Crime Mapping And The Fourth Amendment: Redrawing 'High Crime Areas',
2011
American University Washington College of Law
Crime Mapping And The Fourth Amendment: Redrawing 'High Crime Areas', Andrew Ferguson
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
This article addresses how “crime mapping” technology has the potential to reshape Fourth Amendment protections in designated “high crime areas.” In the past few years, the ability of police administrators to identify and officially label “high crime areas” has rapidly expanded. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and crime mapping technology has simplified the collection and analysis of crime statistics. These GIS crime mapping technologies can produce almost perfect information about the level, rate, and geographic location of crimes in any given area.While effective policing tools, these technologies have constitutional consequences that are only now being considered. Under existing Supreme Court precedent, …
The Timely Demise Of The Fourth Amendment Third Party Doctrine,
2011
University of Oklahoma College of Law
The Timely Demise Of The Fourth Amendment Third Party Doctrine, Stephen E. Henderson
Faculty Articles
In what may be a slightly premature obituary, in this response to a forthcoming paper by Matthew Tokson I argue that the Fourth Amendment third party doctrine "has at least taken ill, and it can be hoped it is an illness from which it will never recover." It is increasingly unpopular as a matter of state constitutional law, has long been assailed in scholarship but now thoughtful alternatives are percolating, and it cannot – or at least should not – withstand the pressures which technology and social norms are placing upon it. Even the Supreme Court seems loath to defend …
Cloudy Privacy Protections: Why The Stored Communications Act Fails To Protect The Privacy Of Communications Stored In The Cloud,
2011
Vanderbilt University Law School
Cloudy Privacy Protections: Why The Stored Communications Act Fails To Protect The Privacy Of Communications Stored In The Cloud, Ilana R. Kattan
Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment & Technology Law
The advent of new communications technologies has generated debate over the applicability of the Fourth Amendment's warrant requirement to communications sent through, and stored in, technologies not anticipated by the Framers. In 1986, Congress responded to perceived gaps in the protections of the warrant requirement as applied to newer technologies, such as email, by passing the Stored Communications Act (SCA). As originally enacted, the SCA attempted to balance the interests of law enforcement against individual privacy rights by dictating the mechanisms by which the government could compel a particular service provider to disclose communications stored on behalf of its customers. …
Along For The Ride: Gps And The Fourth Amendment,
2011
Vanderbilt University Law School
Along For The Ride: Gps And The Fourth Amendment, Stephen A. Josey
Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment & Technology Law
With the advent of new technologies, the line as to where the Fourth Amendment forbids certain police behavior and when it does not has become increasingly blurred. Recently, the issue of whether police may use Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking devices to track individuals for prolonged periods of time without first securing a search warrant has crept its way into the limelight. The various circuits have arrived at different conclusions, and the question has now found its way onto the US Supreme Court's docket. After analyzing and weighing both Supreme Court case law and public policy considerations, this Note concludes …
The Need To Overrule Mapp V. Ohio,
2011
University of Colorado Law School
The Need To Overrule Mapp V. Ohio, William T. Pizzi
University of Colorado Law Review
This Article argues that it is time to overrule Mapp v. Ohio. It contends that the exclusionary rule is outdated because a tough deterrent sanction is difficult to reconcile with a criminal justice system where victims are increasingly seen to have a stake in criminal cases. The rule is also increasingly outdated in its epistemological assumption which insists officers act on "reasons" that they can articulate and which disparages actions based on "hunches" or "feelings." This assumption runs counter to a large body of neuroscience research suggesting that humans often "feel" or "sense" danger, sometimes even at a subconscious level, …
The Need To Overrule Mapp V. Ohio,
2011
University of Colorado Law School
The Need To Overrule Mapp V. Ohio, William T. Pizzi
Publications
This Article argues that it is time to overrule Mapp v. Ohio. It contends that the exclusionary rule is outdated because a tough deterrent sanction is difficult to reconcile with a criminal justice system where victims are increasingly seen to have a stake in criminal cases. The rule is also increasingly outdated in its epistemological assumption which insists officers act on "reasons" that they can articulate and which disparages actions based on "hunches" or "feelings." This assumption runs counter to a large body of neuroscience research suggesting that humans often "feel" or "sense" danger, sometimes even at a subconscious …
Faulty Foundations: How The False Analogy To Routine Fingerprinting Undermines The Argument For Arrestee Dna Sampling,
2010
William & Mary Law School
Faulty Foundations: How The False Analogy To Routine Fingerprinting Undermines The Argument For Arrestee Dna Sampling, Corey Preston
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.
Privacy Implications Of Smart Meters,
2010
Chicago-Kent College of Law
Privacy Implications Of Smart Meters, Cheryl Dancey Balough
Chicago-Kent Law Review
Many people worry about the erosion of privacy in our society given developments in technology, but that loss of privacy may take a quantum leap as electric "smart meters" make it possible for strangers to know on a real-time basis what is occurring in our houses and apartments. Perhaps the greatest concern is that current laws and regulations do not fully protect us from this unprecedented threat to two of our most basic rights—to be left alone in our own homes and to control personal information. Utility companies across the country are replacing conventional electric meters with smart meters designed …
The Faces Of Student Cell Phone Regulations And The Implications Of Three Clauses Of The Federal Constitution,
2010
Montclair State University
The Faces Of Student Cell Phone Regulations And The Implications Of Three Clauses Of The Federal Constitution, Joseph O. Oluwole, William Visotsky
Cardozo Public Law, Policy & Ethics Journal
The article examines the constitutionality of school district regulations on student cell phones, focusing on the Due Process Clause, the Free Speech Clause, and the Fourth Amendment. It argues that while schools have the authority to regulate cell phones to maintain an educational environment, such regulations must comply with legal standards to avoid infringing on students' rights. The analysis concludes that schools can enforce cell phone policies but must adhere to constitutional protections, particularly the Tinker test for speech and the T.L.O. test for searches.
Government Dragnets,
2010
Vanderbilt University Law School
Government Dragnets, Christopher Slobogin
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
This article examines group-focused police investigation techniques - for instance, roadblocks, drug testing programs, area or industry-wide health and safety inspections, data mining, and camera surveillance - a phenomenon referred to as "government dragnets" because these general searches and seizures attempt to cull out bad actors through ensnaring a much larger number of individuals who are innocent of any wrongdoing. The courts have imposed few limitations on dragnets. Recent commentary has either advocated an even more laissez-faire attitude toward these group search and seizures or, at the other end of the spectrum, proposed schemes that would make most of them …
Probabilities In Probable Cause And Beyond: Statistical Versus Concrete Harms,
2010
Cornell Law School
Probabilities In Probable Cause And Beyond: Statistical Versus Concrete Harms, Sherry F. Colb
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
The Inviolate Home: Housing Exceptionalism In The Fourth Amendment,
2010
IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law
The Inviolate Home: Housing Exceptionalism In The Fourth Amendment, Stephanie M. Stern
All Faculty Scholarship
The ideal of the inviolate home dominates the Fourth Amendment. The case law accords stricter protection to residential search and seizure than to many other privacy incursions. The focus on protection of the physical home has decreased doctrinal efficiency and coherence and derailed Fourth Amendment residential privacy from the core principle of intimate association. This Article challenges Fourth Amendment housing exceptionalism. Specifically, I critique two hallmarks of housing exceptionalism: first, the extension of protection to residential spaces unlikely to shelter intimate association or implicate other key privacy interests; and second, the prohibition of searches that impinge on core living spaces …
The Anatomy Of A Search: Intrusiveness And The Fourth Amendment,
2010
University of the District of Columbia
The Anatomy Of A Search: Intrusiveness And The Fourth Amendment, Renee Mcdonald Hutchins
Journal Articles
For more than two months beginning in late December of 2005, police officers in New York State continuously monitored the location and movements of Scott Weaver's van using a surreptitiously attached global positioning system ("GPS") device, known as a "Qball."' The reason Weaver was targeted for police surveillance has never been disclosed. 2 In addition, law enforcement made no attempt to justify the heightened scrutiny of Weaver by seeking the pre-authorization of a warrant from a neutral magistrate.3 Rather, for sixty-five days, the police subjected Weaver to intense surveillance without oversight, interruption, or explanation. 4 More than a year after …
Issue 4: Table Of Contents,
2010
University of Richmond
Proportionality, Privacy, And Public Opinion: A Reply To Kerr And Swire,
2010
Vanderbilt University Law School
Proportionality, Privacy, And Public Opinion: A Reply To Kerr And Swire, Christopher Slobogin
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
In 2007, I published Privacy at Risk: The New Government Surveillance and the Fourth Amendment.' The immediate trigger for the book was the recent upsurge in government use of technology to monitor public and private behavior, and more particularly the tremendous increase in government surveillance after 9/11 using techniques such as data mining, phone and computer intercepts, and public camera systems. The primary analytical target of the book, however, was more general: Supreme Court case law that, read broadly, permits much of this technological surveillance to take place without impinging on any constitutional interests. In an effort to counteract this …
Bombed Away: How The Second Circuit Destroyed Fourth Amendment Rights Of U.S. Citizens Abroad,
2010
Brigham Young University Law School
Bombed Away: How The Second Circuit Destroyed Fourth Amendment Rights Of U.S. Citizens Abroad, Carla Crandall
BYU Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Anatomy Of A Search: Intrusiveness And The Fourth Amendment,
2010
University of Maryland School of Law
The Anatomy Of A Search: Intrusiveness And The Fourth Amendment, Renée Mcdonald Hutchins
University of Richmond Law Review
In this essay, I contend that when evaluating the constitutionality of enhanced surveillance devices, the existing test for assessing the occurrence of a Fourth Amendment search should be modified. Specifically, I suggest that intrusiveness should be unambiguously adopted by the Court as the benchmark for assessing and defining the existence of a search under the Fourth Amendment. Moreover, intrusiveness should be clearly defined to require an examination of two factors: the functionality of a challenged form of surveillance and the potential for disclosure created by the device.
Privacy Revisited: Gps Tracking As Search And Seizure,
2010
Pace University School of Law
Privacy Revisited: Gps Tracking As Search And Seizure, Bennett L. Gershman
Pace Law Review
Part I of this Article discusses the facts in People v. Weaver, the majority and dissenting opinions in the Appellate Division, Third Department decision, and the majority and dissenting opinions in the Court of Appeals decision. Part II addresses the question that has yet to be decided by the U.S. Supreme Court—whether GPS tracking of a vehicle by law enforcement constitutes a search under the Fourth Amendment. Part III addresses the separate question that the Court of Appeals did not address in Weaver—whether the surreptitious attachment of a GPS device to a vehicle constitutes a seizure under the Fourth Amendment. …
Safford Unified School District #1 V. Redding: Why Qualified Immunity Is A Poor Fit In Fourth Amendment School Search Cases,
2010
Brigham Young University Law School
Safford Unified School District #1 V. Redding: Why Qualified Immunity Is A Poor Fit In Fourth Amendment School Search Cases, Eric W. Clarke
Brigham Young University Journal of Public Law
No abstract provided.
Flexing Judicial Muscles: Did The Ninth Circuit Abandon Judicial Restraint In United States V. Comprehensive Druge Testing, Inc.?,
2010
Brigham Young University Law School
Flexing Judicial Muscles: Did The Ninth Circuit Abandon Judicial Restraint In United States V. Comprehensive Druge Testing, Inc.?, Allen H. Quist
Brigham Young University Journal of Public Law
No abstract provided.
