Artificial Intelligence And Trade,
2021
Georgetown University Law Center
Artificial Intelligence And Trade, Anupam Chander
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
Artificial Intelligence is already powering trade today. It is crossing borders, learning, making decisions, and operating cyber-physical systems. It underlies many of the services that are offered today – from customer service chatbots to customer relations software to business processes. The chapter considers AI regulation from the perspective of international trade law. It argues that foreign AI should be regulated by governments – indeed that AI must be ‘locally responsible’. The chapter refutes arguments that trade law should not apply to AI and shows how the WTO agreements might apply to AI using two hypothetical cases . The analysis reveals …
Suggested Improvements To Mandatory Mediation Scheduling During International Trade Commission (Itc) Section 337 Investigations,
2021
Mitchell Hamline School of Law
Suggested Improvements To Mandatory Mediation Scheduling During International Trade Commission (Itc) Section 337 Investigations, Jeff Nall
Cybaris®
No abstract provided.
Forcing Creativity: An Analysis Of Chinese Ip Subsidies And How They Should Be Assessed Under Existing International Trade Agreements,
2021
Mitchell Hamline School of Law
Forcing Creativity: An Analysis Of Chinese Ip Subsidies And How They Should Be Assessed Under Existing International Trade Agreements, Taylor Stemler
Cybaris®
No abstract provided.
Credit Supports For Italian Specialty Products: The Case Of Prosciutto And Long-Aged Cheese,
2021
FIU College of Law
Credit Supports For Italian Specialty Products: The Case Of Prosciutto And Long-Aged Cheese, Jorge L. Esquirol
FIU Law Review
No abstract provided.
Adapting Indian Copyright: Bollywood, Indian Cultural Adaptation, And The Path To Economic Development,
2021
Vanderbilt University Law School
Adapting Indian Copyright: Bollywood, Indian Cultural Adaptation, And The Path To Economic Development, Michael P. Goodyear
Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment & Technology Law
Bollywood and the Indian film industry have enjoyed enormous success, being among the largest movie producers in the world. Yet, despite the bright image of Indian cinema producing over a thousand movies a year and selling billions of tickets, the industry has faced controversy over the practice of copying expression, sometimes practically scene for scene, from US and other international films and adapting them into a version that reflects Indian social and cinematic customs and mores (“Indian cultural adaptation”). A long-standing practice, Indian cultural adaptation in Bollywood has only attracted the attention of Hollywood studios in the past twenty years, …
Rethinking China Trade Policy: Lessons Learned And Options Ahead,
2021
Singapore Management University
Rethinking China Trade Policy: Lessons Learned And Options Ahead, Henry S. Gao
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
Looking back at the China trade policy of the Trump administration, the biggest lesson is that unilateralism simply doesn’t work, at least not against a major power like China. Despite the tumultuous two-and-half-year trade war and the Phase 1 deal hailed as an “unprecedented” deal promising “a more balanced trade relationship and a more level playing field for American workers and companies,” there has been little progress on the issues U.S. businesses and the Trump administration objected to in China’s trade and economic policies. It is not only the U.S. government that needs a more viable approach. Many companies would …
The Interpretation Of International Investment Treaties: The Application Of Mfn Clauses To Matters Of Dispute Settlement In Bits,
2021
The American University in Cairo AUC
The Interpretation Of International Investment Treaties: The Application Of Mfn Clauses To Matters Of Dispute Settlement In Bits, Amr Mostafa Aabed Abdo
Theses and Dissertations
The decisions of the arbitral tribunals have been under heavy attack for the inconsistent and unintended interpretations that went beyond the intent of the parties as it is expressed in the treaty provisions. One of these misinterpreted provisions is the MFN clause. Many tribunals have used this clause to allocate the adjudicatory authority between international arbitration and domestic courts. The problem of this application is a matter of treaty interpretation that is governed by the international rules of interpretation in the VCLT. These rules provide a balance approach to treaty interpretation and recognize equally the legitimate rights and interests of …
Learning From Experience: Comparing Legal Approaches To Foreign Bribery And Modern Slavery,
2021
Yeshiva University, Cardozo School of Law
Learning From Experience: Comparing Legal Approaches To Foreign Bribery And Modern Slavery, Hannah Harris, Justine Nolan
Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review
The article examines two distinct regulatory frameworks addressing global corruption and human rights issues: the criminal law approach to foreign bribery and the disclosure-based approach to modern slavery in supply chains. It argues that while the foreign bribery framework, exemplified by laws like the FCPA and the UK Bribery Act, relies on strict criminal liability, the modern slavery framework, as seen in laws like the Australian and UK Modern Slavery Acts, focuses on disclosure with limited enforcement mechanisms. The article proposes integrating elements of experimental governance, such as penalty defaults and stakeholder collaboration, to enhance the effectiveness of both frameworks …
How To Treat The Wto's Problem With Precedent,
2021
Vanderbilt University Law School
How To Treat The Wto's Problem With Precedent, Timothy Meyer
Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law
This Article argues that the World Trade Organization’s Appellate Body (AB), or a successor body, must become more transparent in justifying its decision to rely (or not) on prior decisions. The AB’s practice of precedent—which the United States cited as a cause of its decision to paralyze the AB by blocking new appointments-—is similar to how it has approached “likeness” in nondiscrimination cases. It placed a lot of weight on whether two cases (or products) are sufficiently similar to be compared, and it spent relatively less time substantively justifying its treatment of prior cases. Because the WTO does not have …
Hong Kong And China: Building Bridges Between Two Systems In One Country,
2021
Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law
Hong Kong And China: Building Bridges Between Two Systems In One Country, Harold Kang
Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution
In 1984, Britain and China negotiated an agreement that resulted in Hong Kong's reunification with China over one hundred years after it was surrendered to Britain following the Opium War. The Sino-British Joint Declaration stipulated that although China would exercise territorial sovereignty over Hong Kong, Hong Kong would still maintain a high degree of autonomy until the year 2047. This meant that Hong Kong would have independent executive, legislative, and judicial powers while maintaining its capitalist system and way of life. However, these promisesdespite codification in the Basic Law, which is a quasi-Constitution-do not escape the inherent contradiction in "one …
Interpretive Entrepreneurs,
2021
University of Georgia School of Law
Interpretive Entrepreneurs, Melissa J. Durkee
Scholarly Works
Private actors interpret legal norms, a phenomenon I call "interpretive entrepreneurship." The phenomenon is particularly significant in the international context, where many disputes are not subject to judicial resolution and there is no official system of precedent. Interpretation can affect the meaning of laws over time. For this reason, it can be a form of "post hoc" international lawmaking, worth studying alongside other forms of international lobbying and norm entrepreneurship by private actors. The Article identifies and describes the phenomenon through a series of case studies that show how, why, and by whom it unfolds. The examples focus on entrepreneurial …
The Disparate Treatment Of Rights In Trade,
2021
University of Georgia School of Law
The Disparate Treatment Of Rights In Trade, Desiree Leclercq
Scholarly Works
Rights advocates are increasingly urging U.S. trade negotiators to include new binding and sanctionable provisions that would protect human rights, women’s rights, and gender equality. Their efforts are understandable. Trade agreements have significant advantages as a process for advancing global rights. Even though Congress and the Executive incorporate global environmental standards and labor rights in U.S. trade agreements, they have refused to incorporate gender rights and broader human rights. The rationale behind the United States’ disparate treatment of rights in trade has received almost no scholarly attention. That is a mistake.
Using labor rights as a case study, this Article …
How To Treat The Wto's Problem With Precedent,
2021
Vanderbilt University Law School
How To Treat The Wto's Problem With Precedent, Timothy Meyer
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
This Article argues that the World Trade Organization's Appellate Body (AB), or a successor body, must become more transparent in justifying its decision to rely (or not) on prior decisions. The AB's practice of precedent-which the United States cited as a cause of its decision to paralyze the AB by blocking new appointments-is similar to how it has approached "likeness" in nondiscrimination cases. It placed a lot of weight on whether two cases (or products) are sufficiently similar to be compared, and it spent relatively less time substantively justifying its treatment of prior cases. Because the WTO does not have …
Leveling The Playing Field: Industrial Policy And Export-Contingent Subsidies In India-Export Related Measures,
2021
London School of Economics and Political Science
Leveling The Playing Field: Industrial Policy And Export-Contingent Subsidies In India-Export Related Measures, Timothy Meyer, Swati Dhingra
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
In India–Export Related Measures, the United States challenged a range of Indian measures as prohibited export-contingent subsidies, and a WTO panel largely agreed. This article examines the factors at play in the United States’ decision to bring the challenge. At the level of policy, the United States case reflects India’s graduation from the protections afforded developing nations’ export-contingent subsidies under the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures. A closer examination, however, shows that India ramped up its export-contingent subsidies just as the SCM Agreement required it to wind those subsidies down. Moreover, the expanded Indian subsidies led to increased import …
Interpretive Entrepreneurs,
2021
Washington University in St. Louis School of Law
Interpretive Entrepreneurs, Melissa (M.J.) Durkee
Scholarship@WashULaw
Private actors interpret legal norms, a phenomenon I call “interpretive entrepreneurship.” The phenomenon is particularly significant in the international context, where many disputes are not subject to judicial resolution and there is no official system of precedent. Interpretation can affect the meaning of laws over time. For this reason, it can be a form of “post hoc” international lawmaking, worth studying alongside other forms of international lobbying and norm entrepreneurship by private actors. The Article identifies and describes the phenomenon through a series of case studies that show how, why, and by whom it unfolds. The examples focus on entrepreneurial …
Harry Potter And The Gluttonous Machine,
2021
American University in Cairo
Harry Potter And The Gluttonous Machine, Jason A. Beckett
Faculty Journal Articles
In this paper, I outline the colonial structure of international law, and examine the short decline or suppression of its coloniality in the so-called ‘era of decolonisation’, then illustrate its resurgence in the modern neo-colonial order. PIL has split into two separate systems. One includes, and is justified by, the heroic tales of human rights and ‘Humanity’s Law’. The other is the actualised system of International Economic Law (IEL), an order driven by the need of the over-developed states to plunder the under-developed states’ resources and labour, to subsidise the luxury to which we have grown accustomed. One purports to …
Governing Science And Technology Under The International Economic Order: Regulatory Divergence And Convergence In The Age Of Megaregionals By Shin-Yi Peng, Han-Wei Liu And Ching-Fu Lin,
2021
Singapore Management University
Governing Science And Technology Under The International Economic Order: Regulatory Divergence And Convergence In The Age Of Megaregionals By Shin-Yi Peng, Han-Wei Liu And Ching-Fu Lin, Henry S. Gao, Weihuan Zhou
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
Trade and technology have a long history of interdependence. It was the trade along the ancient silk road that helped to spread the technologies of China – such as paper-making, gun power, compass, and moveable type printing – to Europe. These technologies helped to launch the Renaissance, the Reformation, and the Great Discoveries, which in turn set in motion globalization as we know today. As we enter the third decade of the twenty-first century, the role of science and technology grows even stronger in international trade. For example, the advancement of information and communications technology (ICT) has greatly facilitated the …
China’S Bilateral Investment Treaties,
2021
Singapore Management University
China’S Bilateral Investment Treaties, Heng Wang
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
This chapter focuses on the changes and trends in Chinese bilateral investment treaties and relatedly investment rules of China’s free trade agreements. It analyzes a number of questions: what is the changing context of China’s bilateral investment rulemaking? How to understand the evolution of China’s bilateral investment treaties? What are the major features in China’s recent practice? What are the shifts on investment dispute settlement?
Shifting Contour Of Data Sharing In Financial Market And Regulatory Responses: The Uk And Australian Models,
2021
Singapore Management University
Shifting Contour Of Data Sharing In Financial Market And Regulatory Responses: The Uk And Australian Models, Han-Wei Liu
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
Starting from Directive 2015/2366 on Payment Services in the Internal Market — known as PSD II in the European Union (EU) — countries across the world have or are contemplating a new framework to govern data sharing among different players in the financial market. “Open Banking,” as this trend is called, requires or encourages — depending on the regulatory models adopted in different jurisdictions — banks to share consumer-permissioned banking data with third parties securely, in a form that facilitates its use. The Open Banking initiatives have diffused from the EU, and the UK, to elsewhere. The current Open Banking …
Facilitating Investment Through Iias: The Case Of The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement,
2021
Singapore Management University
Facilitating Investment Through Iias: The Case Of The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement, Stefanie Schacherer
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
As many recently concluded IIAs, the RCEP agreement includes provisions on investment facilitation. Following ASEAN’s “built-in work program” approach, the agreement provides flexibility for RCEP parties to further implement investment facilitation measures. Such flexibility can arguably be an opportunity to set a collaborative framework for investment facilitation in the region.
