oncology have brought transformative changes in the management ofcancer patients. The immune profile of tumours has been found to have key value in predicting disease prognosis andtreatment response in various cancers. Multiplex immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence have emerged aspotent tools for the simultaneous detection of multiple protein biomarkers in a single tissue section, therebyexpanding opportunities for molecular and immune profiling while preserving tissue samples. By establishing thephenotype of individual tumour cells when distributed within a mixed cell population, the identification of clinicallyrelevant biomarkers with high-throughput multiplex immunophenotyping of tumour samples has great potential toguide appropriate treatment …
Fungal Empyema Thoracis, A Rare But An Emerging Entity: A Retrospective Case Series From Pakistan, 2023 Aga Khan University
Fungal Empyema Thoracis, A Rare But An Emerging Entity: A Retrospective Case Series From Pakistan, Nousheen Iqbal, Akbar Shoukat Ali, Aqusa Zahid, Kauser Jabeen, Muhammad Irfan
Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care
Background and objective: Fungal empyema is a rare entity which is associated with high mortality. It is mostly seen in immune-compromised hosts. However, there is limited data available on fungal empyema from developing countries regarding risk factors, treatment, and outcome. This study was conducted to determine the risk factors, clinical features, treatment, and outcome of fungal empyema.
Methods: A retrospective observational study was performed on proven fungal empyema cases, admitted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan during January 2018 to May 2021. We excluded all those patients with polymicrobial bacterial and fungal empyema or with negative pleural fluid cultures. …
Needle Biopsy Accelerates Pro-Metastatic Changes And Systemic Dissemination In Breast Cancer: Implications For Mortality By Surgery Delay, 2023 Thomas Jefferson University
Needle Biopsy Accelerates Pro-Metastatic Changes And Systemic Dissemination In Breast Cancer: Implications For Mortality By Surgery Delay, Hiroyasu Kameyama, Priya Dondapati, Reese Simmons, Macall Leslie, John Langenheim, Yunguang Sun, Misung Yi, Aubrey Rottschaefer, Rashmi Pathak, Shreya Nuguri, Kar-Ming Fung, Shirng-Wern Tsaih, Inna Chervoneva, Hallgeir Rui, Takemi Tanaka
Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology Faculty Papers
ncreased breast cancer (BC) mortality risk posed by delayed surgical resection of tumor after diagnosis is a growing concern, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Our cohort analyses of early-stage BC patients reveal the emergence of a significantly rising mortality risk when the biopsy-to-surgery interval was extended beyond 53 days. Additionally, histology of post-biopsy tumors shows prolonged retention of a metastasis-permissive wound stroma dominated by M2-like macrophages capable of promoting cancer cell epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis. We show that needle biopsy promotes systemic dissemination of cancer cells through a mechanism of sustained activation of the COX-2/PGE2/EP2 feedforward loop, …
Phi-1, An Endogenous Inhibitor Protein For Protein Phosphatase-1 And A Pan-Cancer Marker, Regulates Raf-1 Proteostasis, 2023 Thomas Jefferson University
Phi-1, An Endogenous Inhibitor Protein For Protein Phosphatase-1 And A Pan-Cancer Marker, Regulates Raf-1 Proteostasis, Jason Kirkbride, Garbo Nilsson, Jee In Kim, Kosuke Takeya, Yoshinori Tanaka, Hiroshi Tokumitsu, Futoshi Suizu, Masumi Eto
Kimmel Cancer Center Faculty Papers
Raf-1, a multifunctional kinase, regulates various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration, by phosphorylating MAPK/ERK kinase and interacting with specific kinases. Cellular Raf-1 activity is intricately regulated through pathways involving the binding of regulatory proteins, direct phosphorylation, and the ubiquitin-proteasome axis. In this study, we demonstrate that PHI-1, an endogenous inhibitor of protein phosphatase-1 (PP1), plays a pivotal role in modulating Raf-1 proteostasis within cells. Knocking down endogenous PHI-1 in HEK293 cells using siRNA resulted in increased cell proliferation and reduced apoptosis. This heightened cell proliferation was accompanied by a 15-fold increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Importantly, the observed …
Prevalence And Missed Cases Of Respiratory Distress Syndrome Disease Amongst Neonatal Deaths Enrolled In The Kenya Child Health And Mortality Prevention Surveillance Network (Champs) Program Between 2017 And 2021, 2023 Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenya
Prevalence And Missed Cases Of Respiratory Distress Syndrome Disease Amongst Neonatal Deaths Enrolled In The Kenya Child Health And Mortality Prevention Surveillance Network (Champs) Program Between 2017 And 2021, Harun O. Owuor, Victor Akelo, Florence Murila, Dickens Onyango, Magdalene Kuria, Emily Rogena, Gunturu Revathi, Paul Mitei, Solomon Sava, Joyce Were
Pathology, East Africa
Objectives: To describe RDS in neonatal deaths at the CHAMPS-Kenya site between 2017 and 2021.
Methods: We included 165 neonatal deaths whose their Causes of death (COD) were determined by a panel of experts using data from post-mortem conducted through minimally invasive tissue specimen testing, clinical records, and verbal autopsy.
Results: Twenty-six percent (43/165) of neonatal deaths were attributable to RDS. Most cases occurred in low birthweight and preterm neonates. From these cases, less than half of the hospitalizations were diagnosed with RDS before death, and essential diagnostic tests were not performed in most cases. Most cases received suboptimal levels …
Microbiota Dynamics, Metabolic And Immune Interactions In The Cervicovaginal Environment And Their Role In Spontaneous Preterm Birth, 2023 Aga Khan University
Microbiota Dynamics, Metabolic And Immune Interactions In The Cervicovaginal Environment And Their Role In Spontaneous Preterm Birth, Stanely Onyango, Jia Dai Mi, Anjela Koech, Patricia Okiro, Marleen Temmerman, Peter Von Dadelszen, Rachel Marie Tribe, Geoffrey Omuse
Pathology, East Africa
Differences in the cervicovaginal microbiota are associated with spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), a significant cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Although establishing a direct causal link between cervicovaginal microbiota and sPTB remains challenging, recent advancements in sequencing technologies have facilitated the identification of microbial markers potentially linked to sPTB. Despite variations in findings, a recurring observation suggests that sPTB is associated with a more diverse and less stable vaginal microbiota across pregnancy trimesters. It is hypothesized that sPTB risk is likely to be modified via an intricate host-microbe interactions rather than due to the presence of a single microbial taxon …
Sars-Cov-2 Seroprevalence In Pregnant Women In Kilifi, Kenya From March 2020 To March 2022, 2023 Aga Khan University
Sars-Cov-2 Seroprevalence In Pregnant Women In Kilifi, Kenya From March 2020 To March 2022, Angela Koech, Geoffrey Omuse, Alex Mugo, Isaac Mwaniki, Joseph Mutunga, Moses Mukhanya, Onesmus Wanje, Grace Mwashigadi, Geoffrey Katana, Marleen Temmerman
Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health
Background: Seroprevalence studies are an alternative approach to estimating the extent of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and the evolution of the pandemic in different geographical settings. We aimed to determine the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence from March 2020 to March 2022 in a rural and urban setting in Kilifi County, Kenya.
Methods: We obtained representative random samples of stored serum from a pregnancy cohort study for the period March 2020 to March 2022 and tested for antibodies against the spike protein using a qualitative SARS-CoV-2 ELISA kit (Wantai, total antibodies). All positive samples were retested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid antibodies (Euroimmun, ELISA kits, NCP, …
Exploration Of The Implementation Of An Integrated Electronic Laboratory Information Management System On Quality Diagnostics Service Indicators At A County Level Public Hospital In Western Kenya., 2023 SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad
Exploration Of The Implementation Of An Integrated Electronic Laboratory Information Management System On Quality Diagnostics Service Indicators At A County Level Public Hospital In Western Kenya., Kelly Allen
Capstone Collection
Underinvestment in pathology and laboratory capacity caused by low visibility in research and in prioritization by public health leaders results in limited effective healthcare coverage and an estimated 1.1 million premature deaths annually in Low-and-Middle-Income Countries. Kenya’s public health laboratories provide a median 41% of the Essential Diagnostic List to their patients and in Kisumu County, as much as 44.2% of the population has little to no access to essential diagnostics. The government of Kisumu implemented the county Health Laboratory Strategic Plan 2018-2022 to address this public health challenge. Little information exists on the effectiveness of these initiatives and the …
Substitution Spectra Of Sars-Cov-2 Genome From Pakistan Reveals Insights Into The Evolution Of Variants Across The Pandemic, 2023 Aga Khan University
Substitution Spectra Of Sars-Cov-2 Genome From Pakistan Reveals Insights Into The Evolution Of Variants Across The Pandemic, Javaria Ashraf, Sayed Ali Raza Bukhari, Akber Kanji, Tulaib Iqbal, Maliha Yameen, Waqasuddin Khan, Zahra Hasan
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Changing morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19 across the pandemic has been linked with factors such as the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and vaccination. Mutations in the Spike glycoprotein enhanced viral transmission and virulence. We investigated whether SARS-CoV-2 mutation rates and entropy were associated COVID-19 in Pakistan, before and after the introduction of vaccinations. We analyzed 1,705 SARS-CoV-2 genomes using the Augur phylogenetic pipeline. Substitution rates and entropy across the genome, and in the Spike glycoprotein were compared between 2020, 2021 and 2022 (as periods A, B and C). Mortality was greatest in B whilst cases were highest during C. …
Educational Case: An Invasive Salivary Gland Tumor: Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Of The Parotid Gland, 2023 Thomas Jefferson University
Educational Case: An Invasive Salivary Gland Tumor: Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Of The Parotid Gland, Jaime Eberle-Singh, Madalina Tuluc, Joanna Sue Yee Chan
Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers
No abstract provided.
Nonlinear Model Predictive Control Of Vagal Nerve Stimulation To Regulate Hemodynamic Variables, 2023 Thomas Jefferson University
Nonlinear Model Predictive Control Of Vagal Nerve Stimulation To Regulate Hemodynamic Variables, Oluwasanmi Adeodu, Michelle Gee, Babak Mahmoudi, Rajanikanth Vadigepalli, Mayuresh Kothare
Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers
Various pre-clinical investigations indicate that the electrical stimulation of the cervical branch of the vagus that innervates the heart has therapeutic value in the management of various cardiac diseases. In theory, the design of a closed-loop control mechanism that automatically adjusts vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) parameters based on real-time physiological feedback can eliminate intra-patient variability in VNS outcomes and therefore represents a major step towards patient-specific therapy. This study develops a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) approach for VNS of a pulsatile, human cardio-baroreflex system. The manipulated variables are the frequency and amplitude of a charge-balanced biphasic current. The effects …