Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Commons^™

More Than A Minor Inconvenience: The Case For Heightened Protection For Children Appearing On Reality Television, Katherine Neifeld

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

Reality television is a genre that is both innovative in its use of traditional theatrical convention to display true life and paradoxical in its often perplexing definition of what is real. For minor children, however, the effects of participation in reality television production are heightened due to the unique nature of the genre. While protections for traditional child performers exist, the risks the minor participant on reality television faces are unique. The minor on reality television lacks formal recognition as a working child actor by the entertainment industry. Additionally, instead of playing a fictional character, the minor portrays his true …

Regulating Relationships Between Competing Broadcasters, Christopher S. Reed

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

In response to mounting economic challenges in the media industry, some broadcasters have started entering into agreements whereby one station agrees to sell advertising, produce programming, or take over certain other functions of another station in the same market. Though such arrangements, often called local marketing or time brokerage agreements, are not particularly new in the broadcasting field, they have been used with increasing frequency in recent years.

This article examines the form and function of cooperative agreements among broadcasters and explores the reasons why such agreements are attractive business propositions for those who enter into them. It then describes …

Citizens United And The Future Of Fcc Content Regulation, Elizabeth Elices

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

This paper examines the potential impact of Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission upon content-based Federal Communications Commission regulations. Although Citizens United focused on Federal Election Commission regulations, the case reflects the various First Amendment doctrines favored by the current Court, and its reasoning may extend to other areas of regulated speech.

Part I of the paper will discuss several prominent areas of First Amendment doctrine as well as the roles of the FCC and the FEC. Part II will briefly desccribe the background and outcome of Citizens United. Finally, Part III will analyze several FCC regulations, primarily regarding content …

The New Digital Dating Behavior - Sexting: Teens' Explicit Love Letters: Criminal Justice Or Civil Liability, Terri Day

UC Law SF Communications and Entertainment Journal

This paper proposes a unique response to the explosive combination of teens, sex and technology. It discusses why most teen sexting does not meet the Ferber definition of child pornography; therefore, a civil remedy for the dignitary and emotional harm caused by the public dissemination of private sexual pictures is far superior to imposing criminal sanctions. The proposed statutory civil cause of action would hold parents vicariously liable for the harms caused by their children's sexting when done with actual malice. Recognizing that common law tort liability is legally unsustainable, this approach strikes a balance between protecting First Amendment rights …

Jockey Advertising Regulations In Horseracing, Natasha C. Farmer

Kentucky Journal of Equine, Agriculture, & Natural Resources Law

No abstract provided.

Sports In The Courts: The Role Of Sports References In Judicial Opinions, Douglas E. Abrams

Jeffrey S. Moorad Sports Law Journal (1994 - )

No abstract provided.

Sports Agents: Ethical Representatives Or Overly Aggressive Adversaries, Stacey B. Evans

Jeffrey S. Moorad Sports Law Journal (1994 - )

No abstract provided.

The Absence Of A Comprehensive Federal Policy Toward Internet And Sports Wagering And A Proposal For Change, Anthony Cabot

Jeffrey S. Moorad Sports Law Journal (1994 - )

No abstract provided.

Huddle Up: Surveying The Playing Field On The Single Entity Status Of The National Football League In Anticipation Of American Needle V. Nfl, Constantine J. Avgiris

Jeffrey S. Moorad Sports Law Journal (1994 - )

No abstract provided.

Baseball's Moral Hazard: Law, Economics, And The Designated Hitter Rule, Dustin E. Buehler, Steve P. Calandrillo

Articles

No subject prompts greater disagreement among baseball fans than the designated hitter rule, which allows teams to designate a player to hit for the pitcher. The rule increases the number of hit batsmen, and some have suggested this effect is a result of "moral hazard," which recognizes that persons insured against risk are more likely to engage in dangerous behavior. Because American League pitchers do not bat, they allegedly are not deterred by the full cost of making risky, inside pitches—namely, retribution during their next at bat.

Using a law-and-economics approach, this Article concludes that the designated hitter rule creates …

Embedded Advertising And The Venture Consumer, Zahr Said

Articles

Embedded advertising—marketing that promotes brands from within entertainment content—is a thriving, rapidly changing practice. Analysts estimate that embedded advertising expenditures will exceed $10 billion in 2010. The market continues to grow even as traditional advertising revenues contract. The relatively few legal scholars who have studied embedded advertising believe that it is under-regulated. Ineffective regulation, they claim, is deeply troubling because corporations may, with legal impunity, deceptively pitch products to trusting viewers. Critics charge that embedded advertising creates "hyper-commercialism," distorts consumers' tastes, taints the artistic process, and erodes faith in public discourse.

This Article argues that the critics are wrong. Sponsorship …

Laws Of Race/Laws Of Representation: The Construction Of Race And Law In Contemporary American Film, 11 Tex. Rev. Ent. & Sports L. 219 (2010), Cynthia D. Bond

UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship

Popular film has a lot to teach us about social narratives of law. Both law and film are story-telling, narrative systems. Accordingly, films about law are "overdetermined" in terms of narrative: they are stories about stories. Race is also a narrative system in which visual representation is key. The significance of the visual apprehension of race is deeply relevant to the legal construction of race as well. For example, in early citizenship cases and racial "passing" cases which persisted through the latter part of the 2 0th century. Since society constructs racial categories in large part by visual identification and …

The Reverse-Morals Clause: The Unique Way To Save Talent's Reputation And Money In A New Era Of Corporate Crimes And Scandals, Porcher L. Taylor Iii, Fernando M. Pinguelo, Timothy D. Cedrone

School of Professional and Continuing Studies Faculty Publications

This article sails into the largely unchartered waters of reverse-morals clauses because, to our knowledge, there are no law review or law journal articles that substantially address this still nascent area of law.²⁵ Similarly, our research has not revealed any state or federal cases involving reverse-morals clauses.²⁶ Nor has an actual talent contract containing such a clause been publicly revealed, either in terms of language or the identification of the parties to such a clause,²⁷ although reportedly "an increasingly larger number" of talent are now asking for reverse-morals clauses in the wake of the Enron fallout and …

Governing Gambling In The United States, Maria E. Garcia

CMC Senior Theses

The role risk taking has played in American history has helped shape current legislation concerning gambling. This thesis attempts to explain the discrepancies in legislation regarding distinct forms of gambling. While casinos are heavily regulated by state and federal laws, most statutes dealing with lotteries strive to regulate the activities of other parties instead of those of the lottery institutions. Incidentally, lotteries are the only form of gambling completely managed by the government. It can be inferred that the United States government is more concerned with people exploiting gambling than with the actual practice of wagering.

In an effort to …

Music Markets And Mythologies, 9 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 831 (2010), Henry H. Perritt, Jr.

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

New technologies have started a revolution in the music marketplace. As new business models emerge, major firms in the popular music industry have mounted a campaign on the premise that the world of popular music faces a grave threat from illicit filing sharing. This article makes the case against that campaign. It discusses how new technologies are currently reshaping the marketplace to allow a wider range of new artists, as well as more direct access between musicians and their fans. It also predicts how future demand for popular music will increase due to portability, and ultimately recommends directions for marketplace …

Patchwork Protection: Copyright Law And Quilted Art, 9 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 855 (2010), Maureen Collins

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

Historically, quilts have been denied the same copyright protection available to any other expression in a fixed medium. When quilts have been considered protectable, the protectable elements in a pattern have been limited, or the application of the substantial similarity test has varied widely. One possible explanation for this unequal treatment is that quilting is viewed as ‘women’s work.’ Another is that quilts are primarily functional. However, quilts have evolved over time and may now be expensive collectible pieces of art; art that deserves copyright protection. This article traces the history of quilt making, addresses the varying standards of protection …

No More Rockin' In The Free World: Removing The Radio Broadcast Exemption, 9 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 935 (2010), Brandon H. Nemec

UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law

In an era of boundless technological advancement, the music industry faces its most turbulent economic landscape to date. The sustainability of the industry relies on the emergence of an innovative strategy to adapt music’s business model and continue to incentivize the creation and performance of brilliant music. A modernized industry model necessitates a reorganization of the copyright protections ultimately designed to motivate exceptional musicians. The following comment proposes a shift in one of music’s traditional revenue streams, and examines the controversial public performance exemption provided to broadcast radio. While debate has circulated around the public performance exemption for decades, the …

For The Love Of The Game: The Justification For Tax Exemption In Intercollegiate Athletics, 44 J. Marshall L. Rev. 179 (2010), Andrew D. Appleby

UIC Law Review

No abstract provided.

Understanding And Regulating The Sport Of Mixed Martial Arts, Brendan Maher

Faculty Articles and Papers

The past fifteen years have seen the emergence of a new sport in America and around the world: mixed martial arts (“MMA”). MMA is an interdisciplinary combat sport whose participants engage in and combine a variety of fighting disciplines (e.g., kickboxing, wrestling, karate, jiu-jitsu, and so on) within one match. In this Article, I examine and analyze the sport’s evolution, articulate a theory of sporting legitimacy, supply a conceptual taxonomy of regulation, and highlight potential reform. More specifically, my foundational treatment proceeds as follows. I first explain the modern history and development of MMA, tracing it from its shaggy, brutish …

Economic Value, Equal Dignity And The Future Of Sweepstakes, Anthony N. Cabot, Glenn J. Light, Karl F. Rutledge

UNLV Gaming Law Journal

The three basic forms of prize gaming are gambling, sweepstakes, and contests. Most states have a common approach to determining the legality of prize gaming. In general, states analyze if an activity includes three factors associated with gambling: (1) opportunity to win a prize, (2) winning based on chance, and (3) consideration paid to take that chance. If you take away any one of the three elements of gambling—consideration, prize, or chance—you have an activity that is lawful in most states. A contest, for example, differs from gambling because the winner is determined by skill. Determination of whether a (pay-for-play) …